[Aproaches to immunotherapy in different immunophenotypes of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma].

The combination of two immunomodulating agents (genferon derived from exogenous IFN-alpha2b and cycloferon, endogenous IFN inductor) was added to the complex therapy of 60 patients with different cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (CBCC) immunophenotypes. All patients underwent tumor resection, 1-3 days after surgery the patients received immunotropic therapy by focal cycloferon injections (2 ml of 12.5% solution) on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 post-operation with simultaneous genferon therapy via suppositoria (1 000 000 ME) twice a day for 10 days. The therapy was well-tolerated. Essential parameters of immune homeostasis were evaluated before and 3 months after immunotropic therapy. During further observation (for a mean period of 1.8 years) none of the patients displayed any signs of CBCC relapse. The immunological studies results give evidence for correction of immune disturbances characteristic for CBCC patients. This data confirm the effectiveness of immunotropic therapy for relapse prevention and immune disorders correction and allow recommending it for CBCC patients with high relapse risk.

Significance of methods for purification of oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for the efficiency of gene diagnosis by real-time PCR.

Analysis of the use of real-time PCR with fluorescent registration of results for gene diagnosis of infectious diseases showed that the sensitivity and reliability of quantitative evaluation of DNA targets directly depended on the method of purification of oligonucleotide probes. Chromatographic behavior of synthetic probes carrying various fluorophores and fluorescence quenchers was analyzed. Approaches to optimization of purification methods are proposed enabling elimination of previously undetectable admixtures. The importance of these studies is explained by the need in extending the armory of methods for the development and production of diagnosticums for detection of infectious and hereditary diseases, identification of genetically modified organisms, and for a wide spectrum of research in molecular biology and medicine.

[The current concept of immunological disorders in the case of basal-cell carcinoma].

Imbalance in the interaction of mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity rather than selective defect of each of the links is a determinant of the development of basal-cell carcinoma of this or that form of immunopathology or that of transformation of one to another form. The lecture gives notions on immunological phenotypes and the parameters of innate and adaptive immunity and on the association of two links of immunity. The major tumor-associated immunological phenotypes are pathogenetically and clinically different, but have signs of two-link immunodeficiency in each case. Tumor-associated secondary immunodeficiency is characterized by defects encompassing both the innate and adaptive links of immunity. Predominant are autoimmune disorders involving mainly the adaptive link of immunological responsiveness in case of tumor-associated autoimmune syndrome concurrent with immunodeficiency.

Cancer-associated immune-mediated syndromes: Pathogenic values and clinical implementation.

The ability of tumors to provoke formation of cancer-associated secondary immunodeficiency (CASID) with predominant suppression of CMI and cancer-associated secondary immunodeficiency with clinical autoimmunity syndrome (CASICAS) with triggering of a set of the autoimmune deviations is appearing to be a key event in the restriction of hosts' anti-tumor immunity. Earlier the existence of the above-mentioned syndromes was demonstrated in BCC and GBM patients. In order to reach a point where immunological phenotypes in GBM and BCC can be clarified clinically and, partly, pathogenically, we have conducted a series of studies of typical and atypical types of immune responsiveness in patients with GBM and BCC. For GBM and BCC three scenarios of the involvement of the immune responsiveness have been established in a series of our studies, i.e., (i) malignancy with no immunopathology, (ii) malignancy as CASID, and (iii) malignancy as CASICAS. All of those scenarios demonstrated significant differences in their immune-mediated manifestations which, in turn, were proven to reveal close associative relationships with a specific clinicopathologic type and clinical manifestations of the tumor. CASID and CASICAS share two common features, i.e., (i) signs of immunodeficiency and (ii) a tandem of the deviations within the adaptive and innate links of the host immune responsiveness. At the same time, CASID and CASICAS are distinct pathogenically and clinically, and in terms of depth of the immune deviations observed, CASID patients manifest a breakage in both links, whereas in CASICAS patients, a breakage in the adaptive link would dominate. To get these differences clarified, we summarized major types of the immune imbalances and sets of clinical and clinicopathologic manifestations to illustrate the above-mentioned features in CASID and CASICAS patients. There are distinct close correlations between clinicopathologic features of the disease course and sets of the immune-mediated imbalances in patients harboring the tumors. The latter implicates a panel of the new immunodiagnostic and immunoprognostic criteria for patients with solid tumors, i.e., BCC, MCC and GB, which is of great value for clinical practice. In particular, the blood levels of some of the immunocompetent cells, state of their functional activity, serum titers of the antigenic markers and autoantibodies, apoptotic parameters, and others may be accepted as additional and clinically informative criteria to be implemented for immunological monitoring and immunotherapy of patients with solid tumors.

[Immunochemical studies of the system of specific proteins of the human placenta]. / Immunokhimicheskie issledovaniia sistemy spetsificheskikh belkov platsenty cheloveka.

The levels of placental lactogen, (PL), trophoblastic beta-globulin (TBG), placental alpha-microglobulin (PAMG-1), alpha 2-microglobulin of fertility (AMGF) in the blood serum of females, amniotic liquid and tissue of the placenta during pregnancy were comparatively studied and the protein-synthesizing function in the placenta in gestosis was evaluated. An original approach to differential assessment of the placental function was developed, by using the comprehensive serological immunochemical assay for placental proteins, which was based on concurrent immunodiffuse determination of PL, TBG, and enzyme immunoassay for AMGF and PAMG-1.

[Immunochemical studies of several proteins in angina pectoris]. / Immunokhimicheskie issledovaniia nekotorykh belkov pri stenokardii.

A comprehensive immunochemical assay was developed for quantification of apoproteins of the atherogenic lipoproteins B, H, Lp(a) and the "acute phase proteins" with unstable angina pectoris that had varied increases in the parameters studied in comparison with their physiological measures. The significance of the proteins under test was discussed in terms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The asset of a complex immunochemical assay as part of the procedure involved simplicity and accessibility for wide medical practice, providing valid information.

[Possibility of selective binding of HIV-1 infected cells by immunosorbents]. / Izuchenie vozmozhnosti selektivnogo sviazyvaniia infitsirovannykh VICh-1 kletok s pomoshch'iu immunosorbentov.

A study was made of a possibility of specific sorption of HIV-1 infected cells with gamma-fraction of AIDS patients' serum containing high titer-specific antibodies, immobilized on the silica matrix (C-3). The laboratory tests were made with the use of the monocyte culture [symbol: see text] chronically infected with HIV-1. In addition to a decrease of the cell count after sorption, there was a decline of the activity of antigen material in the samples (to 43% of the initial). The selectivity rates were 0.92 for immunosorbents and 0.29 for sorbents of the control group, that confirms and increase of the delay of the cells expressing HIV-1 proteins on a column with the immobilized gamma-fraction of AIDS patients' serum. The use of the synthesized immunosorbents in vivo may appear debatable. However, this method can be employed for preparative purposes.

Comparative study of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay techniques in determining serum placental protein 14 levels in gynecologic patients.

A comparative analysis of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques in determining placental protein 14 (PP14) levels in gynecologic patients was performed. Serum PP14 levels were assessed in the patients in the last period of gestation, during menopause and in healthy nonpregnant controls. The possible discrepancy in PP14 levels was also examined in gynecologic patients with benign and malignant tumors. Both RIA and ELISA techniques proved to be sufficiently sensitive to measure PP14 concentration.

[Immunosorption of individual HIV proteins and virions]. / Immunosorbtsiia individual'nykh bel'kov i virionov VICh.

Immunosorbents specifically binding native (gp160, gp120, gp41) and recombinant env proteins and HIV-I virions were synthesized on the basis of Sepharose 4B and Silica with immobilized ligands such as gamma-fraction of rabbit antiserum to HIV-I proteins and purified antibodies to env proteins of HIV-I. The possibility was shown of selective extraction of HIV-I virions and individual HIV proteins both in vitro and in vivo. The titer of virus antigens (in ELISA) after perfusion via an immunosorbent of patterns with a high content of virions and HIV-I proteins was 8 times as low as the starting titer (after perfusion via the control sorbent it was 2-fold decreased). Extracorporeal immunosorption in animals after intravenous injection of recombinant env protein permitted the latter's titer to be 5 times lower. After perfusion via the control sorbent the titer dropped by at least 20% as compared with the starting titer. The possibility of using immunosorption in multimodality therapy of AIDS is under discussion.

[Leukocyte thermostable alpha globulin immunochemical test in the evaluation of the functional state of human leukocytes]. / Immunokhimicheskii test na LTAG dlia otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoianiia leikotsitov cheloveka.

For detection of functional State of Human Leucocytes incubation test was proposed. From the levels of LTAG (Leucocyte thermostable alpha-globulin)--one of the cationic proteins of granules neutrophils, which excrete neutrophils from granules in the time of incubation, it is possible to estimate the degree of injury of the functional state of Leucocytes from patients and in experimental systems in vitro. The immunochemical techniques were used to study the levels of LTAG.

[Detection of myeloperoxidase in eye tissues of man]. / Obnaruzhenie mieloperoksidazy v tkani glaza cheloveka.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme which usually detected in leukocytes of peripheral blood. Its principal function is to produce bactericidal hypochlorite-ions in reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chlor ions. The present work deals with testing myeloperoxidase activity in different eye tissues. Evolution of MPO activity has been tested by means of dianisidine reaction and immunochemical identification in extracts. High activity of MPO was found for retina and lens of healthy men and elderly people with lens opalescence. It should be noted that cellular body, cornea, aqueous humor, vitreous humor do not manifest any noticeable activity. Iris has low activity.

Protein factor of fertility in malignancies.

Serum levels of the protein factor of fertility (PFF) were measured by immunoenzymatic assay with a sensitivity of 4 ng/ml. The normal concentration of PFF was within 8-20 ng/ml in males and 20-40 ng/ml in females. Elevated levels of PFF--from 50 to 400 ng/ml--were found in patients with ovarian tumors (19%), cancer of the uterine body (25%) and tumors of the uterine cervix (37%).

[Immunoenzyme analysis of placenta-specific alpha 1-microglobulin in the serum of blood donors]. / Immunofermentnyi analiz platsenta-spetsificheskogo alpha 1-mikroglobulina v syvorotke krovi donorov.

An immunoenzyme assay is developed for quantitative estimation of placenta specific alpha 1-microglobulin in biological fluids. The assay is more sensitive as compared with immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassays used previously. Concentration of alpha 1-microglobulin in blood serum of men-donors was found to be 7-30 ng/ml and of women--0.50 ng/ml.

[Immunochemical analysis of the interaction of the fertility alpha 2-microglobulin with steroid sex hormones]. / Immunokhimicheskii analiz vzaimodeistviia al'fa 2-mikroglobulina fertil'nosti so steroidnymi polovymi gormonami.

The interaction between the fertility alpha 2-microglobulin and steroid sex hormones (estrone, estriol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) was studied by the use of cross immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gels. alpha 2-microglobulin was shown to bind to the above hormones, its affinity to testosterone being the highest. The ability of alpha 2-microglobulin to bind to steroid hormones can be used for its isolation by affinity chromatography with immobilized steroid hormones.

[Immunochemical analysis of lectin acceptors in the structure of the fertility alpha 2-microglobulin]. / Immunokhimicheskii analiz aktseptorov k lektinam v strukture al'fa 2-mikroglobulina fertil'nosti.

Fertility alpha 2-microglobulin reacts with 3 out of 8 lectins, which possess affinity to monosaccharides (glucose and mannose) and acetylamino sugar. The affinity is most marked to concanavalin A and is considerably weaker to Pisum sativum and Vicia faba lectins, whereas the protein gives no reaction with other lectins.

[Preparative isolation of human fertility alpha 1-microglobulin using ion-exchange chromatography]. / Preparativnoe vydelenie alpha2-mikroglobulina fertil'nosti cheloveka metodom ionoobmennoi khromatografii.

A preparation of fertility alpha 2-microglobulin was isolated from an extract of decidual tissue with a purity about 95% and complete maintaining of native properties using chromatography on anion and cation exchange Sephadexes.