RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to assess mutational events in exons 5, 7, and 8 of the p53 gene and to reveal mutant p53 protein in verified cases of morphologically altered (proliferative and precancerous changes, lung cancer) and histologically unaltered, lung tissues in workers exposed to occupational radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigation used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded unaltered and altered lung tissue blocks (FFPBs) obtained from the human radiobiological tissue repository. The shelf-life of FFPBs was 5-31 years. An immunohistochemical technique using mouse antibodies against p53 protein (<
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/patologia , Energia Nuclear , Doenças Profissionais/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/etiologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Éxons , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Indústrias , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutação , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/genética , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/genética , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Inclusão em Parafina , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/epidemiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/etiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/genética , Federação RussaRESUMO
Optimal conditions were defined for DNA isolation from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archived autopsy lung tissue slices. The quality of DNA preparations isolated from the FFPE archived slices was assessed and their suitability for further molecular genetic analysis estimated. DNA isolated from the FFPE slices stored less and more than 10 years was suitable for molecular genetic studies in 100 and 66.7% of cases, respectively.
Assuntos
DNA/genética , DNA/isolamento & purificação , Inclusão em Parafina , Autopsia , Formaldeído , Humanos , Pulmão/química , Pulmão/patologia , Fixação de TecidosRESUMO
Radiobiological Human Tissue repository was established in order to obtain and store biological material from Mayak PA workers occupationally exposed to ionizing (α- and/or γ-) radiation in a wide dose range, from the residents exposed to long term radiation due to radiation accidents and transfer of the samples to scientists for the purpose of studying the effects of radiation for people and their offspring. The accumulated biomaterial is the informational and research potential that form the basis for the work of the scientists in different spheres of biology and medicine. The repository comprises 5 sections: tumor and non-tumor tissues obtained in the course of autopsies, biopsies, surgeries, samples of blood and its components, of DNA, induced sputum, saliva, and other from people exposed or unexposed (control) to radiation. The biomaterial is stored in formalin, in paraffin blocks, slides, as well as in the freezers under low temperatures. All the information on the samples and the registrants (medical, dosimetry, demographic, and occupational data) was obtained and entered into the electronic database. A constantly updated website of the repository was developed in order to provide a possibility to get acquainted with the material and proceed with application for biosamples for scientists from Russia and abroad. Some data obtained in the course of scientific research works on the basis of the biomaterial from the Repository are briefly introduced in the review.
Assuntos
Raios gama , Exposição Ocupacional , Bancos de Tecidos , Humanos , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Radiobiologia , Federação RussaRESUMO
Several recent efforts in the radiation biology community worldwide have amassed records and archival tissues from animals exposed to different radionuclides and external beam irradiation. In most cases, these samples come from lifelong studies on large animal populations conducted in national laboratories and equivalent institutions throughout Europe, North America, and Japan. While many of these tissues were used for histopathological analyses, much more information may still be obtained from these samples. A new technique suitable for imaging of these tissues is x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Following development of third generation synchrotrons, XFM has emerged as an ideal technique for the study of metal content, speciation, and localization in cells, tissues, and organs. Here the authors review some of the recent XFM literature pertinent to tissue sample studies and present examples of XFM data obtained from tissue sections of beagle dog samples, which show that the quality of archival tissues allows XFM investigation.
Assuntos
Microscopia de Fluorescência/métodos , Preservação de Tecido , Animais , Humanos , Raios XAssuntos
Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/efeitos da radiação , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Osteossarcoma/etiologia , Plutônio/administração & dosagem , Animais , Injeções Intravenosas , Células Matadoras Naturais/fisiologia , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In experiments with CBA mice it was shown that the long-term influence of tritium oxide administered with drinking water daily during 180 days (370 kBq.g-1 of body mass, cumulative dose 8.7 Gy, dose rate 4.5 cGy.day-1) causes the development of immunity deficiency 90 days after the onset of the administration that persists for up to 270 days. There is a 34% decrease in the average life of irradiated animals and an increase in the number of malignant neoplasms (postmortem examination was performed after natural death or killing on days 250, 350 and 450). There is a direct relationship between the occurrence of malignant neoplasms and the immunity deficiency.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/imunologia , Trítio/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Água , Água , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/imunologia , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/efeitos da radiação , Partículas beta , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Imunização , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/etiologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/patologia , Baço/citologia , Baço/imunologia , Baço/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The incidence of leukoses upon long-term administration of tritium oxide to Wistar rats increased by 15.6% as compared to 2.1% in controls. The repeated injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide caused a 2.3-fold increase in the occurrence of hemoblastosis induced by the radionuclide mainly due to the increase in the proliferative activity of haemopoietic precursors because of the increased demand for mature cells.
Assuntos
Leucemia Experimental/epidemiologia , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/epidemiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Salmonella typhi , Trítio/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Água , Água , Animais , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Células da Medula Óssea , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/efeitos da radiação , Hematopoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Hematopoese/efeitos da radiação , Leucemia Experimental/etiologia , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/etiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were studied in hemopoietic cells of Wistar rats myeloid leukaemia induced by the prolonged exposure to tritium oxide. Differences in quantitative and structural damages of chromosomes were revealed by the cytogenetic assessment of eighteen rats with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and six rats with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The most characteristic chromosomal aberrations for AML appeared to be rearrangements in chromosomes 1-3. In CML translocations by one of chromosomes 15-20 coupled with defects in the groups of chromosomes 5-10 seemed to be nonrandom.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Leucemia Experimental/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Trítio , Água , Animais , Citogenética , Leucemia Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/induzido quimicamente , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
The studies were performed on Wistar rats with acute myeloblastic leukemia induced by a prolonged administration of tritiated water (370 MBq/kg/day-1; an absorbed dose--25.3 Gy) and by repeated pyrogenal injections. A reduction of the pool of polypotent hemopoietic cells (CFUs) with a simultaneous increase of their proliferative activity and a decline of their ability to self-supporting were observed in the leukemia-bearing animals. Populations of CFUdc in DC and of CFUc were reduced in all cases; their colony-forming ability was also found to decrease. All animals with leukemia showed a lowered amount of CFU-BL in the bone marrow and of CFU-TL in the thymus, although the content of these cells in the peripheral blood remained unchanged.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/patologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/patologia , Linfócitos B/efeitos da radiação , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/patologia , Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/patologia , Granulócitos/efeitos da radiação , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos da radiação , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/etiologia , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/etiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monócitos/patologia , Monócitos/efeitos da radiação , Pirogênios , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/patologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de Tempo , Trítio , ÁguaRESUMO
Intravenous injection of polymeric 239Pu(IV) nitrate (166.5, 55.5 and 18.5 kBq/kg body mass) to Wistar rats was shown to produce biphase changes in the frequency of hepatocyte chromosome aberrations. The increase in the structural damages to chromosomes at later times of observation was a pronounced function of radiation dose. The absence of such a dependence at early times was evidently due to the elimination of damaged liver parenchyma cells.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Fígado/efeitos da radiação , Nitratos , Plutônio , Animais , Injeções Intravenosas , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Plutônio/administração & dosagem , Polímeros , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosAssuntos
Butadienos/toxicidade , Carcinógenos , Mutagênicos , Animais , Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
In experiments of on rats a study was made of late effects of chronic action of tritium oxide (3HOH) during 6 months (37 X 10(4) Bq/g/day) and external gamma-radiation (137Cs) which were delivered in comparable daily and cumulative doses. It was shown that 3HOH produced a more pronounced blastomogenic effect. The RBE coefficient of tritium oxide approximated 1, with a reference to the average life shortening, and 4.2 and 2.5, with a reference to the incidence of malignant tumors and leukoses, respectively.