Risk factors associated with hospital mortality in non-surgical patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement treatment: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The prognosis-predicting factors for non-surgical patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains limited. In this study, we aim to analyze prognosis-predicting factors in the non-surgical patients receiving these two therapies. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from non-surgical patients with ECMO treatment from December 2013 until April 2023. Hospital mortality was primary endpoint of this study. The area under the curve and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of mortality. The independent risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression. The prediction model was a nomogram, and decision curve analysis and the calibration plot were used to assess it. Using restricted cubic spline curves and Spearman correlation, the correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS: The model that incorporated CRRT duration and age surpassed the two variables alone in predicting hospital mortality in non-surgical patients with ECMO therapy (AUC value = 0.868, 95% CI = 0.779-0.956). Older age, CRRT implantation, and duration were independent risk factors for hospital mortality (all p < 0.05). The nomogram predicting outcomes model containing on CRRT implantation and duration was developed, and the consistency between the predicted probability and observed probability and clinical utility of the models were good. CRRT duration was negatively associated with hemoglobin concentration and positively associated with urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. CONCLUSION: Hospital mortality in non-surgical ECMO patients was found to be independently associated with older age, longer CRRT duration, and CRRT implantation.

Unraveling Complexities: Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Renal Injury, and Compartment Syndrome Following a Wasp's Sting.

This study delves into the rare occurrence of rhabdomyolysis induced by wasp stings, emphasizing its toxic systemic repercussions. Drawing parallels with documented instances of insect bites worldwide, including those by honey bees and Africanized bees, the research explores the correlation between multiple wasp stings and acute renal failure associated with rhabdomyolysis. The venom's active components, such as amines, kinins, and histamine-releasing peptides, underpin toxic systemic reactions, leading to hemolysis, coagulopathy, and severe cytotoxicity-induced acute renal failure. Noteworthy is the emergence of blackish necroses at the sting site, suggesting intense cytotoxicity. The study also highlights skin necrosis as a prognostic indicator for toxic systemic reactions. The presented case manifests an anaphylaxis-like reaction, revealing insights into toxic responses devoid of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Timely intervention, encompassing hydration, transfusion, and dialytic support, proves imperative in scenarios involving multiple wasp stings, offering successful outcomes documented through plasma exchange in severe cases. This research prompts considerations beyond anaphylaxis, urging exploration of severe toxic systemic reactions in the context of multiple wasp stings.

Risk factors for mortality in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

OBJECTIVE: Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are often complex and have a high mortality rate. Currently, risk assessment and treatment decisions for patients receiving ECMO are controversial. Therefore, we sought to identify risk factors for mortality in patients receiving ECMO and provide a reference for patient management. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 199 patients who received ECMO support from December 2013 to April 2023. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors. The cutoff value was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 199 patients were selected for this study, and the mortality rate was 76.38%. More than half of the patients underwent surgery during hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) implantation (OR = 2.994; 95% CI, 1.405-6.167; p = 0.004) and age (OR = 1.021; 95% CI, 1.002-1.040; p = 0.032) were the independent risk factors for mortality. In the ROC curve analysis, age had the best predictive effect (AUC 0.646, 95% CI 0.559-0.732, p = 0.003) for death when the cutoff value was 48.5 years. Furthermore, in patients receiving combined CRRT and ECMO, lack of congenital heart disease and previous surgical history were the independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: CRRT implantation and age were independent risk factors for patients with ECMO implantation in a predominantly surgical cohort. In patients receiving a combination of CRRT and ECMO, lack of congenital heart disease and previous surgical history were independent risk factors for mortality.

Characterization and Clinical Significance of Hemolysis After Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Results of a Multicenter Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is increasingly used in clinical practice for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. While the susceptibility of erythrocytes to electroporation is well established, the effect of cardiac PFA technologies on hemolysis has remained underreported. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, severity, and clinical impact of PFA-induced hemolysis. METHODS: We included n=145 patients undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation with a pentaspline PFA catheter (biphasic, bipolar pulses of 2 kV) and n=70 patients receiving radiofrequency ablation (40-90 W) at 4 high-volume European centers. The lesion set comprised pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and pulmonary vein isolation±additional lesions for persistent atrial fibrillation. Hemolysis and renal function biomarkers were analyzed in blood samples at baseline, at the end of ablation, and 24 hours after the procedure. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups (overall mean, 65.7±9.4 years; 69.3% male). The ablation procedures comprised a mean of 61.6±27.4 PFA deliveries and 26.3±15.0 minute RF duration. Hemolysis was detected in 94.3% versus 6.8% of patients after PFA versus radiofrequency ablation (P<0.001): PFA was associated with significantly lower haptoglobin levels (0.5±0.4 versus 1.0±0.4 g/L), while free plasma hemoglobin (592.8±330.6 versus 147.8±183.0 mg/L), bilirubin (21.3±11.3 versus 14.8±8.8 µmol/L), and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase, 352.7±115.7 versus 253.2±56.5 U/L) were significantly higher after PFA versus radiofrequency ablation (all P<0.001). Hemolysis correlated with the number of PFA deliveries (r=0.62 [95% CI, 0.33-0.80]; P<0.001), with the highest severity occurring ≥54 PFA deliveries. After PFA, hemoglobinuria occurred in 36.4%, while creatinine increase was higher in patients with baseline glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min versus baseline glomerular filtration rate >50 mL/min (Δcrea, 27.0±103.1 versus -0.2±12.1 µmol/L; P=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Intravascular hemolysis is a frequent finding after PFA and increases with the number of PFA deliveries. Until the clinical impact of PFA-associated hemolysis is fully elucidated, a careful titration of PFA deliveries during the ablation procedure is warranted.

The Value of Bedside Ultrasound Evaluation of Intravenous Ultrasound Grading System Combined with TyG Index in Predicting Acute Renal Injury in Patients with Acute Hyperlipidemic Pancreatitis.

Aims/Background Bedside ultrasound evaluation of venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) combined with the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index plays an important role in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. VExUS can effectively evaluate the degree of venous congestion, while the TyG index is valuable in predicting severe pancreatitis. The combination of these two methods is expected to provide a more accurate AKI risk assessment tool for clinical practice. This study explores the value of combining bedside ultrasound evaluation using the VExUS grading system with the TyG index in predicting acute renal damage in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Methods From January 2021 to December 2023, 110 patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were selected. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI): the AKI group (n = 23) and the non-AKI group (n = 87). The general data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for AKI in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The predictive value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, outcome, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels at admission, blood nutrition at discharge, creatinine (CREA) at discharge, underlying diseases, start time of enteral nutrition, complications, length of stay, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) days, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, blood glucose level, blood amylase level, CREA, blood urine nitrogen (BUN), blood purification treatment (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the TyG index and the VExUS score, with variables including the TyG index and the VExUS score (included in the logistic regression analysis as variables), and AKI (AKI = 1, non-AKI = 0) as dependent variables. Multiple logistic regression results showed that the TyG index and VExUS score were independent predictors of AKI in patients with acute hyperlipidemia pancreatitis (p < 0.05). The standard error, sensitivity and specificity of the TyG index, VExUS score and combined model for predicting AKI in these patients were 0.064, 73.91 and 87.45; 0.036, 78.16 and 95.65; 0.010, 100.00 and 95.65, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion The VExUS score combined with the TyG index is highly valuable in predicting AKI in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis.

Mortality and morbidity associated with new onset acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 infection patients.

BACKGROUND: The recent global pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 resulted in a high rate of multi-organ failure and mortality in a large patient population across the world. As such, a possible correlation between acute kidney injury (AKI) and increased mortality rate in these patients has been suggested in literature. METHODS: This is a two-year retrospective study of critically ill adult patients infected with COVID-19 that were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) on ventilatory support. Two groups of patients were identified in this study, those who were directly admitted to the ICU or those who were initially admitted to the Medical Floor and were later transferred to the ICU due to either worsening respiratory status or change in their hemodynamic conditions. Within each group, three subgroups were created based on the status of AKI, namely, those who did not develop AKI, those who developed AKI, and those who with previous history of dialysis dependent AKI. RESULTS: The AKI subgroup had the highest mortality rate in the ICU and Floor patients. Of note, those patients who were directly admitted to the Floor and were later transferred to the ICU for worsening conditions also experienced a higher mortality rate if they had developed AKI during their course of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a statistically significant higher mortality in patients who developed AKI than those who did not develop AKI among critically ill patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT05964088. Date of registration: July 24 2023.

Case Report of Minimal Change Disease in the Adult Population.

Minimal change disease (MCD), typically linked with pediatric nephrotic syndrome, presents challenges in early identification and diagnosis in adult populations. This case report emphasizes the importance of tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches for adults with MCD. Our patient presented with fatigue, shortness of breath, and confusion, along with other symptoms leading to a renal biopsy which confirmed MCD. This highlights the diagnostic significance of kidney biopsy in adults. While steroids remain the standard treatment, challenges such as resistance and side effects lead to the consideration of alternatives like tacrolimus. There are nuanced differences between adult and pediatric MCD presentations, for which our study calls for increased awareness among physicians. Steroids are considered a first-line treatment for MCD, but prolonged use of steroids has significantly increased risk and alternative therapies should be considered. This study presents an example of MCD in adult populations, urging ongoing research for enhanced understanding and tailored management strategies. It emphasizes the pivotal role of physician awareness, alternative treatments, and continued investigation to improve outcomes for adults with MCD.

Reno-protective effect of fenofibrate and febuxostat against vancomycin-induced acute renal injury in rats: Targeting PPARγ/NF-κB/COX-II and AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin (VCM) is used clinically to treat serious infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, although its use is severely constrained by nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the possible nephroprotective effect of febuxostat (FX) and/or fenofibrate (FENO) and their possible underlying mechanisms against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups; Control, VCM, FX, FENO, and combination groups. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. The oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, MDA, GSH, total nitrite, GPx, MPO), the apoptotic marker, renal Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and inflammatory and kidney injury markers (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, Nrf2, OH-1, kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), NADPH oxidase, Kim-1, COX-II, NGAL, Cys-C were also evaluated. RESULTS: VCM resulted in significant elevation in markers of kidney damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers. Co-administration of VCM with either/or FX and FENO significantly mitigated nephrotoxicity and associated oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers. In comparison to either treatment alone, a more notable improvement was observed with the FX and FENO combination regimen. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that FX, FENO, and their combination regimen have a nephroprotective impact on VCM-induced kidney injury by suppressing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response. Renal recovery from VCM-induced injury was accomplished by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibition of NF-κB expression. This study highlights the importance of FX and FENO as effective therapies for reducing nephrotoxicity in VCM-treated patients.

The Development of IgE Multiple Myeloma Following Treatment for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.

This case report documents the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) in a 74-year-old man following treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer. It is important to include MM in the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with nonspecific symptoms such as back pain, anemia, and renal impairment in the absence of a prominent increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The present case was diagnosed as IgE MM with a poor prognosis. Prompt diagnosis and intervention of MM is necessary to avoid complications, including renal impairment.

Protective role of alpha-lipoic acid against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in rats.

Objectives: Rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening condition, occurs when myoglobin is released from damaged muscle cells, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), an organosulfur compound known for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was examined in this study for its potential impact on rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in rats. Materials and Methods: Six groups of rats were included in the study, with each group consisting of six rats (n=6): Control, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyolysis treated with different doses of ALA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and ALA alone (20 mg/kg) groups. Rhabdomyolysis was induced by intramuscular injection of glycerol on the first day of the experiment, while ALA was administered intraperitoneally for four consecutive days. Renal function parameters, oxidative stress markers, and histological changes in the kidneys were evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins. Results: A significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, renal malondialdehyde, NGAl, and TNF-α protein levels was observed in glycerol-injected rats. In addition, a significant decrease in glutathione was recorded. Compared to the rhabdomyolysis group, treatment with ALA recovered kidney histological and biochemical abnormalities. Conclusion: Results suggest that rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Treatment with ALA improved kidney histological abnormalities and reduced oxidative stress markers in rats. Therefore, ALA may have a potential protective effect against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.

Impact of a Short Educational Session on Early Diagnosis and Management of Acute Kidney Injury for Different Specialties.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This questionnaire study aimed to evaluate the impact of a short educational session on the early diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury (AKI) among doctors specializing in fields other than nephrology, assessed through pre- and post-test scores. This educational study included resident doctors from various specialties for assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled different specialty resident doctors' departments and assessed them through questionnaires and assessment scores. The pre-test questionnaires were first distributed and collected after 20 minutes. This was followed by a 30-minute short educational lecture on AKI by the nephrology faculty about its early diagnosis and management as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Immediately post continuing medical education, the same questionnaires were distributed along with feedback forms and collected after 10 minutes. RESULTS: A total of 110 residents participated in the study. All participants showed significant improvement in the post-lecture questionnaires compared to pre-lecture scores. For medicine and allied branch residents, the pre- and post-lecture scores were significantly higher than those of the surgical and allied branch residents. The lowest score was observed in residents of orthopedics. The improvement scores of all departments also showed significant differences. The highest improvement was seen in the department of gynecology, followed by residents of the critical care unit and the department of anesthesia. The residents of those departments with high pre- and post-test scores had lower improvement scores. CONCLUSION: The study found a significant knowledge gap in different sister specialties in diagnosing and managing AKI. Short educational sessions showed significant improvement in AKI understanding by addressing the knowledge gaps.

The renoprotective effect of Tibolone in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major challenge in intensive care, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Tibolone, known for its neuroprotective and hormonal properties, has not been explored for its potential in AKI management. This study investigates the protective effects of Tibolone and its underlying mechanisms involving Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in a rat sepsis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. They were randomly assigned to control, CLP+Saline, and CLP+Tibolone groups. Tibolone was administered intraperitoneally. Biomarkers, including Sirtuin (SIRT1), Yes-associated protein (YAP), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, and urea, were assessed. Histopathological examination evaluated renal damage. RESULTS: Tibolone administration significantly reduced plasma TNF-α, HMGB1, MDA, creatinine, and urea levels compared to the CLP+Saline group. Moreover, Tibolone elevated SIRT1 and YAP levels in kidney tissues. Histopathological examination demonstrated a significant decrease in tubular epithelial necrosis, luminal debris, dilatation, hemorrhage, and interstitial inflammation in Tibolone-treated rats. CONCLUSION: This study unveils the protective role of Tibolone against sepsis-induced AKI in rats. The improvements in inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers and histological evidence suggest Tibolone's potential as a therapeutic intervention in sepsis-associated kidney injury. The upregulation of SIRT1 and YAP indicates their involvement in Tibolone's renoprotective mechanisms. Further investigations are warranted to explore Tibolone's translational potential in human sepsis-induced AKI.

Increased risk of acute kidney injury in the first part of an ultra-trail-Implications for abandonment.

Acute kidneys injuries (AKIs) have been described in marathon and trail running. The currently available data allows assessment of before/after comparisons but does not allow an analysis of what happens during the race. A multidisciplinary assessment protocol was performed during the first trail of Clécy (Normandy France) in November 2021. This allowed an initial assay to be carried out, then at the end of each of the 6 loops of 26 km, and finally after 24 h of recovery. The race extends over 156 km in hilly terrain and 6000 m of elevation gain (D+). The level of impairment according to the RIFLE classification was defined for each runner at each assay. Fifty-five runners were at the start, and the per protocol analysis involved 36 runners (27 men and 9 women, 26 finishers). Fifteen (41.7%) of the riders presented at least one result corresponding to a "RIFLE risk" level. After 24 h of rest, only one runner still had a "RIFLE Risk". The distance around the marathon seems to be the moment of greatest risk. For the first time, we find an association between this renal risk and the probability of abandonment. Many runners are vulnerable to kidney damage during long-duration exercise, which is why it's important to limit risk situations, such as the use of potentially toxic drugs or hydration disorders. The consumption of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) before or during an ultra-distance race should therefore be prohibited. Attention should be paid to hydration disorders.

LncTCONS_00058568 is involved in the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X7R in the lower thoracic spinal cord after acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a prevalent clinical syndrome, involves the participation of the nervous system in neuroimmune regulation. However, the intricate molecular mechanism that governs renal function regulation by the central nervous system (CNS) is complex and remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that the upregulated expression of lncTCONS_00058568 in lower thoracic spinal cord significantly ameliorated AKI-induced renal tissue injury, kidney morphology, inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity. Mechanistically, the purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) was overexpressed in AKI rats, whereas lncTCONS_00058568 was able to suppress the upregulation of P2X7R. In addition, RNA sequencing data revealed differentially expressed genes associated with nervous system inflammatory responses after lncTCONS_00058568 was overexpressed in AKI rats. Finally, the overexpression of lncTCONS_00058568 inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in spinal cord. Taken together, the results from the present study show that lncTCONS_00058568 overexpression prevented renal injury probably by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity mediated by P2X7R in the lower spinal cord subsequent to I/R-AKI.

5% Dextrose in Ringer's Lactate versus 5% Dextrose Normal Saline as Maintenance Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Children - A Randomised Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the difference in serum chloride levels between children receiving 5% Dextrose in Ringer's Lactate (RLD5) vs. 5% Dextrose Normal Saline (DNS) and to estimate the incidence of dyselectrolytemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (HCMA), acute kidney injury (AKI) and all-cause mortality in both groups. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in non-critically ill children aged 6 mo to 14 y, admitted between August 2021 and July 2022, requiring intravenous fluids. A sample size of 140 was estimated and randomised, with controls receiving 5% DNS and the intervention group receiving RLD5. Kidney function tests and blood gas analysis were done at admission, 24 h and 48 h after starting the maintenance IV fluid, and outcomes were analysed at 24 h and 48 h. Data was collected using a pre-designed data collection form that included demographic and clinical profile details, and outcomes were analysed using SPSS Version 20 software. RESULTS: Seventy-one children per group were enrolled. The mean chloride difference between the two groups at 24 and 48 h were 1.67 (p-value 0.03) and 2.78 (p-value 0.01), respectively. The incidence of AKI at 24 h and 48 h was 1.4% and 2.8% in the RLD5 group and 0% and 1.4% in the DNS group, respectively. At 24 h and 48 h, 2.8% and 2.8% of children had HCMA in the RLD5 group, and 14% and 4.2% had HCMA in the DNS group, respectively. There was no mortality in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Though clinically insignificant, there was a statistically significant difference in the serum chloride levels between the groups.

Rhabdomyolysis Following Prolonged Entrapment on a Fence: A Case Report.

It is well documented that prolonged immobilization and heavy alcohol consumption can independently cause rhabdomyolysis; however, entrapment on a fence following alcohol consumption resulting in rhabdomyolysis without prolonged coma or seizures has not been reported. We report a case of a 25-year-old man who, following alcohol consumption, whilst attempting to climb a fence, became entrapped and desperately had to clinch on the fence with both forearms for over three hours, resulting in rhabdomyolysis. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing the potential complications associated with prolonged immobilization and the subsequent management of rhabdomyolysis.

[Retracted] Antagonist targeting miR­106b­5p attenuates acute renal injury by regulating renal function, apoptosis and autophagy via the upregulation of TCF4.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that the EdU staining assay data shown in Figs. 4C and 5C and the western blotting data shown in Fig. 4E were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other research articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had either already been published, or were submitted for publication at around the same time. Owing to the fact that contentious data in the above article had already been submitted for publication elsewhere prior to its submission to International Journal of Molecular Medicine, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48: 169, 2021; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5002].

Role of renal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages in cisplatin-induced acute renal injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden and continuous decline in renal function. The drug cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy for solid tumors, and cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), which is characterized by acute tubular necrosis and inflammation, frequently occurs in tumor patients. Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) are severely damaged early in this process and play an important role in renal tubular injury and the recruitment of immune cells. Macrophages are the most common infiltrating immune cells in the kidney and have a significant impact on CI-AKI and subsequent repair. This article reviews the latest research progress on the effects of RTECs and macrophages on CI-AKI and their interactions in AKI to provide a direction for identifying therapeutic targets for treating AKI.