Defesa antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar pós inibição por Alopurinol / Antioxidant defense in Wistar rats liver after Alopurinol inhibition

As espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) são radicais livres derivadas do oxigênio. O fármaco Alopurinol (ALO) possui um efeito inibidor da enzima Xantina Oxidase, uma das vias da produção de EROs. Para combater esse ataque oxidativo no nosso organismo, existe uma defesa antioxidante enzimática, composta pelas enzimas Superóxido dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) e Glutationa Peroxidase (GPX). O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do alopurinol na defesa antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 20 ratos machos divididos em dois grupos: Controle (C) e Alopurinol (ALO). A droga foi administrada para os animais do grupo ALO, enquanto que no grupo C houve uma administração de veículo (salina), ambos durante 3 dias. Os resultados apontaram uma redução significativa na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no grupo ALO em comparação ao grupo C. A partir desses resultados sugeriu-se que o alopurinol foi eficiente na inibição de EROs.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen. The drug Allopurinol (ALO) has an inhibitory effect of the enzyme Xanthine Oxidase, one of the routes of ROS production. To combat this oxidative attack in our body, there is an enzymatic antioxidant defense, composed by the enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of allopurinol on the antioxidant defense in the liver of Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups: Control (C) and Allopurinol (ALO). The drug was administered to the animals of the ALO group, while in group C there was a vehicle (saline) administration, both for 3 days. The results indicated a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the ALO group compared to the group C. From these results it was suggested that allopurinol was efficient in inhibiting ROS.

Defesa antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar pós inibição por Alopurinol / Antioxidant defense in Wistar rats liver after Alopurinol inhibition

As espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) são radicais livres derivadas do oxigênio. O fármaco Alopurinol (ALO) possui um efeito inibidor da enzima Xantina Oxidase, uma das vias da produção de EROs. Para combater esse ataque oxidativo no nosso organismo, existe uma defesa antioxidante enzimática, composta pelas enzimas Superóxido dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) e Glutationa Peroxidase (GPX). O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos do alopurinol na defesa antioxidante no fígado de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 20 ratos machos divididos em dois grupos: Controle (C) e Alopurinol (ALO). A droga foi administrada para os animais do grupo ALO, enquanto que no grupo C houve uma administração de veículo (salina), ambos durante 3 dias. Os resultados apontaram uma redução significativa na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no grupo ALO em comparação ao grupo C. A partir desses resultados sugeriu-se que o alopurinol foi eficiente na inibição de EROs.(AU)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen. The drug Allopurinol (ALO) has an inhibitory effect of the enzyme Xanthine Oxidase, one of the routes of ROS production. To combat this oxidative attack in our body, there is an enzymatic antioxidant defense, composed by the enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of allopurinol on the antioxidant defense in the liver of Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups: Control (C) and Allopurinol (ALO). The drug was administered to the animals of the ALO group, while in group C there was a vehicle (saline) administration, both for 3 days. The results indicated a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the ALO group compared to the group C. From these results it was suggested that allopurinol was efficient in inhibiting ROS.(AU)

Resposta curso-temporal da enzima catalase no músculo esquelético de ratos após uma sessão de exercício exaustivo / Time-course response of catalase enzyme in skeletal muscle of rats after exhaustive exercise session

Studies show that exhaustive exercise prints in an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defense system. One of the enzymes responsible for the defense system is catalase (CAT) which detoxifica hydrogen peroxide in skeletal muscle avoiding possible damage. The aim of this study was to assess the time course of response catalase in skeletal muscle of mice after an exhaustive exercise session. They used 36 male Wistar rats with 60 days old and weighing 220-240g, kept in light / dark 12h / 12h with water and food ad libitum. The animals were divided into six groups: control group; immediately after exercise (0h); 6h; 12h; 24h; 48 hours after exercise. These have been adapted for two weeks on a treadmill for 48 hours after the animals and adaptation undergo a workout. The portions of red gastrocnemius muscle were dissected and stored in liquid nitrogen. The gene expression analysis was performed by PCR in real time. To analyze the enzymatic activity of CAT, the cultures were placed in a spectrophotometer at the absorbance value at 240 nm. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA - oneway) and post Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed large capacity regulation of this antioxidant enzyme, indicating a significant increase in expression of CAT 6h after exercise (p <0.05), as well as enzyme activity also increased by 6 hours after exercise (p <0.05) compared with the control, concluding that in the first hour after exercise has been possible to identify a defense response in skeletal muscle after exhaustive exercise.

Resposta curso-temporal da enzima catalase no músculo esquelético de ratos após uma sessão de exercício exaustivo / Time-course response of catalase enzyme in skeletal muscle of rats after exhaustive exercise session

Studies show that exhaustive exercise prints in an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defense system. One of the enzymes responsible for the defense system is catalase (CAT) which detoxifica hydrogen peroxide in skeletal muscle avoiding possible damage. The aim of this study was to assess the time course of response catalase in skeletal muscle of mice after an exhaustive exercise session. They used 36 male Wistar rats with 60 days old and weighing 220-240g, kept in light / dark 12h / 12h with water and food ad libitum. The animals were divided into six groups: control group; immediately after exercise (0h); 6h; 12h; 24h; 48 hours after exercise. These have been adapted for two weeks on a treadmill for 48 hours after the animals and adaptation undergo a workout. The portions of red gastrocnemius muscle were dissected and stored in liquid nitrogen. The gene expression analysis was performed by PCR in real time. To analyze the enzymatic activity of CAT, the cultures were placed in a spectrophotometer at the absorbance value at 240 nm. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA - oneway) and post Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed large capacity regulation of this antioxidant enzyme, indicating a significant increase in expression of CAT 6h after exercise (p <0.05), as well as enzyme activity also increased by 6 hours after exercise (p <0.05) compared with the control, concluding that in the first hour after exercise has been possible to identify a defense response in skeletal muscle after exhaustive exercise.(AU)

Redução do uso de animais através da bioinformática: técnicas in-silico apontam alvos moleculares / Reduction in the utilization of animals through bioinformatics: in-silico techniques point towards molecular targets

Model animals are indispensable in the advancement of life sciences. Computational analyses can save time and reduce the number of animals needed. Bioinformatics offer tools that support research through in-silico evaluations. Our aim was to study the function of exercise-linked genes, focusing on disease pathways, envisaging the discovery of new molecular targets for the use in animal model studies. This research was part of two projects approved by the local Ethics Committee (CEUA/UECE) in 04/2014 (1592060/2014) and 07/2015 (2542310/2015). Human genes linked to physical exercise were classified by the pathways using the enrichment tool Enrichnet. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) were used using the Fisher test (q-value). Strong correlations were found with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and immunologic diseases. Within neurodegenerative diseases, physical exercise was found to be linked to Parkinson’s (q-value 1.6 X10-17), Alzheimer’s (q-value 3.9 X10-16) and Huntington disease (q-value 1.9 X10-15). Within cardiovascular diseases linked to exercise there is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (q-value 8.5 X10-15). A large number of genes linked to exercise were found to participate in disease linked metabolic pathways. Concluding, after evaluating genes linked to physical exercise and disease pathways, new molecular targets for the use in model animal studies were revealed.

Redução do uso de animais através da bioinformática: técnicas in-silico apontam alvos moleculares / Reduction in the utilization of animals through bioinformatics: in-silico techniques point towards molecular targets

Model animals are indispensable in the advancement of life sciences. Computational analyses can save time and reduce the number of animals needed. Bioinformatics offer tools that support research through in-silico evaluations. Our aim was to study the function of exercise-linked genes, focusing on disease pathways, envisaging the discovery of new molecular targets for the use in animal model studies. This research was part of two projects approved by the local Ethics Committee (CEUA/UECE) in 04/2014 (1592060/2014) and 07/2015 (2542310/2015). Human genes linked to physical exercise were classified by the pathways using the enrichment tool Enrichnet. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) were used using the Fisher test (q-value). Strong correlations were found with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and immunologic diseases. Within neurodegenerative diseases, physical exercise was found to be linked to Parkinsons (q-value 1.6 X10-17), Alzheimers (q-value 3.9 X10-16) and Huntington disease (q-value 1.9 X10-15). Within cardiovascular diseases linked to exercise there is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (q-value 8.5 X10-15). A large number of genes linked to exercise were found to participate in disease linked metabolic pathways. Concluding, after evaluating genes linked to physical exercise and disease pathways, new molecular targets for the use in model animal studies were revealed.(AU)