Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...(AU)

Síndrome do granuloma lepróide canino: relato de caso / Canine leproid Granuloma Syndrome: a case report

A Síndrome Granuloma Lepróide Canino (SGLC) é uma infecção causada por micobactérias atípicas, provenientes do gênero Mycobacterium sp. Possui curso crônico e recidivante, caracterizada por lesões paniculares e granulomatosas, nodulares e firmes, de abrangência epidermodermal e subcutânea com tendência a ulceração, normalmente envolvendo face e pescoço, mas com evidente tendência ao acometimento da região dorsal dos pavilhões auriculares. Uma maior ocorrência da SGLC é observada e, cães de grande porte e pelagem curta, sendo a maioria dos casos representados pela raça Boxer e mestiços. Achados clínicos, citológicos e dermatohistopatológicos subsidiaram o diagnóstico(AU)

Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS) is an ui infection caused by atypical mycobacteria, genus Mycobacterium sp. It has a chronic and relapsing progress, characterized by granulomatous lesions, nodular and firm, with epidermodermal and subcutaneous coverage, tending to ulceration. Usually involves the face and neck, but it tends to affect the dorsal region of the ears. A higher occurrence of CLGS is large dog, and the most of the cases are represented by Boxer and mixed breeds. Clinical, cytological and histopathological supported the presented diagnosis(AU)

Síndrome do granuloma lepróide canino: relato de caso / Canine leproid Granuloma Syndrome: a case report

A Síndrome Granuloma Lepróide Canino (SGLC) é uma infecção causada por micobactérias atípicas, provenientes do gênero Mycobacterium sp. Possui curso crônico e recidivante, caracterizada por lesões paniculares e granulomatosas, nodulares e firmes, de abrangência epidermodermal e subcutânea com tendência a ulceração, normalmente envolvendo face e pescoço, mas com evidente tendência ao acometimento da região dorsal dos pavilhões auriculares. Uma maior ocorrência da SGLC é observada e, cães de grande porte e pelagem curta, sendo a maioria dos casos representados pela raça Boxer e mestiços. Achados clínicos, citológicos e dermatohistopatológicos subsidiaram o diagnóstico

Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS) is an ui infection caused by atypical mycobacteria, genus Mycobacterium sp. It has a chronic and relapsing progress, characterized by granulomatous lesions, nodular and firm, with epidermodermal and subcutaneous coverage, tending to ulceration. Usually involves the face and neck, but it tends to affect the dorsal region of the ears. A higher occurrence of CLGS is large dog, and the most of the cases are represented by Boxer and mixed breeds. Clinical, cytological and histopathological supported the presented diagnosis

Acepromazina versus midazolam associado a cetamina/ xilazina/ butorfanol em coelhos / Acepromazine versus Midazolam associated to Ketamine/Xylazine/Butorphanol in Rabbits

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do midazolam com acepromazina associado com cetamina, xi¬lazina e butorfanol em coelhos submetidos a osteotomia femoral simples e osteossíntese experimental. Foram utilizados 22 coelhos, divididos em dois grupos de 11 animais. Os dois grupos receberam sulfato de atropina, por via intramuscular (IM), 10 minutos antes do protocolo estudado. Grupo (CXBA) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg e Grupo (CXBM) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/ kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (IM), mantidos anestesiados por 60 minutos com associação de cetamina e xilazina quando necessário. Avaliou-se: padrão e freqüência respiratória (FR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (P AM), requerimento anestésico, relaxamento muscular e tempo para recuperação anestésica. Todos os grupos sofreram significativa depressão respiratória. No CXBM cinco coelhos apresentaram apneia respiratória. Não houve diferença significativa sobre FC e P AM entre os grupos, entretanto quatro coelhos do CXBA e um coelho do CXBM obtiveram P AM inferior á 60 mmHg. Não houve diferença significativa sobre o requerimento anestésico entre os grupos. Os dois protocolos proporcionaram um relaxamento muscular ade¬quado. O tempo para recuperação anestésica do CXBA foi de 55 minutos, enquanto que para o CXBM foi de 31 minutos. A acepromazina em dose mínima combinada com outros fármacos estudados produziu efeitos sedativos consideráveis com menor risco de apneia comparado ao midazolam, entretanto com maior tendência à hipotensão e maior tempo para recuperação anestésica(AU)

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam with acepromazine associated with ketamine, xylazine and butorphanol in rabbits submitted to the simple femoral osteotomy and experimental osteosynthese. Were used 22 rabbits, divided in two groups of 11. The two groups received atropine sulfate, by intramuscular road (IM), 10 minutes before the studied protocol. The group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/kg + butor¬phanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazine 0,1 mg/kg (KXBA) and the group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/ kg + butorphanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (KXBM), 1M, maintained anesthetized for 60 minutes with association of ketamine and xylazine when it was necessary. It was evaluated: pattern and breathing frequency (BF), heart frequency (HF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), anesthetic requirement, muscular relaxation and time for anesthetic recovery. All the groups admitted significant breathing depression. In the KXBM five rabbits pre¬sented breathing apnea. There was not significant difference on HF and MAP among the groups; however four rabbits of the KXBA and a rabbit of the KXBM obtained MAP lower than 60 mmHg. Also, there was not significant difference on the anesthetic requirement among the groups. The two protocols provided an appropriate muscular relaxation. The time for anesthetic recovery of the KXBA group was 55 min, while KXBM group was 31min. The acepromazine in minimum dose combined with other pharmacos studied, produced considerable sedative effects with smaller apnea risk compared to the midazolam, however there is a high tendency for hypotension and for time to recovery anesthetic(AU)

Acepromazina versus midazolam associado a cetamina/ xilazina/ butorfanol em coelhos / Acepromazine versus Midazolam associated to Ketamine/Xylazine/Butorphanol in Rabbits

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do midazolam com acepromazina associado com cetamina, xi¬lazina e butorfanol em coelhos submetidos a osteotomia femoral simples e osteossíntese experimental. Foram utilizados 22 coelhos, divididos em dois grupos de 11 animais. Os dois grupos receberam sulfato de atropina, por via intramuscular (IM), 10 minutos antes do protocolo estudado. Grupo (CXBA) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg e Grupo (CXBM) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/ kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (IM), mantidos anestesiados por 60 minutos com associação de cetamina e xilazina quando necessário. Avaliou-se: padrão e freqüência respiratória (FR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (P AM), requerimento anestésico, relaxamento muscular e tempo para recuperação anestésica. Todos os grupos sofreram significativa depressão respiratória. No CXBM cinco coelhos apresentaram apneia respiratória. Não houve diferença significativa sobre FC e P AM entre os grupos, entretanto quatro coelhos do CXBA e um coelho do CXBM obtiveram P AM inferior á 60 mmHg. Não houve diferença significativa sobre o requerimento anestésico entre os grupos. Os dois protocolos proporcionaram um relaxamento muscular ade¬quado. O tempo para recuperação anestésica do CXBA foi de 55 minutos, enquanto que para o CXBM foi de 31 minutos. A acepromazina em dose mínima combinada com outros fármacos estudados produziu efeitos sedativos consideráveis com menor risco de apneia comparado ao midazolam, entretanto com maior tendência à hipotensão e maior tempo para recuperação anestésica

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam with acepromazine associated with ketamine, xylazine and butorphanol in rabbits submitted to the simple femoral osteotomy and experimental osteosynthese. Were used 22 rabbits, divided in two groups of 11. The two groups received atropine sulfate, by intramuscular road (IM), 10 minutes before the studied protocol. The group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/kg + butor¬phanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazine 0,1 mg/kg (KXBA) and the group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/ kg + butorphanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (KXBM), 1M, maintained anesthetized for 60 minutes with association of ketamine and xylazine when it was necessary. It was evaluated: pattern and breathing frequency (BF), heart frequency (HF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), anesthetic requirement, muscular relaxation and time for anesthetic recovery. All the groups admitted significant breathing depression. In the KXBM five rabbits pre¬sented breathing apnea. There was not significant difference on HF and MAP among the groups; however four rabbits of the KXBA and a rabbit of the KXBM obtained MAP lower than 60 mmHg. Also, there was not significant difference on the anesthetic requirement among the groups. The two protocols provided an appropriate muscular relaxation. The time for anesthetic recovery of the KXBA group was 55 min, while KXBM group was 31min. The acepromazine in minimum dose combined with other pharmacos studied, produced considerable sedative effects with smaller apnea risk compared to the midazolam, however there is a high tendency for hypotension and for time to recovery anesthetic

Electrocardiographic assessment of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) under chemical contention with midazolam and propofol / Avaliação eletrocardiográfica de macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) sob contenção química com midazolam e propofol

Studies on electrocardiography in Sapajus apella are restricted in the scientific literature. Nonhuman primates can be sedated with benzodiazepine and after induced and maintained anesthetized with propofol. The objective of the present study was to description of the electrocardiographic findings in 18 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after sedation with midazolam and anesthesia with propofol. The interpretation of the ECG was performed by determining the following parameters: frequency (HR) and heart rhythm, electrical axis () P wave, R wave, T wave, QRS complex, P-R interval, Q-T interval and ST segment. The HR mean was 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, the majority of monkeys had normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with wandering pacemaker. The most commonly observed electrical axis was between 60-90. Intramuscular administration of midazolam, followed by a shortacting general anesthesia with propofol did not cause arrhythmias in electrocardiographic tracing and preserved the FC in the limits considered physiological for to specie. Consequently, there was a longer duration of the Q-T interval compared with previous studies that utilized only ketamine.

Estudos sobre eletrocardiograma (ECG) em Sapajus apella são restritos na literatura científica. Primatas não humanos podem ser sedados com benzodiazepínicos e após induzidos e mantidos anestesiados com propofol. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à descrição dos achados eletrocardiográficos em 18 macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) após sedação com midazolam e anestesia com propofol. A interpretação do eletrocardiograma foi realizada determinando-se os seguintes parâmetros: frequência (FC) e ritmo cardíaco, eixo elétrico (), onda P, onda R, onda T, complexo QRS, intervalo P-R, intervalo Q-T e segmento ST. A FC média foi de 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, a maioria dos macacos tinham ritmo sinusal normal, seguido de ritmo sinusal normal com marcapasso migratório. O eixo elétrico mais comumente observado manteve-se entre 60-90. A administração intramuscular de midazolam, seguida de anestesia geral de curta ação com propofol não causou arritmias no traçado eletrocardiográfico e preservou a FC nos limites considerados fisiológicos para a espécie. Consequentemente, houve uma duração maior do intervalo Q-T comparado com estudos anteriores que utilizaram somente cetamina.

Electrocardiographic assessment of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) under chemical contention with midazolam and propofol / Avaliação eletrocardiográfica de macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) sob contenção química com midazolam e propofol

Studies on electrocardiography in Sapajus apella are restricted in the scientific literature. Nonhuman primates can be sedated with benzodiazepine and after induced and maintained anesthetized with propofol. The objective of the present study was to description of the electrocardiographic findings in 18 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after sedation with midazolam and anesthesia with propofol. The interpretation of the ECG was performed by determining the following parameters: frequency (HR) and heart rhythm, electrical axis () P wave, R wave, T wave, QRS complex, P-R interval, Q-T interval and ST segment. The HR mean was 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, the majority of monkeys had normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with wandering pacemaker. The most commonly observed electrical axis was between 60-90. Intramuscular administration of midazolam, followed by a shortacting general anesthesia with propofol did not cause arrhythmias in electrocardiographic tracing and preserved the FC in the limits considered physiological for to specie. Consequently, there was a longer duration of the Q-T interval compared with previous studies that utilized only ketamine.

Estudos sobre eletrocardiograma (ECG) em Sapajus apella são restritos na literatura científica. Primatas não humanos podem ser sedados com benzodiazepínicos e após induzidos e mantidos anestesiados com propofol. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à descrição dos achados eletrocardiográficos em 18 macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) após sedação com midazolam e anestesia com propofol. A interpretação do eletrocardiograma foi realizada determinando-se os seguintes parâmetros: frequência (FC) e ritmo cardíaco, eixo elétrico (), onda P, onda R, onda T, complexo QRS, intervalo P-R, intervalo Q-T e segmento ST. A FC média foi de 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, a maioria dos macacos tinham ritmo sinusal normal, seguido de ritmo sinusal normal com marcapasso migratório. O eixo elétrico mais comumente observado manteve-se entre 60-90. A administração intramuscular de midazolam, seguida de anestesia geral de curta ação com propofol não causou arritmias no traçado eletrocardiográfico e preservou a FC nos limites considerados fisiológicos para a espécie. Consequentemente, houve uma duração maior do intervalo Q-T comparado com estudos anteriores que utilizaram somente cetamina.