Evaluation of Operating Room Environment Contamination and Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine for Surgical Hand Scrubbing before and after Gowning and Gloving

Background: Human skin is colonized by various species of microorganisms, which makes them difficult to eliminate even with the use of antimicrobial drugs. Real efficacy of the antimicrobial product combined with incorrect administration of antibiotics, in addition to potential environmental contamination, are critical points for the establishment of postoperative infection or absence of it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical antisepsis using a 2% chlorhexidine brush during a surgery, detect operating room environmental contamination, and verify the existence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics most commonly used in Veterinary Medicine.Materials, Methods & Results: In ten cases of the surgical routine, samples were collected concurrently at specific time points throughout 2 h of surgical procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine brush on hand scrubbing of a mock surgeon, swabs were used to sample the surface of the hands before and after gowning and gloving. Samples or their dilutions were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Contamination of the operating room was evaluated using BHI agar plates distributed through the room. After the incubation period, counts and biochemical tests were performed, and an antimicrobial disc susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics most commonly us

Uso da acepromazina, dexmedetomidina e xilazina na sedação em cães: alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas

Foram avaliados os efeitos hematológicos e bioquímicos mediante a sedação com acepromazina, dexmedetomidina ou xilazina em cães. Para tanto, os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 tratamentos denominados GA (acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg), GD (dexmedetomidina 0,01 mg/kg) e GX (xilazina 1 mg/kg) por via i.m. Os parâmetros verificados foram eritrócitos totais, hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), leucócitos totais, proteínas totais, alanina transferase, aspartato transferase, albumina, fosfatase alcalina, gama-glutamil transferase, creatinina e uréia plasmática. Os dados foram coletados nos momentos T0 a T480, sendo T0 previamente a aplicação dos fármacos e o restante dos momentos 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 e 480 minutos após a aplicação dos agentes. Foi observada redução dos eritrócitos totais em todos os momentos comparados ao basal no GA. Houve redução dos valores da Hb e do Ht durante todos os momentos de avaliação comparativamente a T0 no grupo GA e GX. Houve redução significativa dos leucócitos totais nos momentos T30, T60, T120 e T240 no GA comparativamente ao momento T0; já nos grupos GD e GX os valores médios foram inferiores ao T0 nos tempos T30 e T120, respectivamente. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis bioquímicas analisadas entre os tempos e grupos.

Aspectos clínicos e concentração sérica da creatina-quinase e lactato-desidrogenase em cães submetidos à fisioterapia após atrofia muscular induzida

The response of different physiotherapeutic treatment protocols was evaluated in dogs after muscle atrophy induced by joint immobilization for 30 days. Groups were named C group or control, E group (massage, passive range of motion and neuromuscular electrical stimulation), H group (massage, passive range of motion and aquatic therapy in underwater treadmill) and EH group (massage, passive range of motion, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and aquatic therapy in underwater treadmill). It was measured the degree of lameness, range motion, thigh circumference and range of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). According to the results, it was possible to conclude that associated therapeutics modalities such as massage, passive range of motion of the joint, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and aquatic therapy by walking on underwater treadmill accelerate clinical recovery in dogs with induced muscle atrophy.

Avaliou-se a resposta de diferentes protocolos fisioterapêuticos em cães após a indução de atrofia muscular por meio da imobilização do joelho por 30 dias. Os grupos foram denominados grupo C ou controle, grupo E (massagem, movimentação passiva e eletroterapia), grupo H (massagem, movimentação passiva e hidroterapia em esteira aquática) e grupo EH (massagem, movimentação passiva, eletroterapia e hidroterapia em esteira aquática). Foram mensurados os graus de claudicação, arco do movimento, circunferência da coxa e a variação sérica das enzimas creatina-quinase e lactato-desidrogenase. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, foi possível concluir que as modalidades terapêuticas de massagem, movimentação passiva da articulação, estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e hidroterapia por caminhada em esteira aquática aceleram a recuperação clínica em cães com atrofia muscular induzida.

Aspectos clínicos e concentração sérica da creatina-quinase e lactato-desidrogenase em cães submetidos à fisioterapia após atrofia muscular induzida

The response of different physiotherapeutic treatment protocols was evaluated in dogs after muscle atrophy induced by joint immobilization for 30 days. Groups were named C group or control, E group (massage, passive range of motion and neuromuscular electrical stimulation), H group (massage, passive range of motion and aquatic therapy in underwater treadmill) and EH group (massage, passive range of motion, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and aquatic therapy in underwater treadmill). It was measured the degree of lameness, range motion, thigh circumference and range of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). According to the results, it was possible to conclude that associated therapeutics modalities such as massage, passive range of motion of the joint, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and aquatic therapy by walking on underwater treadmill accelerate clinical recovery in dogs with induced muscle atrophy.

Avaliou-se a resposta de diferentes protocolos fisioterapêuticos em cães após a indução de atrofia muscular por meio da imobilização do joelho por 30 dias. Os grupos foram denominados grupo C ou controle, grupo E (massagem, movimentação passiva e eletroterapia), grupo H (massagem, movimentação passiva e hidroterapia em esteira aquática) e grupo EH (massagem, movimentação passiva, eletroterapia e hidroterapia em esteira aquática). Foram mensurados os graus de claudicação, arco do movimento, circunferência da coxa e a variação sérica das enzimas creatina-quinase e lactato-desidrogenase. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, foi possível concluir que as modalidades terapêuticas de massagem, movimentação passiva da articulação, estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e hidroterapia por caminhada em esteira aquática aceleram a recuperação clínica em cães com atrofia muscular induzida.

Uso da acepromazina, dexmedetomidina e xilazina na sedação em cães: alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas

Foram avaliados os efeitos hematológicos e bioquímicos mediante a sedação com acepromazina, dexmedetomidina ou xilazina em cães. Para tanto, os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 tratamentos denominados GA (acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg), GD (dexmedetomidina 0,01 mg/kg) e GX (xilazina 1 mg/kg) por via i.m. Os parâmetros verificados foram eritrócitos totais, hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), leucócitos totais, proteínas totais, alanina transferase, aspartato transferase, albumina, fosfatase alcalina, gama-glutamil transferase, creatinina e uréia plasmática. Os dados foram coletados nos momentos T0 a T480, sendo T0 previamente a aplicação dos fármacos e o restante dos momentos 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 e 480 minutos após a aplicação dos agentes. Foi observada redução dos eritrócitos totais em todos os momentos comparados ao basal no GA. Houve redução dos valores da Hb e do Ht durante todos os momentos de avaliação comparativamente a T0 no grupo GA e GX. Houve redução significativa dos leucócitos totais nos momentos T30, T60, T120 e T240 no GA comparativamente ao momento T0; já nos grupos GD e GX os valores médios foram inferiores ao T0 nos tempos T30 e T120, respectivamente. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis bioquímicas analisadas entre os tempos e grupos.

Evaluation of Operating Room Environment Contamination and Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine for Surgical Hand Scrubbing before and after Gowning and Gloving

Background: Human skin is colonized by various species of microorganisms, which makes them difficult to eliminate even with the use of antimicrobial drugs. Real efficacy of the antimicrobial product combined with incorrect administration of antibiotics, in addition to potential environmental contamination, are critical points for the establishment of postoperative infection or absence of it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical antisepsis using a 2% chlorhexidine brush during a surgery, detect operating room environmental contamination, and verify the existence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics most commonly used in Veterinary Medicine.Materials, Methods & Results: In ten cases of the surgical routine, samples were collected concurrently at specific time points throughout 2 h of surgical procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine brush on hand scrubbing of a mock surgeon, swabs were used to sample the surface of the hands before and after gowning and gloving. Samples or their dilutions were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Contamination of the operating room was evaluated using BHI agar plates distributed through the room. After the incubation period, counts and biochemical tests were performed, and an antimicrobial disc susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics most commonly us

Evaluation of Operating Room Environment Contamination and Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine for Surgical Hand Scrubbing before and after Gowning and Gloving

Background: Human skin is colonized by various species of microorganisms, which makes them difficult to eliminate even with the use of antimicrobial drugs. Real efficacy of the antimicrobial product combined with incorrect administration of antibiotics, in addition to potential environmental contamination, are critical points for the establishment of postoperative infection or absence of it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical antisepsis using a 2% chlorhexidine brush during a surgery, detect operating room environmental contamination, and verify the existence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics most commonly used in Veterinary Medicine.Materials, Methods & Results: In ten cases of the surgical routine, samples were collected concurrently at specific time points throughout 2 h of surgical procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine brush on hand scrubbing of a mock surgeon, swabs were used to sample the surface of the hands before and after gowning and gloving. Samples or their dilutions were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Contamination of the operating room was evaluated using BHI agar plates distributed through the room. After the incubation period, counts and biochemical tests were performed, and an antimicrobial disc susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics most commonly us

Evaluation of Operating Room Environment Contamination and Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine for Surgical Hand Scrubbing before and after Gowning and Gloving

Background: Human skin is colonized by various species of microorganisms, which makes them difficult to eliminate even with the use of antimicrobial drugs. Real efficacy of the antimicrobial product combined with incorrect administration of antibiotics, in addition to potential environmental contamination, are critical points for the establishment of postoperative infection or absence of it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical antisepsis using a 2% chlorhexidine brush during a surgery, detect operating room environmental contamination, and verify the existence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics most commonly used in Veterinary Medicine.Materials, Methods & Results: In ten cases of the surgical routine, samples were collected concurrently at specific time points throughout 2 h of surgical procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine brush on hand scrubbing of a mock surgeon, swabs were used to sample the surface of the hands before and after gowning and gloving. Samples or their dilutions were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Contamination of the operating room was evaluated using BHI agar plates distributed through the room. After the incubation period, counts and biochemical tests were performed, and an antimicrobial disc susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics most commonly us

Evaluation of Operating Room Environment Contamination and Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine for Surgical Hand Scrubbing before and after Gowning and Gloving

Background: Human skin is colonized by various species of microorganisms, which makes them difficult to eliminate even with the use of antimicrobial drugs. Real efficacy of the antimicrobial product combined with incorrect administration of antibiotics, in addition to potential environmental contamination, are critical points for the establishment of postoperative infection or absence of it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical antisepsis using a 2% chlorhexidine brush during a surgery, detect operating room environmental contamination, and verify the existence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics most commonly used in Veterinary Medicine.Materials, Methods & Results: In ten cases of the surgical routine, samples were collected concurrently at specific time points throughout 2 h of surgical procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine brush on hand scrubbing of a mock surgeon, swabs were used to sample the surface of the hands before and after gowning and gloving. Samples or their dilutions were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Contamination of the operating room was evaluated using BHI agar plates distributed through the room. After the incubation period, counts and biochemical tests were performed, and an antimicrobial disc susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics most commonly us

Evaluation of Operating Room Environment Contamination and Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine for Surgical Hand Scrubbing before and after Gowning and Gloving

Background: Human skin is colonized by various species of microorganisms, which makes them difficult to eliminate even with the use of antimicrobial drugs. Real efficacy of the antimicrobial product combined with incorrect administration of antibiotics, in addition to potential environmental contamination, are critical points for the establishment of postoperative infection or absence of it. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical antisepsis using a 2% chlorhexidine brush during a surgery, detect operating room environmental contamination, and verify the existence of bacterial resistance to the antibiotics most commonly used in Veterinary Medicine.Materials, Methods & Results: In ten cases of the surgical routine, samples were collected concurrently at specific time points throughout 2 h of surgical procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine brush on hand scrubbing of a mock surgeon, swabs were used to sample the surface of the hands before and after gowning and gloving. Samples or their dilutions were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Contamination of the operating room was evaluated using BHI agar plates distributed through the room. After the incubation period, counts and biochemical tests were performed, and an antimicrobial disc susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics most commonly us