Analgesia pós-operatória com Fentanil transdérmico ou Metadona intramuscular em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia toracolombar / Postoperative analgesia with transdermal Fentanyl or intramuscular Methadone in dogs submitted to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy

Background: Postoperative care after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs generally includes rest, physical therapy,and analgesics such as opioids. Currently, there is no established standard for the management of postoperative pain inpatients undergoing hemilaminectomy. Ideally, an analgesic protocol should provide adequate pain relief with limited sedation, low adverse effects, and postoperative patient comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate postoperative analgesiausing transdermal fentanyl or intramuscular methadone in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy associatedwith intervertebral disc fenestration (HT) for the treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Materials, Methods & Results: Eight dogs from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a Veterinary TeachingHospital, submitted to HT for the treatment of IVDE, were included. The dogs were randomly distributed into 2 groups ofequal numbers, namely the transdermal fentanyl (FT) group and the intramuscular methadone (IM) group. At the end ofthe surgical procedure, a fentanyl adhesive patch was applied to the animals in the FT group, which remained there for 72h. In the IM group, analgesia was induced by intramuscular administration of methadone at intervals of 6 h until 72 h aftersurgery. The animals were evaluated using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pains Scale (CMPS-SF).Evaluations of physiological parameters, side effects, and pain were performed by 2 assessors who had experience usingthe pain scale and were blinded to the analgesic protocol. Pain evaluations were performed every 2 h (from T4) until 24h after the surgical procedure. Evaluations were performed every 4 h from 24 h to 48 h after the surgical procedure and...

Physical therapy treatment in the functional recovery of dogs submitted to head and femoral neck ostectomy: 20 cases / Tratamento fisioterapêutico na recuperação funcional de cães submetidos à ostectomia da cabeça e colo femoral: 20 casos

Patients who undergo excisional surgical procedures such as femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) require a postoperative rehabilitation plan which includes different physical therapy modalities. Therefore, this retrospective study was done to demonstrate the different physical therapy modalities utilized in 20 dogs who were subjected to FHO, and to provide data on the frequency of physical therapy modalities, the protocol duration and time interval from the commencement of physiotherapy and surgery and the patients functional recovery. All the protocols included the modalities of thermotherapy (heat), massage, passive stretching and passive joint movement. In the initial phase, electrotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound were most often used, while the water treadmill was continued until the treatment was completed. Physiotherapy sessions varied from 3 to 50 in number, and physiotherapy was commenced from day 5 until day 214 post the surgical procedure. The functional recovery of the limb was in the following range: 65% (13/20) satisfactory, 25% (5/20) partially satisfactory and 10% (2/20) unsatisfactory. Physical therapy treatment was thus concluded to be most influential in the functional recovery of the limb, even if was started late.(AU)

Um plano de reabilitação no pós-operatório incluindo diferentes modalidades fisioterapêuticas é de suma importância em pacientes submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos excisionais como a ostectomia da cabeça e colo femoral (OCCF). Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi demonstrar as diferentes modalidades fisioterapêuticas empregadas nos 20 cães após OCCF e fornecer dados referentes à frequência das modalidades fisioterapêuticas, a duração dos protocolos e o tempo entre o início da fisioterapia e a cirurgia e a recuperação funcional do paciente. A termoterapia (calor), a massagem, o alongamento passivo e a movimentação passiva articular foram as modalidades empregadas em todos os protocolos. A eletroterapia e o ultrassom terapêutico foram as mais utilizadas na fase inicial e, a esteira aquática foi mantida até o final do tratamento. O número de sessões de fisioterapia variou de 3 a 50 e o início da fisioterapia de 5 a 214 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Quanto à recuperação funcional do membro, em 65% (13/20) foram satisfatórias, em 25% (5/20) parcialmente satisfatórias e em 10% (2/20) insatisfatórias. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento fisioterapêutico influenciou na recuperação funcional do membro, mesmo que iniciado tardiamente.(AU)

Ventral slot in the clinical recovery of dogs with lateralized compression as a result of cervical intervertebral disc disease: 20 cases (2008-2018) / Fenda (slot) ventral na recuperação clínica de cães com compressões lateralizadas em decorrência da doença do disco intervertebral cervical: 20 casos (2008-2018)

The objective of this study was to verify the clinical recovery of dogs that underwent ventral slot surgical decompression with lateralized compressions of the cervical spinal cord caused by intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Twenty patients were selected in different degrees of neurological dysfunction with definitive diagnosis of lateralized compression by cervical IVDD. Postoperative clinical recovery was assessed in patients who had undergone at least two months of the surgical procedure. There was a satisfactory recovery in 19 dogs (95%) and unsatisfactory recovery in another (5%), showing a significant clinical improvement (p 0.05) in the use of this technique in lateralized compression cases. The ventral slot promotes satisfactory clinical recovery of dogs with lateralized compression of the spinal cord caused by cervical IVDD and may be indicated as a surgical alternative.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a recuperação clínica de cães submetidos a descompressão cirúrgica por fenda ventral em compressões lateralizadas da medula espinhal cervical ocasionada pela doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV). Foram selecionados 20 pacientes em diferentes graus de disfunção neurológica com diagnóstico definitivo de compressões lateralizadas por DDIV cervical. A recuperação clínica pós-operatória foi avaliada nos pacientes decorridos, no mínimo, dois meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Houve recuperação satisfatória em 19 cães (95%) e um insatisfatório (5%), demonstrando melhora clínica significativa (p 0,05) no emprego desta técnica em casos de compressões lateralizadas. A fenda ventral promove recuperação clínica satisfatória de cães com compressões lateralizadas da medula espinhal, ocasionadas pela DDIV cervical, e pode ser indicada como alternativa cirúrgica.(AU)

Fraturas e luxações vertebrais em cães / Vertebral fractures and luxation in dogs

Background: Vertebral fractures and luxations (VFL) are a major cause of neurologic injury in small animals. They aremost commonly associated with severe external trauma from road traffic accidents, aggression, or falls from heights. Therewere few studies concerning VFL, mainly on results of treatments and sequelae. This retrospective work aimed to studypatients with extrinsic trauma in the spinal cord that were treated at the Neurology and Neurosurgery Service of a HigherEducation Institution in Brazil from 2007 to 2018, describing main etiologies, location of lesion, degree of neurologicaldysfunction, treatment, results and sequelae after surgical or conservative therapy.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and nine dogs of various breed and ages were included in this study. Themain etiology of the spinal cord injury in these dogs were fractures and/or dislocations caused by road traffic accidents(66%), followed by interaction with other animals (5.5%). The body region most frequently affected by the lesions were thethoracolumbar segment (T3-L3) of the vertebral spine (52.3%), followed the lumbosacral segment [L4-S3] (38.5%). Thedegrees of the most prevalent neurological dysfunctions for each of the segments were grade V in 73.7% of the dogs withlesions between T3-L3, and grade III in 54.8% of the dogs with lesions in L4-S3. Twenty-one tutors of dogs subjected tosurgery and 20 tutors of dogs that underwent clinical treatment could be contacted by phone. Statistical analysis performedon data from these patients indicated that there was no significant correlation between the motor recovery and the type oftreatment instituted. However, when the degree of motor dysfunction was analyzed in conjunction with recovery, mildergrades were found to be accompanied by the best recovery results.Discussion: Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of damage to the spinal cord, a finding described inother studies on...

Fraturas e luxações vertebrais em cães / Vertebral fractures and luxation in dogs

Background: Vertebral fractures and luxations (VFL) are a major cause of neurologic injury in small animals. They aremost commonly associated with severe external trauma from road traffic accidents, aggression, or falls from heights. Therewere few studies concerning VFL, mainly on results of treatments and sequelae. This retrospective work aimed to studypatients with extrinsic trauma in the spinal cord that were treated at the Neurology and Neurosurgery Service of a HigherEducation Institution in Brazil from 2007 to 2018, describing main etiologies, location of lesion, degree of neurologicaldysfunction, treatment, results and sequelae after surgical or conservative therapy.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and nine dogs of various breed and ages were included in this study. Themain etiology of the spinal cord injury in these dogs were fractures and/or dislocations caused by road traffic accidents(66%), followed by interaction with other animals (5.5%). The body region most frequently affected by the lesions were thethoracolumbar segment (T3-L3) of the vertebral spine (52.3%), followed the lumbosacral segment [L4-S3] (38.5%). Thedegrees of the most prevalent neurological dysfunctions for each of the segments were grade V in 73.7% of the dogs withlesions between T3-L3, and grade III in 54.8% of the dogs with lesions in L4-S3. Twenty-one tutors of dogs subjected tosurgery and 20 tutors of dogs that underwent clinical treatment could be contacted by phone. Statistical analysis performedon data from these patients indicated that there was no significant correlation between the motor recovery and the type oftreatment instituted. However, when the degree of motor dysfunction was analyzed in conjunction with recovery, mildergrades were found to be accompanied by the best recovery results.Discussion: Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of damage to the spinal cord, a finding described inother studies on...(AU)