Resumo
Background: The epidural administration of local anaesthetic agents was advocated for use in any surgical procedure caudal to the diaphragm in dogs but was superior for procedures involving the pelvis, hind limbs, and perineal area. The aim of this study was to determine anaesthetic profiles of bupivacaine (BP) and levobupivacaine (LP) in epidural anaesthesia (EA) and to compare their effects on hemodynamics, blood gases, hematological and biochemical parameters in conscious dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 20 adult male dogs from different breeds referred to our clinics for castration purposes were used and allocated into two groups; 10 dogs in BP and 10 dogs in LP groups. In this study, each animal received a 0.5% of either BP or LP epidurally, (a fixed total volume of 0.2 mL/kg) followed by 0.3 mL saline solution to flush the dead space in the valve and catheter. Throughout the epidural anaesthesia, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and body temperature were monitored. Similarly, during the study, haematological measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th h and biochemical measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 24th h in blood samples were examined. Simultaneously, blood gases, and Na+ and K+ levels in arterial blood samples were measured at 0th, 30th, 60th, 120th and 240th
Background: The epidural administration of local anaesthetic agents was advocated for use in any surgical procedure caudal to the diaphragm in dogs but was superior for procedures involving the pelvis, hind limbs, and perineal area. The aim of this study was to determine anaesthetic profiles of bupivacaine (BP) and levobupivacaine (LP) in epidural anaesthesia (EA) and to compare their effects on hemodynamics, blood gases, hematological and biochemical parameters in conscious dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 20 adult male dogs from different breeds referred to our clinics for castration purposes were used and allocated into two groups; 10 dogs in BP and 10 dogs in LP groups. In this study, each animal received a 0.5% of either BP or LP epidurally, (a fixed total volume of 0.2 mL/kg) followed by 0.3 mL saline solution to flush the dead space in the valve and catheter. Throughout the epidural anaesthesia, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and body temperature were monitored. Similarly, during the study, haematological measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th h and biochemical measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 24th h in blood samples were examined. Simultaneously, blood gases, and Na+ and K+ levels in arterial blood samples were measured at 0th, 30th, 60th, 120th and 240th
Resumo
Background: Reflexes, muscle tonus, heart rate, respiratory frequency and blood pressure are parameters that can be used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. Bispectral index (BIS) was developed with the objective of evaluating quantitatively the sedative and hypnotic effects of anesthetic drugs. It is widely used to assess central nervous system depression levels. The objective of this study was to compare changes in BIS and several vital parameters during general anesthesia achieved with either propofol or isoflurane, following premedication with dexmedetomidine. Materials, Methods & Results: Adult female New Zealand rabbits (Mean ± SD body weight 3.6 ± 0.4 kg) were procured from a commercial source certified for medical experimentation. The animal number in each of the two study groups was four, for a total of eight. The animals were checked before the study to ascertain their good health. The animals, randomly allocated to either of two study groups, were given dexmedetomidine, 20 µg/kg i.v. Induction was realized by means of propofol, 8 mg/kg i.v. in the propofol group (n = 4), and by administration through a glove mask of isoflurane, 4%, in the isoflurane group (n = 4). Anesthesia maintenance was assured by propofol, 0.6 mg/kg/min or 2% isoflurane with oxygen, respectively. Both anesthetic applications were well tolerated by the rabbits. Before premedication (T0), at
Background: Reflexes, muscle tonus, heart rate, respiratory frequency and blood pressure are parameters that can be used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. Bispectral index (BIS) was developed with the objective of evaluating quantitatively the sedative and hypnotic effects of anesthetic drugs. It is widely used to assess central nervous system depression levels. The objective of this study was to compare changes in BIS and several vital parameters during general anesthesia achieved with either propofol or isoflurane, following premedication with dexmedetomidine. Materials, Methods & Results: Adult female New Zealand rabbits (Mean ± SD body weight 3.6 ± 0.4 kg) were procured from a commercial source certified for medical experimentation. The animal number in each of the two study groups was four, for a total of eight. The animals were checked before the study to ascertain their good health. The animals, randomly allocated to either of two study groups, were given dexmedetomidine, 20 µg/kg i.v. Induction was realized by means of propofol, 8 mg/kg i.v. in the propofol group (n = 4), and by administration through a glove mask of isoflurane, 4%, in the isoflurane group (n = 4). Anesthesia maintenance was assured by propofol, 0.6 mg/kg/min or 2% isoflurane with oxygen, respectively. Both anesthetic applications were well tolerated by the rabbits. Before premedication (T0), at
Resumo
Background: The epidural administration of local anaesthetic agents was advocated for use in any surgical procedure caudal to the diaphragm in dogs but was superior for procedures involving the pelvis, hind limbs, and perineal area. The aim of this study was to determine anaesthetic profiles of bupivacaine (BP) and levobupivacaine (LP) in epidural anaesthesia (EA) and to compare their effects on hemodynamics, blood gases, hematological and biochemical parameters in conscious dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 20 adult male dogs from different breeds referred to our clinics for castration purposes were used and allocated into two groups; 10 dogs in BP and 10 dogs in LP groups. In this study, each animal received a 0.5% of either BP or LP epidurally, (a fixed total volume of 0.2 mL/kg) followed by 0.3 mL saline solution to flush the dead space in the valve and catheter. Throughout the epidural anaesthesia, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and body temperature were monitored. Similarly, during the study, haematological measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th h and biochemical measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 24th h in blood samples were examined. Simultaneously, blood gases, and Na+ and K+ levels in arterial blood samples were measured at 0th, 30th, 60th, 120th and 240th
Background: The epidural administration of local anaesthetic agents was advocated for use in any surgical procedure caudal to the diaphragm in dogs but was superior for procedures involving the pelvis, hind limbs, and perineal area. The aim of this study was to determine anaesthetic profiles of bupivacaine (BP) and levobupivacaine (LP) in epidural anaesthesia (EA) and to compare their effects on hemodynamics, blood gases, hematological and biochemical parameters in conscious dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 20 adult male dogs from different breeds referred to our clinics for castration purposes were used and allocated into two groups; 10 dogs in BP and 10 dogs in LP groups. In this study, each animal received a 0.5% of either BP or LP epidurally, (a fixed total volume of 0.2 mL/kg) followed by 0.3 mL saline solution to flush the dead space in the valve and catheter. Throughout the epidural anaesthesia, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and body temperature were monitored. Similarly, during the study, haematological measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th h and biochemical measurements at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 24th h in blood samples were examined. Simultaneously, blood gases, and Na+ and K+ levels in arterial blood samples were measured at 0th, 30th, 60th, 120th and 240th
Resumo
Background: Reflexes, muscle tonus, heart rate, respiratory frequency and blood pressure are parameters that can be used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. Bispectral index (BIS) was developed with the objective of evaluating quantitatively the sedative and hypnotic effects of anesthetic drugs. It is widely used to assess central nervous system depression levels. The objective of this study was to compare changes in BIS and several vital parameters during general anesthesia achieved with either propofol or isoflurane, following premedication with dexmedetomidine. Materials, Methods & Results: Adult female New Zealand rabbits (Mean ± SD body weight 3.6 ± 0.4 kg) were procured from a commercial source certified for medical experimentation. The animal number in each of the two study groups was four, for a total of eight. The animals were checked before the study to ascertain their good health. The animals, randomly allocated to either of two study groups, were given dexmedetomidine, 20 µg/kg i.v. Induction was realized by means of propofol, 8 mg/kg i.v. in the propofol group (n = 4), and by administration through a glove mask of isoflurane, 4%, in the isoflurane group (n = 4). Anesthesia maintenance was assured by propofol, 0.6 mg/kg/min or 2% isoflurane with oxygen, respectively. Both anesthetic applications were well tolerated by the rabbits. Before premedication (T0), at
Background: Reflexes, muscle tonus, heart rate, respiratory frequency and blood pressure are parameters that can be used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. Bispectral index (BIS) was developed with the objective of evaluating quantitatively the sedative and hypnotic effects of anesthetic drugs. It is widely used to assess central nervous system depression levels. The objective of this study was to compare changes in BIS and several vital parameters during general anesthesia achieved with either propofol or isoflurane, following premedication with dexmedetomidine. Materials, Methods & Results: Adult female New Zealand rabbits (Mean ± SD body weight 3.6 ± 0.4 kg) were procured from a commercial source certified for medical experimentation. The animal number in each of the two study groups was four, for a total of eight. The animals were checked before the study to ascertain their good health. The animals, randomly allocated to either of two study groups, were given dexmedetomidine, 20 µg/kg i.v. Induction was realized by means of propofol, 8 mg/kg i.v. in the propofol group (n = 4), and by administration through a glove mask of isoflurane, 4%, in the isoflurane group (n = 4). Anesthesia maintenance was assured by propofol, 0.6 mg/kg/min or 2% isoflurane with oxygen, respectively. Both anesthetic applications were well tolerated by the rabbits. Before premedication (T0), at