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Background: Leptospirosis is considered the most widespread zoonosis worldwide, occurring more frequently in tropical and developing regions. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. in different primate tissues, using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays, taking advantage of the considerable number of necropsies compatible with a diagnosis of leptospirosis in neotropical primates at the Animal Pathology Laboratory (APL) of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: Paraffin-embedded primate tissue samples were selected from necropsy examinations and subjected to IHC. The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used with diaminobenzidine chromogen (DAB) to verify immunostaining. Of the101 primates tested for Leptospira spp., 51.48% were positive; taining was distributed between lung (76.92%), liver (44.23%), and kidney (32.69%) tissue. Analysis of the combined anatomopathological verification data of the studied organs revealed a high frequency of lesions commonly observed in the tissues of animals exposed to the pathogen. For complementary diagnosis, an anti-Leptospira spp. antibody test was performed in primates at the UPF-Zoo, from which a population of the necropsied animals originated. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was utilized, which demonstrated 90.47% positi
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Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of
Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of
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Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
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Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
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Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
Background: Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonotic disease caused by different serovars of Leptospira interrogans, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever. Although the haemorrhagic potential of leptospirosis was noted by Weil (1886) as early as 1886, its pathophysiology is still not clearly elucidated, particularly regarding the cause and mechanisms of bleeding. Studies with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; EC 3.6.1.5; CD39), 5´-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5; CD73) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have demonstrated the involvement of these enzymes in thromboregulation mechanisms, and altered enzymatic activities have been reported in many diseases. Since leptospirosis is a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of hemorrhagic fever, the aim of this study was to evaluate these enzymes activities and parameters of platelet aggregation in platelets from rats experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae during different periods of experimental infection.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, thirty-six adult male rats were divided into two groups: A, as uninfected control (subgroups A1, A2 and A3); and B, infected (subgroups B1, B2 and B3). Group B was inoculated intraperitoneally (Day 0) with 2 x 108 organisms per rat. Blood samples were collected on days 05 (A1 and B1), 10
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos em búfalos de diferentes faixas etárias criados emsistema extensivo no Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizaram-se 45 búfalos, separados em três grupos: grupo 1 (n=12) animais comseis meses de idade; grupo 2 (n=16) animais com 12 meses de idade e grupo 3 (n=17) animais com 24 meses de idade.Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos nos seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: contagem de hemácias,concentração de hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), leucócitos totais, neutrófilos segmentados,eosinófilos, monócitos e fibrinogênio. Os resultados encontrados indicam que existem variações no hemograma de bubalinosconforme a idade analisada. Dessa forma, é necessário que médicos-veterinários tenham conhecimento desses valorespara que esses dados não sejam interpretados como indicativo de doença.
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Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), a hematopoietic system stimulant, is characterized as an accessible medicament for low-income pet owners. The aim of this research is to study the effect of different ND doses in the blood cytological parameters and the quantification and viability of the bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MC), together with the labeling of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells of healthy Wistar rats. Forty eight animals were randomly separated into six different groups of treatment, each composed of eight animals. These groups were divided in: G1 - control group (physiologic solution); G2 - diluent control (only vegetal oily vehicle); G3 - ND 0.42mg kg-1; G4 - ND 1.8mg kg-1; G5 - ND 4.6mg kg-1 and G6 - ND 10.0mg kg-1. The drug was weekly applied for three weeks. The hematologic and medullar analyzed parameters showed no significant difference between the groups, which may have been influenced by the BM conditions or by the applications frequency. According to the results obtained and according to the conditions under which this research was developed, it can be concluded that ND did not affect the blood cytological parameters, quantification and viability of MC and CD34+ labeling in healthy Wistar rats.
O decanoato de nandrolona (DN), um estimulante do sistema hematopoético, caracteriza-se por ser um medicamento acessível aos proprietários de animais com escassos recursos econômicos. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses do DN no hemograma e na quantificação e a viabilidade das células mononucleares (CM) da medula óssea (MO), juntamente com a marcação das células hematopoéticas CD34+ de ratos Wistar saudáveis. Para isso, 48 animais foram separados em seis tratamentos, de forma aleatória, com oito animais cada. Os grupos foram constituídos por: G1 - controle (solução fisiológica); G2 - controle diluente (somente veículo oleoso de origem vegetal); G3 - 0,42mg kg-1 de DN; G4 - 1,8mg kg-1 de DN; G5 - 4,6mg kg-1 de DN; e G6 - 10,0mg kg-1 de DN. O fármaco foi aplicado semanalmente por três semanas. Os parâmetros hematológicos e medulares avaliados não tiveram diferença significativa entre os grupos, o que pode ter sido influenciado pela condição da MO ou pelo intervalo entre as doses. De acordo com os resultados obtidos e nas condições em que esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida, pode-se concluir que o DN não altera o hemograma, a quantificação e a viabilidade das CM e a marcação de CD34+ em ratos wistar saudáveis.
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Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), a hematopoietic system stimulant, is characterized as an accessible medicament for low-income pet owners. The aim of this research is to study the effect of different ND doses in the blood cytological parameters and the quantification and viability of the bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MC), together with the labeling of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells of healthy Wistar rats. Forty eight animals were randomly separated into six different groups of treatment, each composed of eight animals. These groups were divided in: G1 - control group (physiologic solution); G2 - diluent control (only vegetal oily vehicle); G3 - ND 0.42mg kg-1; G4 - ND 1.8mg kg-1; G5 - ND 4.6mg kg-1 and G6 - ND 10.0mg kg-1. The drug was weekly applied for three weeks. The hematologic and medullar analyzed parameters showed no significant difference between the groups, which may have been influenced by the BM conditions or by the applications frequency. According to the results obtained and according to the conditions under which this research was developed, it can be concluded that ND did not affect the blood cytological parameters, quantification and viability of MC and CD34+ labeling in healthy Wistar rats.
O decanoato de nandrolona (DN), um estimulante do sistema hematopoético, caracteriza-se por ser um medicamento acessível aos proprietários de animais com escassos recursos econômicos. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses do DN no hemograma e na quantificação e a viabilidade das células mononucleares (CM) da medula óssea (MO), juntamente com a marcação das células hematopoéticas CD34+ de ratos Wistar saudáveis. Para isso, 48 animais foram separados em seis tratamentos, de forma aleatória, com oito animais cada. Os grupos foram constituídos por: G1 - controle (solução fisiológica); G2 - controle diluente (somente veículo oleoso de origem vegetal); G3 - 0,42mg kg-1 de DN; G4 - 1,8mg kg-1 de DN; G5 - 4,6mg kg-1 de DN; e G6 - 10,0mg kg-1 de DN. O fármaco foi aplicado semanalmente por três semanas. Os parâmetros hematológicos e medulares avaliados não tiveram diferença significativa entre os grupos, o que pode ter sido influenciado pela condição da MO ou pelo intervalo entre as doses. De acordo com os resultados obtidos e nas condições em que esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida, pode-se concluir que o DN não altera o hemograma, a quantificação e a viabilidade das CM e a marcação de CD34+ em ratos wistar saudáveis.
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This study aimed at reporting the occurrence of Trypanosoma vivax in southern Brazil. The protozoan was diagnosed through peripheral blood smear evaluation of a bovine and confirmed by the evaluation of the trypomastigote forms morphology and by the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The animal showed clinical signs similar to the nervous form of the infection by T. vivax. Negative results for T. vivax were found in other bovines grazing in the same paddock. This is the first report of T. vivax in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and in the southern region of Brazil.
Este estudo teve o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência de Trypanosoma vivax no Sul do Brasil. O protozoário foi diagnosticado em esfregaço sanguíneo de um bovino e a identificação baseada na morfologia das formas tripomastigotas e confirmada pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerases (PCR). O animal infectado apresentou sintomatologia compatível com a forma nervosa da infecção por T. vivax. Outros bovinos que compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente apresentaram resultados negativos para T. vivax por PCR. Este é o primeiro registro de T. vivax no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e na região Sul do Brasil.
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This study aimed at reporting the occurrence of Trypanosoma vivax in southern Brazil. The protozoan was diagnosed through peripheral blood smear evaluation of a bovine and confirmed by the evaluation of the trypomastigote forms morphology and by the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The animal showed clinical signs similar to the nervous form of the infection by T. vivax. Negative results for T. vivax were found in other bovines grazing in the same paddock. This is the first report of T. vivax in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and in the southern region of Brazil.
Este estudo teve o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência de Trypanosoma vivax no Sul do Brasil. O protozoário foi diagnosticado em esfregaço sanguíneo de um bovino e a identificação baseada na morfologia das formas tripomastigotas e confirmada pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerases (PCR). O animal infectado apresentou sintomatologia compatível com a forma nervosa da infecção por T. vivax. Outros bovinos que compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente apresentaram resultados negativos para T. vivax por PCR. Este é o primeiro registro de T. vivax no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e na região Sul do Brasil.
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This study aimed at reporting the occurrence of Trypanosoma vivax in southern Brazil. The protozoan was diagnosed through peripheral blood smear evaluation of a bovine and confirmed by the evaluation of the trypomastigote forms morphology and by the Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The animal showed clinical signs similar to the nervous form of the infection by T. vivax. Negative results for T. vivax were found in other bovines grazing in the same paddock. This is the first report of T. vivax in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and in the southern region of Brazil.
Este estudo teve o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência de Trypanosoma vivax no Sul do Brasil. O protozoário foi diagnosticado em esfregaço sanguíneo de um bovino e a identificação baseada na morfologia das formas tripomastigotas e confirmada pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerases (PCR). O animal infectado apresentou sintomatologia compatível com a forma nervosa da infecção por T. vivax. Outros bovinos que compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente apresentaram resultados negativos para T. vivax por PCR. Este é o primeiro registro de T. vivax no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e na região Sul do Brasil.
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This work had the aim to evaluate the pre-patent period and the evolution of the parasitemy of rabbits experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Male rabbits from two to six months were divided in four groups of three animals each (A, B, C, D). Group A, B and C rabbits were infected with T. evansi and evaluated daily through peripheral blood smears. The daily analyses showed a pre-patent period in the infected groups (A, B and C) of six, seven and 11 days, respectively. Animals from group A, infected by T. evansi and Eimeria spp., had a longevity of 56 days after the start of the experiment. The animals from group B which were infected by T. evansi and received coccidiostatic treatment presented longevity similar to group C, that were formed by rabbits parasitized only by T. evansi. In both groups the parasitemy had irregular peaks ranging from zero to five trypomastigotes/field until 89 days after the inoculation, disappearing of the blood circulation after 90 days. Rabbits from group D, control group, were not infected. Animals from groups B, C and D were sacrificed 120 days after the start of the experiment. Key words: Parasitemy, rabbit, Trypanosoma evansi.
Avaliou-se o período pré-patente e a evolução da parasitemia de coelhos infectados experimentalmente por Trypanosoma evansi. Dividiram-se coelhos machos, com idade entre dois a seis meses, em quatro grupos (A, B, C, D) com três animais cada. Inocularam-se os coelhos dos grupos A, B e C com T. evansi e procedeu-se à avaliação diária, mediante esfregaços sangüíneos periféricos, observando-se que o período pré-patente nos grupos infectados (A, B e C) foi de seis, sete e onze dias, respectivamente. Infectaram-se os animais do grupo A com T. evansi e Eimeria spp. e eles tiveram uma longevidade de 56 dias após o início do trabalho. Já os animais do grupo B, infectados com T. evansi e tratados com coccidiostático, apresentaram longevidade semelhante ao grupo C, que continha coelhos parasitados somente por T. evansi. Nesses dois grupos a parasitemia manteve-se com picos irregulares em variações de zero a cinco tripomastigotas/campo por até 89 dias após a inoculação, desaparecendo da circulação após 90 dias. Os coelhos do grupo D, grupo-controle, não foram infectados. Os animais dos grupos B, C e D foram sacrificados após 120 dias do início do experimento. Palavras-chaveS: Coelho, parasitemia, Trypanosoma evansi.
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Trypanosoma evansi is a flagellate protozoan that causes a disease characterized by high parasitemia and acute anemia in various species. This study was aimed at evaluating and establishing a relationship between different parasitemia levels and eritropoyesis in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) experimentally infected by T. evansi. Forty two animals were used. In 36 animals parasites were inoculated by intraperitoneal blood injection of 0.2ml containing 2.5x104 parasites. Six non-inoculated animals were used as controls. Parasitemia was evaluated every 12 hours and the animals were allocated in groups according to parasitemia levels. Then they were classified according to average number of parasites in 10 random homogeneous fields, Group A: control (not-inoculated); B: rats with 1-10 trypanosomes/field; C: 11-20 trypanosomes/field; D: 21-30 trypanosomes/field; E: 31-40 trypanosomes/field; F: 41-50 trypanosomes/field; G: more then 51. Blood samples were taken when the animals reached the correspondent group number of parasites. Hemogram and iron levels were evaluated and a bone marrow cytology was performed to detect the myeloid:erythroid ratio. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction on red blood cells count and hematocrit from group E on and also hemoglobin on groups F and G. The myeloid:erythroid ratio reduced from 0.7 to 0.6 on groups F and G (P 0.005). Iron levels alterations were not detected. These data showed that Wistar rats with parasitemia higher then 31 parasites per field have an acute anemia associated to a compensatory hematopoietic activity.
O Trypanosoma evansi é um protozoário hemoflagelado que causa, em várias espécies, uma doença caracterizada por altos níveis de parasitemia, com rápido desenvolvimento de anemia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre o grau de parasitemia e a alteração na eritropoese de ratos (Rattus norvegicus) da linhagem Wistar infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi. Foram utilizados 42 ratos, dos quais 36 foram inoculados pela via intraperitoneal com 0,2ml de sangue, contendo 2,5 x 104 parasitas. Seis ratos não-inoculados foram utilizados como controles. Após inoculação, a parasitemia foi avaliada a cada 12h. Os grupos para análise foram estipulados de acordo com a média de tripanossomas em 10 campos homogêneos focados aleatoriamente, sendo: A, controle; B, animais que apresentaram um grau de parasitemia entre 1-10 tripanossomas/campo; C, ratos com 11-20 tripanossomas/campo; D, ratos com 21-30 tripanossomas/campo; E, ratos com 31-40 tripanossomas/campo; F, 41-50 tripanossomas/campo; e G, ratos com mais de 51 tripanossomas/campo. Quando os animais apresentaram o número de protozoários equivalente ao grupo, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realização de hemograma e dosagem de ferro, e foi realizada citologia de medula óssea para avaliação da relação mielóide:eritróide. A análise estatística mostrou redução significativa das hemácias e do hematócrito a partir de 31 tripanossomas/campo (grupos E, F e G; P 0,005) e a redução de hemoglobina ocorreu a partir de 41 tripanossomas/campo (grupos F e G; P 0,005). A relação mielóide:eritróide foi reduzida de 0,7 para 0,6 a partir de 41 tripanossomas/campo (grupos F e G; P 0,005). Não foram detectadas variações na concentração de ferro. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que ratos com parasitemia acima de 31 tripanossomas por campo desenvolvem uma anemia aguda, com um aumento compensatório na atividade hematopoética.
Resumo
Trypanosoma evansi is a flagellate protozoan that causes a disease characterized by high parasitemia and acute anemia in various species. This study was aimed at evaluating and establishing a relationship between different parasitemia levels and eritropoyesis in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) experimentally infected by T. evansi. Forty two animals were used. In 36 animals parasites were inoculated by intraperitoneal blood injection of 0.2ml containing 2.5x104 parasites. Six non-inoculated animals were used as controls. Parasitemia was evaluated every 12 hours and the animals were allocated in groups according to parasitemia levels. Then they were classified according to average number of parasites in 10 random homogeneous fields, Group A: control (not-inoculated); B: rats with 1-10 trypanosomes/field; C: 11-20 trypanosomes/field; D: 21-30 trypanosomes/field; E: 31-40 trypanosomes/field; F: 41-50 trypanosomes/field; G: more then 51. Blood samples were taken when the animals reached the correspondent group number of parasites. Hemogram and iron levels were evaluated and a bone marrow cytology was performed to detect the myeloid:erythroid ratio. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction on red blood cells count and hematocrit from group E on and also hemoglobin on groups F and G. The myeloid:erythroid ratio reduced from 0.7 to 0.6 on groups F and G (P 0.005). Iron levels alterations were not detected. These data showed that Wistar rats with parasitemia higher then 31 parasites per field have an acute anemia associated to a compensatory hematopoietic activity.
O Trypanosoma evansi é um protozoário hemoflagelado que causa, em várias espécies, uma doença caracterizada por altos níveis de parasitemia, com rápido desenvolvimento de anemia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre o grau de parasitemia e a alteração na eritropoese de ratos (Rattus norvegicus) da linhagem Wistar infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi. Foram utilizados 42 ratos, dos quais 36 foram inoculados pela via intraperitoneal com 0,2ml de sangue, contendo 2,5 x 104 parasitas. Seis ratos não-inoculados foram utilizados como controles. Após inoculação, a parasitemia foi avaliada a cada 12h. Os grupos para análise foram estipulados de acordo com a média de tripanossomas em 10 campos homogêneos focados aleatoriamente, sendo: A, controle; B, animais que apresentaram um grau de parasitemia entre 1-10 tripanossomas/campo; C, ratos com 11-20 tripanossomas/campo; D, ratos com 21-30 tripanossomas/campo; E, ratos com 31-40 tripanossomas/campo; F, 41-50 tripanossomas/campo; e G, ratos com mais de 51 tripanossomas/campo. Quando os animais apresentaram o número de protozoários equivalente ao grupo, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realização de hemograma e dosagem de ferro, e foi realizada citologia de medula óssea para avaliação da relação mielóide:eritróide. A análise estatística mostrou redução significativa das hemácias e do hematócrito a partir de 31 tripanossomas/campo (grupos E, F e G; P 0,005) e a redução de hemoglobina ocorreu a partir de 41 tripanossomas/campo (grupos F e G; P 0,005). A relação mielóide:eritróide foi reduzida de 0,7 para 0,6 a partir de 41 tripanossomas/campo (grupos F e G; P 0,005). Não foram detectadas variações na concentração de ferro. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que ratos com parasitemia acima de 31 tripanossomas por campo desenvolvem uma anemia aguda, com um aumento compensatório na atividade hematopoética.
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This work had the aim to evaluate the pre-patent period and the evolution of the parasitemy of rabbits experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Male rabbits from two to six months were divided in four groups of three animals each (A, B, C, D). Group A, B and C rabbits were infected with T. evansi and evaluated daily through peripheral blood smears. The daily analyses showed a pre-patent period in the infected groups (A, B and C) of six, seven and 11 days, respectively. Animals from group A, infected by T. evansi and Eimeria spp., had a longevity of 56 days after the start of the experiment. The animals from group B which were infected by T. evansi and received coccidiostatic treatment presented longevity similar to group C, that were formed by rabbits parasitized only by T. evansi. In both groups the parasitemy had irregular peaks ranging from zero to five trypomastigotes/field until 89 days after the inoculation, disappearing of the blood circulation after 90 days. Rabbits from group D, control group, were not infected. Animals from groups B, C and D were sacrificed 120 days after the start of the experiment. Key words: Parasitemy, rabbit, Trypanosoma evansi.
Avaliou-se o período pré-patente e a evolução da parasitemia de coelhos infectados experimentalmente por Trypanosoma evansi. Dividiram-se coelhos machos, com idade entre dois a seis meses, em quatro grupos (A, B, C, D) com três animais cada. Inocularam-se os coelhos dos grupos A, B e C com T. evansi e procedeu-se à avaliação diária, mediante esfregaços sangüíneos periféricos, observando-se que o período pré-patente nos grupos infectados (A, B e C) foi de seis, sete e onze dias, respectivamente. Infectaram-se os animais do grupo A com T. evansi e Eimeria spp. e eles tiveram uma longevidade de 56 dias após o início do trabalho. Já os animais do grupo B, infectados com T. evansi e tratados com coccidiostático, apresentaram longevidade semelhante ao grupo C, que continha coelhos parasitados somente por T. evansi. Nesses dois grupos a parasitemia manteve-se com picos irregulares em variações de zero a cinco tripomastigotas/campo por até 89 dias após a inoculação, desaparecendo da circulação após 90 dias. Os coelhos do grupo D, grupo-controle, não foram infectados. Os animais dos grupos B, C e D foram sacrificados após 120 dias do início do experimento. Palavras-chaveS: Coelho, parasitemia, Trypanosoma evansi.
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Background: Leptospirosis is considered the most widespread zoonosis worldwide, occurring more frequently in tropical and developing regions. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. in different primate tissues, using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays, taking advantage of the considerable number of necropsies compatible with a diagnosis of leptospirosis in neotropical primates at the Animal Pathology Laboratory (APL) of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: Paraffin-embedded primate tissue samples were selected from necropsy examinations and subjected to IHC. The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used with diaminobenzidine chromogen (DAB) to verify immunostaining. Of the101 primates tested for Leptospira spp., 51.48% were positive; taining was distributed between lung (76.92%), liver (44.23%), and kidney (32.69%) tissue. Analysis of the combined anatomopathological verification data of the studied organs revealed a high frequency of lesions commonly observed in the tissues of animals exposed to the pathogen. For complementary diagnosis, an anti-Leptospira spp. antibody test was performed in primates at the UPF-Zoo, from which a population of the necropsied animals originated. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was utilized, which demonstrated 90.47% positi
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Background: : : : Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a protozoan which causes trypanosomosis in livestock in many countries of Southeast Asia, Africa and South America. Patterns of disease vary from acute epidemics with high case-fatality rates to subclinical and/or chronic disease in endemic animal populations. It is a problem of great economic importance due to the death of sick animals and high cost of treatment. This article aims to review the outbreaks of the infection by T. evansi in horses that occurred in southern Brazil. Review: These outbreaks were discussed in terms of epidemiology, clinical signs, laboratory tests, pathological findings, diagnosis and treatment by addressing the differences between the cases occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and in other Brazilian states. The outbreaks due to T. evansi in livestock animals are endemic in warm-climate areas. At the Rio Grande do Sul state, most of the equine trypanosomosis occurs in the summer. This can be easily explained by the high number of bloodsucking insects, which are responsible for the mechanical transmission of the flagellate among the animals. Clinical signs such as progressive weight loss, lethargy, incoordination, instability, atrophy and paralysis of the hind limbs, difficulty in standing and walking, subcutaneous edema and abortion are often reported in T. evansi-infected equines. Anemia is
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Trypanosoma evansi is a protozoan which causes trypanosomosis in livestock in many countries of Southeast Asia, Africa and South America. We chose to use cats in our study due to the facility to handle the animals and the lack of studies involving the trypanosomosis in this species. The aim of this study was to analyze the leukogram of domestic cats experimentally infected with T. evansi and its correlation to the parasitemia. Thirteen animals were divided into two groups. Seven animals were infected with T. evansi and six were used as negative control. Parasitemia was estimated daily by microscopic examination of smears. Blood samples for leukogram were collected at days 0, 7, 21, 35 and 49. The parasitemia peak was recorded at day five post-inoculation. Thereafter, irregular waves of parasitemia were observed, ranging from zero to three trypomastigotes per microscopic field. Increased number of total leukocytes (day 49), monocytes (days 7, 35 and 49), segmented (day 49) and nonsegmented neuthrophils (day 35), and decreased number of lymphocytes and eosinophils (days 21, 35 and 49) were observed (P 0.05). Cats infected with T. evansi have leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia and eosinopenia. However, no relationship between parasitemia peaks and white blood cells was observed, except by the monocytes in day 7.
Trypanosoma evansi é um protozoário que causa a tripanossomose em animais de muitos países do sudeste da Ásia, África e América do Sul. Optamos por utilizar os gatos em nosso estudo, devido à facilidade de manipular os animais e a falta de estudos envolvendo a tripanossomose nesta espécie. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar alterações no leucograma de felinos domésticos infectados experimentalmente por T. evansi e relacionar com a parasitemia. Foram utilizados 13 gatos, divididos em dois grupos. Sete deles foram infectados com T. evansi e o restante foram utilizados como grupo controle negativo. Os animais foram monitorados diariamente através de esfregaço sanguíneo. Nos dias 0, 7, 21, 35 e 49 de experimento, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação do leucograma. O pico de parasitemia ocorreu cinco dias após inoculação, após este período o número de parasitos reduziu e manteve-se com picos irregulares, variando de zero a três tripomastigotas/campo. Na pesquisa foi verificado aumento (P 0,05) do número de leucócitos totais (dia 49), bastonetes (dia 35), neutrofilos segmentados (dia 49) e monócitos (dias 7, 35 e 49) e redução de linfocitos e eosinofilos (dias 21, 35 e 49). Gatos infectados com T. evansi apresentam leucocitose, neutrofilia, monocitose, linfopenia e eosinopenia. Porém, não foi verificado relação entre os picos de parasitemia e alteraç
Resumo
Background: : : : Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is a protozoan which causes trypanosomosis in livestock in many countries of Southeast Asia, Africa and South America. Patterns of disease vary from acute epidemics with high case-fatality rates to subclinical and/or chronic disease in endemic animal populations. It is a problem of great economic importance due to the death of sick animals and high cost of treatment. This article aims to review the outbreaks of the infection by T. evansi in horses that occurred in southern Brazil. Review: These outbreaks were discussed in terms of epidemiology, clinical signs, laboratory tests, pathological findings, diagnosis and treatment by addressing the differences between the cases occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and in other Brazilian states. The outbreaks due to T. evansi in livestock animals are endemic in warm-climate areas. At the Rio Grande do Sul state, most of the equine trypanosomosis occurs in the summer. This can be easily explained by the high number of bloodsucking insects, which are responsible for the mechanical transmission of the flagellate among the animals. Clinical signs such as progressive weight loss, lethargy, incoordination, instability, atrophy and paralysis of the hind limbs, difficulty in standing and walking, subcutaneous edema and abortion are often reported in T. evansi-infected equines. Anemia is
Resumo
Background: Leptospirosis is considered the most widespread zoonosis worldwide, occurring more frequently in tropical and developing regions. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. in different primate tissues, using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays, taking advantage of the considerable number of necropsies compatible with a diagnosis of leptospirosis in neotropical primates at the Animal Pathology Laboratory (APL) of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: Paraffin-embedded primate tissue samples were selected from necropsy examinations and subjected to IHC. The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used with diaminobenzidine chromogen (DAB) to verify immunostaining. Of the101 primates tested for Leptospira spp., 51.48% were positive; taining was distributed between lung (76.92%), liver (44.23%), and kidney (32.69%) tissue. Analysis of the combined anatomopathological verification data of the studied organs revealed a high frequency of lesions commonly observed in the tissues of animals exposed to the pathogen. For complementary diagnosis, an anti-Leptospira spp. antibody test was performed in primates at the UPF-Zoo, from which a population of the necropsied animals originated. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was utilized, which demonstrated 90.47% positi