Performance, ingestive behavior and carcass traits of lambs fed rations containing soybean cake

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, ingestive behavior and carcass traits of crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs fed rations containing soybean cake. Twenty-four lambs (4 months of age and 24.3 ± 3.1 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. Treatments were the inclusion of 50, 100 or 150 g kg-1 of soybean cake in the ration, on a DM basis, and a control diet without this ingredient. Rations were offered ad libitum for 75 days and the lambs were slaughtered at 35 to 40 kg BW. Dry matter intake reduced linearly and the average daily gain had a quadratic response to the soybean cake levels, also decreasing with the addition of this ingredient. The time spent feeding increased and the idle time decreased linearly with the soybean cake levels, whereas the time spent in rumination was not affected. Hot and cold carcass weights decreased linearly with the addition of this ingredient. The addition of 50 to 150 g kg DM-1 of soybean cake to the ration for lambs is not recommended due to reduced animal performance, which may compromise the profitability of sheep farmers.(AU)

Performance, ingestive behavior and carcass traits of lambs fed rations containing soybean cake

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, ingestive behavior and carcass traits of crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs fed rations containing soybean cake. Twenty-four lambs (4 months of age and 24.3 ± 3.1 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. Treatments were the inclusion of 50, 100 or 150 g kg-1 of soybean cake in the ration, on a DM basis, and a control diet without this ingredient. Rations were offered ad libitum for 75 days and the lambs were slaughtered at 35 to 40 kg BW. Dry matter intake reduced linearly and the average daily gain had a quadratic response to the soybean cake levels, also decreasing with the addition of this ingredient. The time spent feeding increased and the idle time decreased linearly with the soybean cake levels, whereas the time spent in rumination was not affected. Hot and cold carcass weights decreased linearly with the addition of this ingredient. The addition of 50 to 150 g kg DM-1 of soybean cake to the ration for lambs is not recommended due to reduced animal performance, which may compromise the profitability of sheep farmers.

Nutritional value and physical and chemical characteristics of white mulberry tree using different conservation methods for ruminant feed / Valor nutricional e características físico-químicas da amoreira branca sob diferentes formas de conservação para alimentação de ruminantes

This study was carried out to evaluate the white mulberry tree (Morus alba) as a feedstuff for ruminantsin natura, as hay and as silage. A completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicateswas used, where the treatments were five types of mulberry forage: (1) in natura after cutting; (2) hay;(3) silage of mulberry in natura; (4) silage of wilted mulberry and (5) silage of mulberry with groundear corn. The content of crude protein (CP) did not differ between the silages (average of 19.03% ofdry matter - DM). The CP content of the silages was higher than in mulberry hay (15.26% DM) andsimilar to mulberry after cutting (17.00% DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content did not differbetween the silages (34.84% DM on average), but the NDF of silage with ear corn was lower than themulberry hay (33.77 vs. 39.36% DM). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content did not differ betweensilages and mulberry hay (30.66% DM on average). The lowest value for ADF was observed in themulberry after cutting (26.06% DM). The aerobic stability of the silages was not broken during theseven days of aerobic exposure. The pH of silage of mulberry in natura was similar to silage of wiltedmulberry (4.80 on average), while the silage with ear corn showed a lower pH value (4.58) compared tothe other silages. The buffering capacity (BC) did not differ between the silage with ear corn and silageof wilted mulberry (84.91 meq 100 g DM-1 on average), while a lower value was observed for silageof mulberry in natura (56.69 meq 100 g DM-1). The highest value for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) wasdemonstrated in the silage of mulberry in natura (13.08% total N), and the lowest values were observedin the silage with ear corn and silage of wilted mulberry (7.49 and 9.58% total N, respectively)...

Objetivou-se por meio deste estudo verificar a viabilidade do uso da amoreira branca (Morus alba) comoforrageira na alimentação de ruminantes sob as formas in natura, de feno e de silagem. O delineamentoexperimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, onde ostratamentos consistiram em cinco formas de utilização da amoreira como forrageira: (1) in natura sobcorte; (2) feno; (3) silagem de amoreira in natura; (4) silagem de amoreira pré-murchada e (5) silagemde amoreira com adição de milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS). Não houve diferençano teor de proteína bruta (PB) entre as silagens (19,03% da MS). Os teores de PB das silagens forammaiores que do feno de amoreira (15,26% da MS) e semelhantes ao da amoreira in natura (17,00% daMS). O teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi semelhante entre as silagens (média de 34,84%da MS), porém, o teor de FDN da silagem com MDPS foi menor que o do feno (33,77 vs. 39,36% daMS). O teor de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) foi semelhante entre as silagens e o feno de amoreira(30,66% da MS). O menor valor de FDA foi observado na amoreira in natura (26,06% da MS). Nãohouve quebra da estabilidade aeróbia das silagens no período de sete dias de aerobiose. Os valores de pHforam equivalentes entre as silagens de amoreira in natura e pré-murchada (média de 4,80). A silagemcom MDPS apresentou menor valor de pH que as demais silagens (4,58). A capacidade tampão (CT)foi semelhante para as silagens de amoreira com MDPS e pré-murchada (média de 84,91 meq 100 g deMS-1). O menor valor dessa variável foi encontrado na silagem de amoreira in natura (56,69 meq 100 gde MS-1). O maior teor de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) foi verificado na silagem de amoreira in natura(13,08% do N total), enquanto nas silagens de amoreira pré-murchada e com MDPS os teores de N-NH3foram baixos (7,49 e 9,58% do N total)...

Nutritional value and physical and chemical characteristics of white mulberry tree using different conservation methods for ruminant feed / Valor nutricional e características físico-químicas da amoreira branca sob diferentes formas de conservação para alimentação de ruminantes

This study was carried out to evaluate the white mulberry tree (Morus alba) as a feedstuff for ruminantsin natura, as hay and as silage. A completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicateswas used, where the treatments were five types of mulberry forage: (1) in natura after cutting; (2) hay;(3) silage of mulberry in natura; (4) silage of wilted mulberry and (5) silage of mulberry with groundear corn. The content of crude protein (CP) did not differ between the silages (average of 19.03% ofdry matter - DM). The CP content of the silages was higher than in mulberry hay (15.26% DM) andsimilar to mulberry after cutting (17.00% DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content did not differbetween the silages (34.84% DM on average), but the NDF of silage with ear corn was lower than themulberry hay (33.77 vs. 39.36% DM). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content did not differ betweensilages and mulberry hay (30.66% DM on average). The lowest value for ADF was observed in themulberry after cutting (26.06% DM). The aerobic stability of the silages was not broken during theseven days of aerobic exposure. The pH of silage of mulberry in natura was similar to silage of wiltedmulberry (4.80 on average), while the silage with ear corn showed a lower pH value (4.58) compared tothe other silages. The buffering capacity (BC) did not differ between the silage with ear corn and silageof wilted mulberry (84.91 meq 100 g DM-1 on average), while a lower value was observed for silageof mulberry in natura (56.69 meq 100 g DM-1). The highest value for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) wasdemonstrated in the silage of mulberry in natura (13.08% total N), and the lowest values were observedin the silage with ear corn and silage of wilted mulberry (7.49 and 9.58% total N, respectively)...(AU)

Objetivou-se por meio deste estudo verificar a viabilidade do uso da amoreira branca (Morus alba) comoforrageira na alimentação de ruminantes sob as formas in natura, de feno e de silagem. O delineamentoexperimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, onde ostratamentos consistiram em cinco formas de utilização da amoreira como forrageira: (1) in natura sobcorte; (2) feno; (3) silagem de amoreira in natura; (4) silagem de amoreira pré-murchada e (5) silagemde amoreira com adição de milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS). Não houve diferençano teor de proteína bruta (PB) entre as silagens (19,03% da MS). Os teores de PB das silagens forammaiores que do feno de amoreira (15,26% da MS) e semelhantes ao da amoreira in natura (17,00% daMS). O teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi semelhante entre as silagens (média de 34,84%da MS), porém, o teor de FDN da silagem com MDPS foi menor que o do feno (33,77 vs. 39,36% daMS). O teor de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) foi semelhante entre as silagens e o feno de amoreira(30,66% da MS). O menor valor de FDA foi observado na amoreira in natura (26,06% da MS). Nãohouve quebra da estabilidade aeróbia das silagens no período de sete dias de aerobiose. Os valores de pHforam equivalentes entre as silagens de amoreira in natura e pré-murchada (média de 4,80). A silagemcom MDPS apresentou menor valor de pH que as demais silagens (4,58). A capacidade tampão (CT)foi semelhante para as silagens de amoreira com MDPS e pré-murchada (média de 84,91 meq 100 g deMS-1). O menor valor dessa variável foi encontrado na silagem de amoreira in natura (56,69 meq 100 gde MS-1). O maior teor de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) foi verificado na silagem de amoreira in natura(13,08% do N total), enquanto nas silagens de amoreira pré-murchada e com MDPS os teores de N-NH3foram baixos (7,49 e 9,58% do N total)...(AU)

Carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of young ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim bulls fed rations with three concentrate contents / Características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de tourinhos ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim alimentados com rações contendo três teores de concentrado

Improving the quality and energy content of rations increases performance in feedlot cattle, resulting in higher weight at slaughter, better carcass quality and a higher yield of non-carcass components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrate content in the ration on the carcass traits and weight of non-carcass components of young bulls finished in a feedlot. Eighteen young crossbred ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim bulls were used, with an average body weight (BW) of 278 kg and 12 months of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replicates, where the treatments were the contents of 0.71, 0.97 and 1.24% BW day-1 of concentrate in the ration, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Corn silage was used as roughage and was provided ad libitum during the experiment. The young bulls were kept in the feedlot for 168 days and slaughtered at 17 months of age. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the slaughter weight (SW) and hot carcass weight (HCW), which increased from 433 to 485 kg and from 248 to 280 kg between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. This represented an increase of 9.87 kg in SW and 6.16 kg in HCW for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration. The hot carcass yield, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness and the proportions of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass were not affected by the concentrate content and showed mean values of 57.3%, 79.6 cm2, 3.20 mm, 14.88%, 65.21% and 20.67%, respectively. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the carcass temperature after cooling, which increased from 8.1 to 9.0 oC between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. An increase of 0.16 oC in the post-cooling carcass temperature for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration was observed.(AU)

A melhoria da qualidade e do aporte energético da ração proporciona alto desempenho aos bovinos confinados, resultando em elevado peso ao abate, melhor qualidade da carcaça e alto rendimento dos componentes não-carcaça. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência do aumento do teor de concentrado da ração nas características de carcaça e no peso de componentes não-carcaça de tourinhos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 18 tourinhos mestiços ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim, que iniciaram o experimento com 278 kg de peso corporal (PC) e 12 meses de idade, em média. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições, em que os tratamentos foram os teores de 0,71; 0,97 e 1,24% PC dia-1 de concentrado na ração, em base de matéria seca (MS). A silagem de milho foi utilizada como volumoso e fornecida à vontade durante o experimento. Os animais permaneceram confinados por 168 dias e foram abatidos com 17 meses de idade. Houve efeito linear dos teores de concentrado no peso ao abate (PA) e no peso de carcaça quente (PCQ), que aumentaram de 433 para 485 kg, e de 248 para 280 kg entre os teores de 0,71 e 1,24% PC em MS dia-1 de concentrado. Isso correspondeu ao aumento de 9,87 kg no PA e de 6,16 kg no PCQ dos tourinhos a cada 0,10% PC em MS dia-1 de concentrado adicionado à ração. O rendimento de carcaça quente, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e as proporções de osso, músculo e gordura da carcaça não foram influenciados pelos teores de concentrado, apresentando valores médios de 57,3%, 79,6 cm2, 3,20 mm, 14,88%, 65,21% e 20,67%, respectivamente. Houve efeito linear dos teores de concentrado na temperatura da carcaça após o resfriamento, que aumentou de 8,1 para 9,0 ºC entre os teores de 0,71 e 1,24% PC em MS dia-1 de concentrado.(AU)

O uso da glicerina residual na conservação de rins de bovinos / Use of residual glycerin in bovine kidney conservation

Com o aumento na produção do biodiesel, uma grande quantidade de glicerina bruta foi lançada no mercado derrubando seus preços, e por ter alto impacto ambiental, não pode ser descartada no meio ambiente. Uma das formas de se absorver o excedente de glicerina produzida é a sua utilização na conservação de peças anatômicas. O uso da glicerina purificada nos laboratórios de anatomia animal têm mostrado excelentes resultados quando comparados a outros métodos de conservação. Frente ao exposto, o presente trabalho visa empregar o uso da glicerina bruta na conservação de peças anatômicas em substituição a glicerina purificada, sem perder a qualidade de conservação das peças viabilizando seu uso nos laboratórios de anatomia e reduzindo assim o descarte de produtos nocivos ao meio ambiente. (AU)

With the increase in the production of biodiesel a lot of crude glycerin was launched on the market dropping their prices and have high environmental impact cannot be discarded in the environment. One of the ways to absorb the glycerin produced surplus is its use in the preservation of anatomical parts. The use of purified glycerin in animal anatomy laboratories has shown excellent results when compared to other conservation methods. Based on these this paper aims to employ the use of crude glycerin in the preservation of anatomical parts in the purified glycerin replacement without losing the quality of conservation of parts enabling its use in anatomy laboratories and thus reducing the disposal of products harmful to the environmental preservation. (AU)

Hérnia inguinal em suíno relato de caso / eport

O termo hérnia inguinal refere-se à passagem de parte do conteúdo abdominal através do canal inguinal. Embora a passagem do conteúdo para o escroto pelo canal inguinal seja denominada “hérnia escrotal”, o termo “hérnia inguinal” também é usado para designar ambas as situações. (AU)

The terminguinal hernia refers to the transference of an amount of abdominal content through the inguinal canal. Despite naming the transference of hernial content to the scrotum through the inguinal canal “scrotal hernia”, the term “inguinal hernia” is also used to refer to both situations. (AU)

O uso da glicerina residual na conservação de rins de bovinos / Use of residual glycerin in bovine kidney conservation

Com o aumento na produção do biodiesel, uma grande quantidade de glicerina bruta foi lançada no mercado derrubando seus preços, e por ter alto impacto ambiental, não pode ser descartada no meio ambiente. Uma das formas de se absorver o excedente de glicerina produzida é a sua utilização na conservação de peças anatômicas. O uso da glicerina purificada nos laboratórios de anatomia animal têm mostrado excelentes resultados quando comparados a outros métodos de conservação. Frente ao exposto, o presente trabalho visa empregar o uso da glicerina bruta na conservação de peças anatômicas em substituição a glicerina purificada, sem perder a qualidade de conservação das peças viabilizando seu uso nos laboratórios de anatomia e reduzindo assim o descarte de produtos nocivos ao meio ambiente.

With the increase in the production of biodiesel a lot of crude glycerin was launched on the market dropping their prices and have high environmental impact cannot be discarded in the environment. One of the ways to absorb the glycerin produced surplus is its use in the preservation of anatomical parts. The use of purified glycerin in animal anatomy laboratories has shown excellent results when compared to other conservation methods. Based on these this paper aims to employ the use of crude glycerin in the preservation of anatomical parts in the purified glycerin replacement without losing the quality of conservation of parts enabling its use in anatomy laboratories and thus reducing the disposal of products harmful to the environmental preservation.

Hérnia inguinal em suíno – relato de caso / eport

O termo hérnia inguinal refere-se à passagem de parte do conteúdo abdominal através do canal inguinal. Embora a passagem do conteúdo para o escroto pelo canal inguinal seja denominada “hérnia escrotal”, o termo “hérnia inguinal” também é usado para designar ambas as situações.

The terminguinal hernia refers to the transference of an amount of abdominal content through the inguinal canal. Despite naming the transference of hernial content to the scrotum through the inguinal canal “scrotal hernia”, the term “inguinal hernia” is also used to refer to both situations.

Carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of young ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim bulls fed rations with three concentrate contents / Características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de tourinhos ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim alimentados com rações contendo três teores de concentrado

Improving the quality and energy content of rations increases performance in feedlot cattle, resulting in higher weight at slaughter, better carcass quality and a higher yield of non-carcass components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrate content in the ration on the carcass traits and weight of non-carcass components of young bulls finished in a feedlot. Eighteen young crossbred ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim bulls were used, with an average body weight (BW) of 278 kg and 12 months of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replicates, where the treatments were the contents of 0.71, 0.97 and 1.24% BW day-1 of concentrate in the ration, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Corn silage was used as roughage and was provided ad libitum during the experiment. The young bulls were kept in the feedlot for 168 days and slaughtered at 17 months of age. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the slaughter weight (SW) and hot carcass weight (HCW), which increased from 433 to 485 kg and from 248 to 280 kg between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. This represented an increase of 9.87 kg in SW and 6.16 kg in HCW for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration. The hot carcass yield, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness and the proportions of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass were not affected by the concentrate content and showed mean values of 57.3%, 79.6 cm2, 3.20 mm, 14.88%, 65.21% and 20.67%, respectively. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the carcass temperature after cooling, which increased from 8.1 to 9.0 oC between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. An increase of 0.16 oC in the post-cooling carcass temperature for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration was observed.

A melhoria da qualidade e do aporte energético da ração proporciona alto desempenho aos bovinos confinados, resultando em elevado peso ao abate, melhor qualidade da carcaça e alto rendimento dos componentes não-carcaça. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência do aumento do teor de concentrado da ração nas características de carcaça e no peso de componentes não-carcaça de tourinhos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 18 tourinhos mestiços ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim, que iniciaram o experimento com 278 kg de peso corporal (PC) e 12 meses de idade, em média. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e seis repetições, em que os tratamentos foram os teores de 0,71; 0,97 e 1,24% PC dia-1 de concentrado na ração, em base de matéria seca (MS). A silagem de milho foi utilizada como volumoso e fornecida à vontade durante o experimento. Os animais permaneceram confinados por 168 dias e foram abatidos com 17 meses de idade. Houve efeito linear dos teores de concentrado no peso ao abate (PA) e no peso de carcaça quente (PCQ), que aumentaram de 433 para 485 kg, e de 248 para 280 kg entre os teores de 0,71 e 1,24% PC em MS dia-1 de concentrado. Isso correspondeu ao aumento de 9,87 kg no PA e de 6,16 kg no PCQ dos tourinhos a cada 0,10% PC em MS dia-1 de concentrado adicionado à ração. O rendimento de carcaça quente, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e as proporções de osso, músculo e gordura da carcaça não foram influenciados pelos teores de concentrado, apresentando valores médios de 57,3%, 79,6 cm2, 3,20 mm, 14,88%, 65,21% e 20,67%, respectivamente. Houve efeito linear dos teores de concentrado na temperatura da carcaça após o resfriamento, que aumentou de 8,1 para 9,0 ºC entre os teores de 0,71 e 1,24% PC em MS dia-1 de concentrado.