Resumo
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an efficient and sustainable alternative for energy generation compared to non-renewable sources. Currently, during the mechanized harvest process, the straw left in the field can be used in part for the second generation ethanol and increasing the electric energy production. Thus, this study aimed to provide information on the potential for residual biomass cultivars of sugarcane cropping system. This study provides the following information: yield of straw, depending on the calculated leaf area index and the number of tillers per linear meter; primary energy production of several sugarcane genotypes; contribution of dry tops and leaves; biomass yield; and evaluation of fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Preliminary results obtained by researchers of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and reCviews related studies are presented. The results suggest that the production of sugarcane straw content varies according to the cultivars; the greater mass of sugarcane straw is in the top leaves and that the potential for the crude energy production of sugarcane per area unit can be increased using fiber-rich species or species that produce more straw. The straw indexes was shown to be a good indicator and allow the estimation of straw volumes generated in a sugarcane crop. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition in sugarcane is distinct among varieties. Therefore, it is possible to develop distinct biomass materials for energy production and for the development of sugarcane mills using biochemical processes and thermal routes.
Resumo
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an efficient and sustainable alternative for energy generation compared to non-renewable sources. Currently, during the mechanized harvest process, the straw left in the field can be used in part for the second generation ethanol and increasing the electric energy production. Thus, this study aimed to provide information on the potential for residual biomass cultivars of sugarcane cropping system. This study provides the following information: yield of straw, depending on the calculated leaf area index and the number of tillers per linear meter; primary energy production of several sugarcane genotypes; contribution of dry tops and leaves; biomass yield; and evaluation of fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Preliminary results obtained by researchers of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and reCviews related studies are presented. The results suggest that the production of sugarcane straw content varies according to the cultivars; the greater mass of sugarcane straw is in the top leaves and that the potential for the crude energy production of sugarcane per area unit can be increased using fiber-rich species or species that produce more straw. The straw indexes was shown to be a good indicator and allow the estimation of straw volumes generated in a sugarcane crop. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition in sugarcane is distinct among varieties. Therefore, it is possible to develop distinct biomass materials for energy production and for the development of sugarcane mills using biochemical processes and thermal routes.
Resumo
The objective was to evaluate milk yield and dry matter intake (DM) by crossbred cows fed with sugar cane variety IAC 86-2480 as exclusive roughage source and concentrate levels of 8; 4 or 2kg per cow, daily. Twenty one crossbred cows, in two lactation phases were individually fed. There were two adaptation periods, one of 14 days when cows were fed with sugar cane added of 0.5% of NPN and 8kg of concentrate and a second period of 14 days when cows were allotted to three dietary treatments with 8; 4 and 2kg of concentrate. The composition of concentrate were 19.6% of soybean meal, 29.4 of whole soybean, 49% of corn and 2% of mineral misture. The experimental period was 21 days. There was difference (P 0.01) between treatments for DM intake and milk yield. The results were 18.83; 16.11 and 13.72kg of milk/cow/day; 18.31; 14.66 and 11.55kg DM/cow/day and intake of 3.37; 2.89 and 2.32% of BW for cows when fed with 8; 4 and 2kg of concentrate, respectively. No difference was observed on milk composition, except for milk protein and milk urea contents. The results were 3.01; 2.82 and 2.73% protein and, 9.80; 7.40 and 6.39mg dL-1 for milk urea for 8; 4 and 2kg of concentrate treatments, respectively. The level of concentrate feeding affected milk yield and milk composition of cows fed with sugar cane as exclusive roughage source.
O objetivo foi avaliar a produção de leite e o consumo de matéria seca (MS) de vacas mestiças alimentadas com a cana-de-açúcar variedade IAC86-2480, como volumoso exclusivo, fornecendo-se três níveis de concentrado, ou seja, 2, 4 e 8kg por vaca, diariamente. Vinte e uma vacas mestiças, em duas fases da lactação, foram manejadas em um galpão com cochos individuais. Houve dois períodos de adaptação, um de 14 dias, quando as vacas receberam cana-de-açú- car adicionando-se 0,5% de NNP e 8kg de concentrado e outro, de 14 dias, quando as vacas foram alimentadas de acordo com os tratamentos, isto é a cana com NNP e 8; 4 e 2kg de concentrado. A composição do concentrado era 19,6% de farelo de soja, 29,4% de soja, 49% de milho e 2% de minerais. O período experimental foi de 21 dias. Houve diferença (P 0,01) para produção de leite, consumo total de MS e consumo de MS em relação ao peso vivo (PV). Os resultados foram 18,83; 16,11 e 13,72kg de leite/vaca/dia, 18,31; 14,66 e 11,55kg de MS/vaca/dia e consumo de 3,37; 2,89 e 2,32% do PV para vacas que receberam 8; 4 e 2kg de concentrado, respectivamente. Não houve diferença, entre os tratamentos, para consumo de MS da cana. Os tratamentos influenciaram a composição do leite, apenas em seus teores de proteína e a uréia. Os resultados foram 3,02; 2,82 e 2,74% de proteína e 9,78; 7,40 e 6,39 mg dl-1 de uréia para os tratamentos 8; 4 e 2kg de
Resumo
The sugarcane is being very used as forrage resource in the feeding of the ruminants in all areas of Brazil, however, few information exist regarding the adaptability of the several available genotypes to the production environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 7 sugarcane genotypes aiming the animal feeding in an experiment developed in the Unit of Research and Development of Gália (SP). The 7 treatments were tested on a randomized block design, with three replications. The evaluated attributes were productivity of fresh mass (TMH), productivity of stalks (TCH), productivity of pointers (TPH), proportion of stems (% C), proportion of leaves (% P), index TPH TCH-1, number of stalks for meter (NCM), average height of the stalks (A), medium diameter of the stalks (D), percentage sucrose (PCC), percentage of fiber (F) and index F PCC-1. There were significant differences among the genotypes studied for all attributes. As for the adaptation attributes to the region, ton of fresh mass for hectare (TMH), ton of stalks for hectare (TCH) and number of stalks for meter (NCM), the genotypes IAC86-2480, IAC91-3186, IACSP95-3028 and IAC91-5155 shown superiors to the others. In relation to the attributes that characterize adaptation to the feeding of ruminant, proportion of stalks (% C), proportion of leaves (% P), index TPH TCH-1, percentage sucrose (PCC), fiber percentage (%
A cana-de-açúcar vem sendo muito utilizada como recurso forrageiro na alimentação de ruminantes em todas regiões do Brasil, entretanto, existem poucas informações a respeito da adaptabilidade dos diversos genótipos disponíveis aos ambientes de produção. Com o objetivo de avaliar 7 genótipos de cana-de-açúcar com vistas à alimentação animal, foi desenvolvido um experimento na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Gália (SP). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 3 repetições. Os atributos avaliados foram produtividade de massa fresca (TMH), produtividade de colmos (TCH), produtividade de ponteiros (TPH), proporção de colmos (%C), proporção de ponteiros (%P), índice TPH TCH-1, número de colmos por metro (NCM), altura média dos colmos (A), diâmetro médio dos colmos (D), porcentagem sacarose (PCC), porcentagem de fibra industrial (% F) e índice F PCC-1. Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos estudados para todos atributos. Quanto aos atributos de adaptação à região, tonelada de massa fresca por hectare (TMH), tonelada de colmos por hectare (TCH) e número de colmos por metro (NCM), os genótipos IAC86-2480, IAC91-3186, IACSP95-3028 e IAC91-5155 mostraram-se superiores aos demais. Em relação aos atributos que caracterizam adaptação à alimentação de ruminantes, proporção de colmos (%C), proporção de ponteiros (%P), índice TPH TCH-1, porcentagem sacarose (PCC
Resumo
The sugarcane is being very used as forrage resource in the feeding of the ruminants in all areas of Brazil, however, few information exist regarding the adaptability of the several available genotypes to the production environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 7 sugarcane genotypes aiming the animal feeding in an experiment developed in the Unit of Research and Development of Gália (SP). The 7 treatments were tested on a randomized block design, with three replications. The evaluated attributes were productivity of fresh mass (TMH), productivity of stalks (TCH), productivity of pointers (TPH), proportion of stems (% C), proportion of leaves (% P), index TPH TCH-1, number of stalks for meter (NCM), average height of the stalks (A), medium diameter of the stalks (D), percentage sucrose (PCC), percentage of fiber (F) and index F PCC-1. There were significant differences among the genotypes studied for all attributes. As for the adaptation attributes to the region, ton of fresh mass for hectare (TMH), ton of stalks for hectare (TCH) and number of stalks for meter (NCM), the genotypes IAC86-2480, IAC91-3186, IACSP95-3028 and IAC91-5155 shown superiors to the others. In relation to the attributes that characterize adaptation to the feeding of ruminant, proportion of stalks (% C), proportion of leaves (% P), index TPH TCH-1, percentage sucrose (PCC), fiber percentage (%
A cana-de-açúcar vem sendo muito utilizada como recurso forrageiro na alimentação de ruminantes em todas regiões do Brasil, entretanto, existem poucas informações a respeito da adaptabilidade dos diversos genótipos disponíveis aos ambientes de produção. Com o objetivo de avaliar 7 genótipos de cana-de-açúcar com vistas à alimentação animal, foi desenvolvido um experimento na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Gália (SP). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 3 repetições. Os atributos avaliados foram produtividade de massa fresca (TMH), produtividade de colmos (TCH), produtividade de ponteiros (TPH), proporção de colmos (%C), proporção de ponteiros (%P), índice TPH TCH-1, número de colmos por metro (NCM), altura média dos colmos (A), diâmetro médio dos colmos (D), porcentagem sacarose (PCC), porcentagem de fibra industrial (% F) e índice F PCC-1. Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos estudados para todos atributos. Quanto aos atributos de adaptação à região, tonelada de massa fresca por hectare (TMH), tonelada de colmos por hectare (TCH) e número de colmos por metro (NCM), os genótipos IAC86-2480, IAC91-3186, IACSP95-3028 e IAC91-5155 mostraram-se superiores aos demais. Em relação aos atributos que caracterizam adaptação à alimentação de ruminantes, proporção de colmos (%C), proporção de ponteiros (%P), índice TPH TCH-1, porcentagem sacarose (PCC
Resumo
The objective was to evaluate milk yield and dry matter intake (DM) by crossbred cows fed with sugar cane variety IAC 86-2480 as exclusive roughage source and concentrate levels of 8; 4 or 2kg per cow, daily. Twenty one crossbred cows, in two lactation phases were individually fed. There were two adaptation periods, one of 14 days when cows were fed with sugar cane added of 0.5% of NPN and 8kg of concentrate and a second period of 14 days when cows were allotted to three dietary treatments with 8; 4 and 2kg of concentrate. The composition of concentrate were 19.6% of soybean meal, 29.4 of whole soybean, 49% of corn and 2% of mineral misture. The experimental period was 21 days. There was difference (P 0.01) between treatments for DM intake and milk yield. The results were 18.83; 16.11 and 13.72kg of milk/cow/day; 18.31; 14.66 and 11.55kg DM/cow/day and intake of 3.37; 2.89 and 2.32% of BW for cows when fed with 8; 4 and 2kg of concentrate, respectively. No difference was observed on milk composition, except for milk protein and milk urea contents. The results were 3.01; 2.82 and 2.73% protein and, 9.80; 7.40 and 6.39mg dL-1 for milk urea for 8; 4 and 2kg of concentrate treatments, respectively. The level of concentrate feeding affected milk yield and milk composition of cows fed with sugar cane as exclusive roughage source.
O objetivo foi avaliar a produção de leite e o consumo de matéria seca (MS) de vacas mestiças alimentadas com a cana-de-açúcar variedade IAC86-2480, como volumoso exclusivo, fornecendo-se três níveis de concentrado, ou seja, 2, 4 e 8kg por vaca, diariamente. Vinte e uma vacas mestiças, em duas fases da lactação, foram manejadas em um galpão com cochos individuais. Houve dois períodos de adaptação, um de 14 dias, quando as vacas receberam cana-de-açú- car adicionando-se 0,5% de NNP e 8kg de concentrado e outro, de 14 dias, quando as vacas foram alimentadas de acordo com os tratamentos, isto é a cana com NNP e 8; 4 e 2kg de concentrado. A composição do concentrado era 19,6% de farelo de soja, 29,4% de soja, 49% de milho e 2% de minerais. O período experimental foi de 21 dias. Houve diferença (P 0,01) para produção de leite, consumo total de MS e consumo de MS em relação ao peso vivo (PV). Os resultados foram 18,83; 16,11 e 13,72kg de leite/vaca/dia, 18,31; 14,66 e 11,55kg de MS/vaca/dia e consumo de 3,37; 2,89 e 2,32% do PV para vacas que receberam 8; 4 e 2kg de concentrado, respectivamente. Não houve diferença, entre os tratamentos, para consumo de MS da cana. Os tratamentos influenciaram a composição do leite, apenas em seus teores de proteína e a uréia. Os resultados foram 3,02; 2,82 e 2,74% de proteína e 9,78; 7,40 e 6,39 mg dl-1 de uréia para os tratamentos 8; 4 e 2kg de