Pressão articular na osteoartrose femorotibial de cães (Canis lupus familiaris) - uma revisão sistemática / Intra-articular pressure in femorotibial osteoarthrosis in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) - a systematic review / Presión intraarticular en la osteoartrosis femorotibial de perros (Canis lupus familiaris) - una revisión sistemática

Os principais sinais clínicos da osteoartrose incluem a claudicação e a diminuição da amplitude de movimento articular. A diminuição do espaço articular é uma característica importante e comum em osteoartrose femorotibial, podendo induzir ao aumento da pressão intra-articular dentro do espaço fascial ou osseofascial e desencadear a Síndrome Compartimental Articular, quer pela diminuição do tamanho do espaço intra-articular ou pelo acúmulo de líquido sanguinolento, seroma ou linfa. Essa síndrome pode resultar na inadequada perfusão sanguínea e causar isquemia local, e consequentemente, maior dano articular. Visto que a aferição da pressão intra-articular não é uma prática comum na Medicina Veterinária, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a pressão intra-articular da articulação femorotibial de cães acometidos por osteoartrose.

The main clinical signs of osteoarthrosis includes lameness and decreased range of joint motion. The decreased joint space it’s an important and common feature in femorotibial osteoarthrosis of the and may induce an increased intra-articular pressure within the fascial or osteofascial space, triggering the Joint Compartment Syndrome, either by decreasing the size of the joint space or through the accumulation of bloody fluid, seroma or lymph. This Syndrome can result on inadequate blood flow and create an hypoxic joint, leading to greater joint damage. Since intra-articular pressure measurement is not a common practice in Veterinary Medicine, the present study aimed to review the literature on intra-articular femorotibial pressure in dogs with osteoarthrosis.

Las principales manifestaciones clínicas de osteoartrosis incluyen cojera y disminución de la amplitud del movimiento articular. El estrechamiento del espacio articular es una importante y común característica en la osteoartrosis femorotibial, y puede inducir una elevación de la presión dentro del espacio fascial u osofascial, con la consiguiente síndrome compartimental articular, ya sea decreciendo el tamaño del espacio intra articular o mediante acumulación de líquido sanguinolento, seroma o linfa. Esta síndrome puede provocar una perfusión sanguínea inadecuada y causar una isquemia articular, resultando en, un mayor daño articular. Dado que la medición de la presión sobre las articulaciones no es una práctica común en medicina veterinária, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura acerca de la presión de la articulación femorotibial de perros con osteoartrosis.

Pressão articular na osteoartrose femorotibial de cães (Canis lupus familiaris) - uma revisão sistemática / Intra-articular pressure in femorotibial osteoarthrosis in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) - a systematic review / Presión intraarticular en la osteoartrosis femorotibial de perros (Canis lupus familiaris) - una revisión sistemática

Os principais sinais clínicos da osteoartrose incluem a claudicação e a diminuição da amplitude de movimento articular. A diminuição do espaço articular é uma característica importante e comum em osteoartrose femorotibial, podendo induzir ao aumento da pressão intra-articular dentro do espaço fascial ou osseofascial e desencadear a Síndrome Compartimental Articular, quer pela diminuição do tamanho do espaço intra-articular ou pelo acúmulo de líquido sanguinolento, seroma ou linfa. Essa síndrome pode resultar na inadequada perfusão sanguínea e causar isquemia local, e consequentemente, maior dano articular. Visto que a aferição da pressão intra-articular não é uma prática comum na Medicina Veterinária, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a pressão intra-articular da articulação femorotibial de cães acometidos por osteoartrose.(AU)

The main clinical signs of osteoarthrosis includes lameness and decreased range of joint motion. The decreased joint space its an important and common feature in femorotibial osteoarthrosis of the and may induce an increased intra-articular pressure within the fascial or osteofascial space, triggering the Joint Compartment Syndrome, either by decreasing the size of the joint space or through the accumulation of bloody fluid, seroma or lymph. This Syndrome can result on inadequate blood flow and create an hypoxic joint, leading to greater joint damage. Since intra-articular pressure measurement is not a common practice in Veterinary Medicine, the present study aimed to review the literature on intra-articular femorotibial pressure in dogs with osteoarthrosis.(AU)

Las principales manifestaciones clínicas de osteoartrosis incluyen cojera y disminución de la amplitud del movimiento articular. El estrechamiento del espacio articular es una importante y común característica en la osteoartrosis femorotibial, y puede inducir una elevación de la presión dentro del espacio fascial u osofascial, con la consiguiente síndrome compartimental articular, ya sea decreciendo el tamaño del espacio intra articular o mediante acumulación de líquido sanguinolento, seroma o linfa. Esta síndrome puede provocar una perfusión sanguínea inadecuada y causar una isquemia articular, resultando en, un mayor daño articular. Dado que la medición de la presión sobre las articulaciones no es una práctica común en medicina veterinária, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura acerca de la presión de la articulación femorotibial de perros con osteoartrosis.(AU)

Dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a free-living maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: Chrysocyon brachyurus is a South American wild canid considered a species near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is classified as vulnerable in the National List of Endangered Species. With the increase of the contact between domestic animals, human population and wild animals, there was a greater exposure of the maned wolf to pathogens. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of emerging infectious diseases that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a maned wolf.Case: A free-living female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), approximately 60 days old, was rescued with presence of alopecia, non-pruritic lesions, one of circular shape located in the nasal plane and the other with signs of scaling and crusts in the region of the left pina. The animal was active, in good general condition and without other significant changes to clinical examination. Skin scraping was performed for mycological culture of both lesions. Fungal growth on Sabouraud’s agar identified Microsporum canis. Topical therapy with ketoconazole ointment and cleaning of lesions with 0.2% chlorhexidine was instituted. After 20 days of treatment, remission of clinical signs and repilation of affected areas were observed. New mycological cultures of both areas were carried out, which were negative for Microsporum canis.Discussion: Although Microsporum canis is described as causing dermatophytosis in several animal species, it has apparently not yet been reported in maned wolves. Microsporum canis is one of the most isolated zoophilic dermatophytes in domestic cats and is also cited in reports of symptomatic wild felids, such as tigers, in which it has been identified as either the only agent of infection or in association with Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[...]

Dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a free-living maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: Chrysocyon brachyurus is a South American wild canid considered a species near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is classified as vulnerable in the National List of Endangered Species. With the increase of the contact between domestic animals, human population and wild animals, there was a greater exposure of the maned wolf to pathogens. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of emerging infectious diseases that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a maned wolf.Case: A free-living female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), approximately 60 days old, was rescued with presence of alopecia, non-pruritic lesions, one of circular shape located in the nasal plane and the other with signs of scaling and crusts in the region of the left pina. The animal was active, in good general condition and without other significant changes to clinical examination. Skin scraping was performed for mycological culture of both lesions. Fungal growth on Sabourauds agar identified Microsporum canis. Topical therapy with ketoconazole ointment and cleaning of lesions with 0.2% chlorhexidine was instituted. After 20 days of treatment, remission of clinical signs and repilation of affected areas were observed. New mycological cultures of both areas were carried out, which were negative for Microsporum canis.Discussion: Although Microsporum canis is described as causing dermatophytosis in several animal species, it has apparently not yet been reported in maned wolves. Microsporum canis is one of the most isolated zoophilic dermatophytes in domestic cats and is also cited in reports of symptomatic wild felids, such as tigers, in which it has been identified as either the only agent of infection or in association with Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[...](AU)

Aplicación y contribución de la cromoendoscopia con lugol, índigo carmín y azul de metileno en el tracto digestivo superior de los perros / Use and contribution of chromoendoscopy with lugol, indigo carmine and methylene blue in the upper digestive tract of dogs / Aplicação e contribuição da cromoendoscopia com lugol, índigo carmim e azul de metileno no trato digestório superior de cães

La cromoendoscopia se define como la aplicación tópica de colorante acuoso en la mucosa del tracto gastrointestinal. Estos colorantes tienen la función de mostrar cambios tempranos o discretos que pasan sin ser notados para el examen convencional, lo que permite la colecta de tejidos alterados o seguimiento de las enfermedades pre existentes. En medicina veterinaria, no fueron encontrados estudios que han utilizado esta técnica, pero hay muchas situaciones en las que puede ser empleado como la investigación o monitoreo: esofagitis (tales como esófago de Barrett en los seres humanos), lesiones erosivas gástricas o polipoidis y lesiones duodenales . Este trabajo se realizó en diez animales adultos, endoscopia (EGD) seguido por cromoendoscopia (CRE) y la recolección de biopsia del esófago, estómago (fondo, el cuerpo y antro pilórico) y el duodeno cuando esté disponible. Las biopsias fueron enviadas para histopatología e identificación de la presencia o ausencia de daños en el material recogido. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la técnica de la cromoendoscopia en perros, evaluar su eficacia en la identificación y la delimitación de las lesiones en el tracto digestivo superior de estos animales y correlacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos antes y después de la aplicación de la técnica a los resultados histopatológicos. La correlación entre la EGD y la CRE porhistopatología (patrón oro) se evaluó mediante la prueba de Kappa. Los resultados mostraronun acuerdo significativo en la CRE esófago con una precisión de 83,33%. Acuerdo Moderadoen la endoscopia convencional EGD del esófago con una precisión de 83,33% y CRE delfondus, el cuerpo y el antro pilórico con una precisión de 70%. Acuerdo razonable en CREestómago con una precisión de 70%. Concordancia moderada en EGD de antro y EGD y CREde duodeno con una precisión de 50%, 40% y 40% respectivamente. No hubo correlaciónentre los ensayos en el EGD de fondo, el cuerpo y el estómago con una precisión de [...](AU)

Chromoendoscopy is defined as the topical application of aqueous dye in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. These dyes have the function of showing early or discrete changes which may go unnoticed in conventional examination. Therefore, this procedure enables altered tissue collection or monitoring of pre-existing diseases. In Veterinary Medicine, there were no studies that have used this technique, but there are many conditions in which it can be employed as research or monitoring of esophagitis (such as humans Barrett"s esophagus), erosive or polypoid gastric lesions and duodenal injuries. In the present study, ten adult dogs underwent endoscopy (EGD), followed by chromoendoscopy (CRE) and biopsy of esophagus, stomach (fundus, body and pyloric antrum) and duodenum, when available. Biopsies were sent for histopathology for identification of presence or absence of lesions in the collected samples. The aim of this study was to describe the technique of chromoendoscopy in dogs, evaluate its effectiveness on the identification and delineation of lesions in the upper digestive tract of dogs and correlate endoscopic findings before and after application of the technique with histopathologic results. The correlation between EGD and CRE by histopathology (gold standard) was evaluated using the Kappa test. The results showed significant agreement in CRE of esophagus with accuracy of 83. Moderateagreement in conventional endoscopy (CE) of esophagus and CRE of fundus, body andpyloric antrum were demonstrated with an accuracy of 83.33%, 70%, 70% and 70%respectively. Fair agreement was found in CRE of stomach, with an accuracy of 70%. Therewas poor agreement in EGD of pyloric antrum and EGD and CRE of duodenum, with anaccuracy of 50%, 40% and 40% respectively. There was no correlation between the tests [...](AU)

A Cromoendoscopia é definida como a aplicação tópica de corantes aquosos na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal. Estes corantes têm a função de evidenciar alterações precoces ou discretas que passariam despercebidas ao exame convencional, permitindo, assim, a coleta de tecido alterado ou o acompanhamento de doenças pré-existentes. Na Medicina Veterinária, não foram encontrados trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta técnica, mas há muitas situações em que ela pode ser empregada, como na pesquisa ou no acompanhamento de: esofagites (como esôfago de Barrett em humanos), lesões gástricas erosivas ou polipoides e lesões duodenais. Neste trabalho, dez cães adultos foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) seguida de cromoendoscopia (CRE) e biopsia de esôfago, estômago (fundo, corpo e antro pilórico) e duodeno quando acessível. As biopsias foram enviadas para exame histopatológico com o objetivo de identificar a presença ou ausência de lesão no material coletado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a aplicação da técnica de cromoendoscopia em cães, avaliar sua eficácia quanto à identificação e delimitação de lesões no trato digestório superior destes animais e correlacionar os achados endoscópicos pré e pós-aplicação da técnica com os resultados histopatológicos. A correlação da endoscopia convencional (E.C). e da CRE com o exame histopatológico (padrão ouro) foi avaliada pelo teste de Kappa e osresultados demonstraram concordância importante na CRE de esôfago com acurácia de83,33%. Concordância moderada foi observada na E.C. de esôfago e na CRE de fundo, corpoe antro piloro com acurácia de 83,33%, 70%, 70% e 70%, respectivamente. Concordânciarazoável foi demonstrada na CRE de estômago com acurácia de 70%. Concordância ruim foiencontrada na E.C. de antro pilórico e na E.C. e CRE de duodeno com acurácia de 50%, 40%e 40% [...](AU)

Aplicación y contribución de la cromoendoscopia con lugol, índigo carmín y azul de metileno en el tracto digestivo superior de los perros / Use and contribution of chromoendoscopy with lugol, indigo carmine and methylene blue in the upper digestive tract of dogs / Aplicação e contribuição da cromoendoscopia com lugol, índigo carmim e azul de metileno no trato digestório superior de cães

La cromoendoscopia se define como la aplicación tópica de colorante acuoso en la mucosa del tracto gastrointestinal. Estos colorantes tienen la función de mostrar cambios tempranos o discretos que pasan sin ser notados para el examen convencional, lo que permite la colecta de tejidos alterados o seguimiento de las enfermedades pre existentes. En medicina veterinaria, no fueron encontrados estudios que han utilizado esta técnica, pero hay muchas situaciones en las que puede ser empleado como la investigación o monitoreo: esofagitis (tales como esófago de Barrett en los seres humanos), lesiones erosivas gástricas o polipoidis y lesiones duodenales . Este trabajo se realizó en diez animales adultos, endoscopia (EGD) seguido por cromoendoscopia (CRE) y la recolección de biopsia del esófago, estómago (fondo, el cuerpo y antro pilórico) y el duodeno cuando esté disponible. Las biopsias fueron enviadas para histopatología e identificación de la presencia o ausencia de daños en el material recogido. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la técnica de la cromoendoscopia en perros, evaluar su eficacia en la identificación y la delimitación de las lesiones en el tracto digestivo superior de estos animales y correlacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos antes y después de la aplicación de la técnica a los resultados histopatológicos. La correlación entre la EGD y la CRE porhistopatología (patrón oro) se evaluó mediante la prueba de Kappa. Los resultados mostraronun acuerdo significativo en la CRE esófago con una precisión de 83,33%. Acuerdo Moderadoen la endoscopia convencional EGD del esófago con una precisión de 83,33% y CRE delfondus, el cuerpo y el antro pilórico con una precisión de 70%. Acuerdo razonable en CREestómago con una precisión de 70%. Concordancia moderada en EGD de antro y EGD y CREde duodeno con una precisión de 50%, 40% y 40% respectivamente. No hubo correlaciónentre los ensayos en el EGD de fondo, el cuerpo y el estómago con una precisión de [...]

Chromoendoscopy is defined as the topical application of aqueous dye in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. These dyes have the function of showing early or discrete changes which may go unnoticed in conventional examination. Therefore, this procedure enables altered tissue collection or monitoring of pre-existing diseases. In Veterinary Medicine, there were no studies that have used this technique, but there are many conditions in which it can be employed as research or monitoring of esophagitis (such as humans Barrett"s esophagus), erosive or polypoid gastric lesions and duodenal injuries. In the present study, ten adult dogs underwent endoscopy (EGD), followed by chromoendoscopy (CRE) and biopsy of esophagus, stomach (fundus, body and pyloric antrum) and duodenum, when available. Biopsies were sent for histopathology for identification of presence or absence of lesions in the collected samples. The aim of this study was to describe the technique of chromoendoscopy in dogs, evaluate its effectiveness on the identification and delineation of lesions in the upper digestive tract of dogs and correlate endoscopic findings before and after application of the technique with histopathologic results. The correlation between EGD and CRE by histopathology (gold standard) was evaluated using the Kappa test. The results showed significant agreement in CRE of esophagus with accuracy of 83. Moderateagreement in conventional endoscopy (CE) of esophagus and CRE of fundus, body andpyloric antrum were demonstrated with an accuracy of 83.33%, 70%, 70% and 70%respectively. Fair agreement was found in CRE of stomach, with an accuracy of 70%. Therewas poor agreement in EGD of pyloric antrum and EGD and CRE of duodenum, with anaccuracy of 50%, 40% and 40% respectively. There was no correlation between the tests [...]

A Cromoendoscopia é definida como a aplicação tópica de corantes aquosos na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal. Estes corantes têm a função de evidenciar alterações precoces ou discretas que passariam despercebidas ao exame convencional, permitindo, assim, a coleta de tecido alterado ou o acompanhamento de doenças pré-existentes. Na Medicina Veterinária, não foram encontrados trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta técnica, mas há muitas situações em que ela pode ser empregada, como na pesquisa ou no acompanhamento de: esofagites (como esôfago de Barrett em humanos), lesões gástricas erosivas ou polipoides e lesões duodenais. Neste trabalho, dez cães adultos foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) seguida de cromoendoscopia (CRE) e biopsia de esôfago, estômago (fundo, corpo e antro pilórico) e duodeno quando acessível. As biopsias foram enviadas para exame histopatológico com o objetivo de identificar a presença ou ausência de lesão no material coletado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a aplicação da técnica de cromoendoscopia em cães, avaliar sua eficácia quanto à identificação e delimitação de lesões no trato digestório superior destes animais e correlacionar os achados endoscópicos pré e pós-aplicação da técnica com os resultados histopatológicos. A correlação da endoscopia convencional (E.C). e da CRE com o exame histopatológico (padrão ouro) foi avaliada pelo teste de Kappa e osresultados demonstraram concordância importante na CRE de esôfago com acurácia de83,33%. Concordância moderada foi observada na E.C. de esôfago e na CRE de fundo, corpoe antro piloro com acurácia de 83,33%, 70%, 70% e 70%, respectivamente. Concordânciarazoável foi demonstrada na CRE de estômago com acurácia de 70%. Concordância ruim foiencontrada na E.C. de antro pilórico e na E.C. e CRE de duodeno com acurácia de 50%, 40%e 40% [...]

Undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells associated to hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Background: Most of the primary pulmonary tumors in dogs are malignant and from epithelial origin, being bronchioalveolar tumors more prevalent. Adenocarcinoma of clear cells, however, is a very rare pulmonary tumor and its origin is still unknown. It is related to several clinical abnormalities, including hypertrophic osteopathy, an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a periosteal reaction along the shaft of long bones. Because of the unusual presentation of the pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the aim of this study was to describe the radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a dog afflicted with hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to an undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells. Case: A 12-year-old, 45 kg, not castrated male Great Dane dog was presented with painful swelling of all four limbs and moderate respiratory distress. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the limbs showed palisade-like periosteal bone proliferation involving radius, ulna, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metacarpal, metatarsal and digits, suggesting hypertrophic osteopathy. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the lungs also showed a round mass well delimited localized in the right diaphragmatic lobe. A lobectomy of the right diaphragmatic lobe and partial lobectomy of accessory lobe were performed. A poorly different...(AU)

Undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells associated to hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Background: Most of the primary pulmonary tumors in dogs are malignant and from epithelial origin, being bronchioalveolar tumors more prevalent. Adenocarcinoma of clear cells, however, is a very rare pulmonary tumor and its origin is still unknown. It is related to several clinical abnormalities, including hypertrophic osteopathy, an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a periosteal reaction along the shaft of long bones. Because of the unusual presentation of the pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the aim of this study was to describe the radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a dog afflicted with hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to an undifferentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma of clear cells. Case: A 12-year-old, 45 kg, not castrated male Great Dane dog was presented with painful swelling of all four limbs and moderate respiratory distress. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the limbs showed palisade-like periosteal bone proliferation involving radius, ulna, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metacarpal, metatarsal and digits, suggesting hypertrophic osteopathy. Radiographic examination and computed tomography of the lungs also showed a round mass well delimited localized in the right diaphragmatic lobe. A lobectomy of the right diaphragmatic lobe and partial lobectomy of accessory lobe were performed. A poorly different...