Doenças tóxicas de bovinos em Mato Grosso do Sul / Toxic diseases of bovines from of Mato Grosso do Sul

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de um período de 13 anos, entre 2000 e 2012, nos arquivos do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Para esse estudo utilizaram-se 2.359 laudos de necropsias de bovinos que tinham conclusão diagnóstica. Em 151 deles (6,40%) as causas de morte foram atribuídas às doenças tóxicas, agrupadas em intoxicações por plantas e outras doenças tóxicas. As intoxicações por plantas foram responsáveis por 88,9% dos surtos diagnosticados. Em ordem decrescente de frequência, as intoxicações pelas seguintes plantas foram descritas: Brachiaria spp. (27,88%), Vernonia rubricaulis (25%), Amorimia pubiflora (11,54%), Senna occidentalis e S. obtusifolia (8,65%), Enterolobium contortisiliquum e polpa cítrica (3,85% cada), Stylosanthes spp. (2,88%), Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (1,92%), Manihot spp., Simarouba versicolor, Crotalaria spp., Pterodon emarginatus e Solanum malacoxylon (0,96% cada). Neste grupo também foram agrupadas as nefropatias tóxicas, responsáveis por 9,62% dos surtos. Dentre as outras doenças tóxicas diagnosticadas, são descritas as intoxicações por chumbo (30,77%), ureia (23,08%), cloreto de sódio, abamectina e acidentes ofídicos (15,38% cada). Neste estudo, 5,6% dos diagnósticos conclusivos realizados em bovinos de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) durante o período estudado foram atribuídos à ingestão de plantas tóxicas, o que evidencia a importância deste diagnóstico e suas perdas econômicas. Os surtos de intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. foram mais frequentes, mas sua importância como planta tóxica é pequena quando comparada à extensão territorial em que está plantada. Entretanto, os casos subnotificados podem modificar a importância da Brachiaria spp. como planta tóxica.(AU)

A retrospective study has been conducted for a period of 13 years, between 2000 and 2012, on files archived at the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), at the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ) at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). For this study, 2.359 necropsy reports of cattle with conclusive diagnostic were used. On 151 of them (6.40%) the causes of death were attributed to toxic diseases that were grouped under the tags: plant poisonings and other poisoning diseases. Plant poisonings were responsible for 88.9% of the diagnosed outbreaks. In decreasing order of frequency, poisoning from the following plants was described as: Brachiaria spp. (27.88%), Vernonia rubricaulis (25%), Amorimia pubiflora (11.54%), Senna occidentalis and S. obtusifolia (8.65%), Enterolobium contortisiliquum and citric pulp (3.85% each), Stylosanthes spp. (2.88%), Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (1.92%), Manihot spp., Simarouba versicolor, Crotalaria spp., Pterodon emarginatus and Solanum malacoxylon (0.96% each). In this group, toxic nephropathy was also included, accounting for 9.62% of the outbreaks. Among other toxic diseases that have been diagnosed, lead poisoning (30.77%), urea (23.08%), sodium chloride, abamectin, and snakebites (15.38% each) are described. In this study, 5.6% of conclusive diagnoses performed on cattle from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) during the period studied were attributed to ingestion of toxic plants, which highlights the importance of this diagnostic and their economic losses. Outbreaks of Brachiaria spp. were more frequent, but its importance as a toxic plant is small when compared to the extension of the fields on which it is planted. However, the underreported cases can change the importance of Brachiaria spp. as a toxic plant.(AU)

Nonsuppurative myocarditis associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) refers to a heterogeneous group of viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae and genus Pestivirus. This family of viruses is one of the main pathogens of cattle and causes significant economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. BVDV is an enveloped virus with a diameter of 45 nm and single-stranded RNA genome of 12.5 kb. BVDV infection has been associated with a number of clinical manifestations ranging from unapparent infection and mild signs to acute illness and death. In general, calves are more susceptible to BVDV infection, but adult cattle can develop the clinical disease if they are infected with highly virulent virus strains. This study describes clinical, anatomopathological and epidemiological findings of a BVDV outbreak in calves in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: The outbreak occurred in the town of Agua Clara in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected by the farm manager during a visit to the property. The outbreak involved two Nelore heifer calves that died between 30 and 40 days of age. One calf was taken to the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy (LAP) of the Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (FAMEZ/UFMS). The calf was necropsied, and white streaks were seen on the heart, indicating congestive failure with swelling of body cavities and congestive hepatopathy (nutmeg liver). Fragments of different organs and tissues were collected during necropsy, fixed in 10% formalin for 48 h, embedded in paraffin, cut in 5 µm sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the Veterinary Pathology sector of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Histologically, the heart lesion was characterized by fibrous coagulative necrosis associated with marked infi ltrate (predominantly lymphocytic) and some macrophages. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical agent identification in Peyer's patches within the intestine. Discussion: The diagnosis of congestive heart failure due to myocarditis caused by BVDV infection was confirmed by the IHC technique. While in other countries, myocarditis caused by natural infection in cattle and experimental infection in goats and sheep due to BVDV has been described, there have been no reports of this clinical and pathological manifestation of the disease in Brazil. The heart lesions observed in the outbreak should be differentiated from similar injuries caused by certain plants and from Neospora caninum infection. In the present study, while the virus was identified by immunohistochemistry only in Peyer's patches, BVDV was considered to be the cause of the cardiac lesions by a process of elimination and because there is no correlation between the amount of viral antigen and the location of histological lesions. Other studies have used the IHC technique to detect BVDV antigen in other tissues of cattle and observed that the antigen is not uniformly distributed among the organs, suggesting that no specific organ of aborted fetuses can be chosen for BVDV diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry was shown to be an efficient method for detecting the antigen in the Peyer's patches of infected calves. This is the first report of nonsuppurative myocarditis associated with BVDV causing perinatal cattle death with agent identification in Mato Grosso do Sul. However, these data are insufficient to determine the importance of BVDV infection in terms of reproductive losses in this state because the methodological approaches used were different from those adopted in earlier studies.

Doenças tóxicas de bovinos em Mato Grosso do Sul / Toxic diseases of bovines from of Mato Grosso do Sul

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de um período de 13 anos, entre 2000 e 2012, nos arquivos do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Para esse estudo utilizaram-se 2.359 laudos de necropsias de bovinos que tinham conclusão diagnóstica. Em 151 deles (6,40%) as causas de morte foram atribuídas às doenças tóxicas, agrupadas em intoxicações por plantas e outras doenças tóxicas. As intoxicações por plantas foram responsáveis por 88,9% dos surtos diagnosticados. Em ordem decrescente de frequência, as intoxicações pelas seguintes plantas foram descritas: Brachiaria spp. (27,88%), Vernonia rubricaulis (25%), Amorimia pubiflora (11,54%), Senna occidentalis e S. obtusifolia (8,65%), Enterolobium contortisiliquum e polpa cítrica (3,85% cada), Stylosanthes spp. (2,88%), Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (1,92%), Manihot spp., Simarouba versicolor, Crotalaria spp., Pterodon emarginatus e Solanum malacoxylon (0,96% cada). Neste grupo também foram agrupadas as nefropatias tóxicas, responsáveis por 9,62% dos surtos. Dentre as outras doenças tóxicas diagnosticadas, são descritas as intoxicações por chumbo (30,77%), ureia (23,08%), cloreto de sódio, abamectina e acidentes ofídicos (15,38% cada). Neste estudo, 5,6% dos diagnósticos conclusivos realizados em bovinos de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) durante o período estudado foram atribuídos à ingestão de plantas tóxicas, o que evidencia a importância deste diagnóstico e suas perdas econômicas. Os surtos de intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. foram mais frequentes, mas sua importância como planta tóxica é pequena quando comparada à extensão territorial em que está plantada. Entretanto, os casos subnotificados podem modificar a importância da Brachiaria spp. como planta tóxica.

A retrospective study has been conducted for a period of 13 years, between 2000 and 2012, on files archived at the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), at the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ) at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). For this study, 2.359 necropsy reports of cattle with conclusive diagnostic were used. On 151 of them (6.40%) the causes of death were attributed to toxic diseases that were grouped under the tags: plant poisonings and other poisoning diseases. Plant poisonings were responsible for 88.9% of the diagnosed outbreaks. In decreasing order of frequency, poisoning from the following plants was described as: Brachiaria spp. (27.88%), Vernonia rubricaulis (25%), Amorimia pubiflora (11.54%), Senna occidentalis and S. obtusifolia (8.65%), Enterolobium contortisiliquum and citric pulp (3.85% each), Stylosanthes spp. (2.88%), Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (1.92%), Manihot spp., Simarouba versicolor, Crotalaria spp., Pterodon emarginatus and Solanum malacoxylon (0.96% each). In this group, toxic nephropathy was also included, accounting for 9.62% of the outbreaks. Among other toxic diseases that have been diagnosed, lead poisoning (30.77%), urea (23.08%), sodium chloride, abamectin, and snakebites (15.38% each) are described. In this study, 5.6% of conclusive diagnoses performed on cattle from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) during the period studied were attributed to ingestion of toxic plants, which highlights the importance of this diagnostic and their economic losses. Outbreaks of Brachiaria spp. were more frequent, but its importance as a toxic plant is small when compared to the extension of the fields on which it is planted. However, the underreported cases can change the importance of Brachiaria spp. as a toxic plant.