Morphological and molecular analysis of apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum of rats submitted to a chronic alcoholism model

Purpose To evaluate the effect of chronic alcoholism on morphometry and apoptosis mechanism and correlate with miRNA-21 expression in the corpus cavernosum of rats. Methods Twenty-four rats were divided into two experimental groups: Control (C) and Alcoholic group (A). After two weeks of an adaptive phase, rats from group A received only ethanol solution (20%) during 7 weeks. The morphometric and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry analysis were performed in the corpus cavernosum. The miRNA-21 expression was analyzed in blood and cavernous tissue. Results Chronic ethanol consumption decreased cavernosal smooth muscle area of alcoholic rats. The protein expression of caspase 3 in the corpus cavernosum was higher in A compared to the C group. There was no difference in the expression of miRNA-21 in serum and cavernous tissue between the groups. Conclusion Chronic ethanol consumption reduced smooth muscle area and increased caspase 3 in the corpus cavernosum of rats, without altered serum and cavernosal miR-21 gene expression.(AU)

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of proteins CASPASE 3 and XIAP in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia and chronic alcoholism

Purpose: To evaluate histopathological and ultrastructural changes and expression of proteins related to apoptosis CASPASE 3 and XIAP after experimental induction of temporary focal cerebral ischemia (90 minutes) due to obstruction of the middle cerebral artery in alcoholism model. Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were used, subdivided into 5 experimental groups: control group (C); Sham group (S); Ischemic group (I); Alcoholic group (A); and Ischemic and Alcoholized group (I+A): animals submitted to the same treatment of group A and after four weeks were submitted to focal cerebral ischemia during 90 minutes, followed by reperfusion of 48 hours. Were processed for histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry (for the protein expression of CASPASE -3 and XIAP). Results: Greater histopathological changes were observed in the animals of groups I and I+A in the three areas analyzed. The neuronal loss was higher in the medial striatum region of the animals of groups I and I + A. The protein expression of CASPASE -3 was higher than that of XIAP in the groups I and I + A for both proteins. Conclusion: The expression of XIAP was slightly higher where the histopathological changes and expression of CASPASE -3 was less evident.(AU)

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis in the cerebellum of rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia with or without alcoholism model

PURPOSE: To evaluated histopathological changes, morphometric and expression of proteins CASPASE-3, BCL-2 and XIAP related to apoptosis in the cerebellum after induction of temporary focal cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, with or without a model of chronic alcoholism. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were used and divided into: control group (C), sham group (S), ischemic group (I), alcoholic group (A), and ischemic and alcoholic group (IA). The cerebellum samples collected were stained for histopathological and morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry study. RESULTS: Histopathological changes were observed a greater degree in animals in groups A and IA. The morphometric study showed no difference in the amount of cells in the granular layer of the cerebellum between the groups. The expression of CASPASE-3 was higher than BCL-2 and XIAP in the groups A and IA. CONCLUSION: We observed correlation between histopathological changes and the occurrence of apoptosis in cerebellar cortex.(AU)

Desenvolvimento de ovos de ciatostomíneos (NematodaCyathostominae) em diferentes temperaturas / Development of cyathostomin eggs (Nematoda-Cyathostominae) in different temperatures

Os ciatostomíneos (Cyathostominae) são os nematóides mais abundantes no intestino grosso dos equinos e os ovos eliminados nas fezes podem chegar a 12x106 ovos/dia se o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) for igual a 1000. Variáveis ambientais como temperatura, pluviosidade e umidade influenciam no desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de ovos e de larvas nas fezes e pastagem. O efeito da temperatura sobre o desenvolvimento de ovos dos ciatostomíneos e o tempo de armazenamento são pouco estudados. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das temperaturas de ±10ºC e -4ºC sobre as diferentes fases dos ovos. Fezes de equinos foram coletadas, divididas em seis amostras de aproximadamente 1kg, sendo três amostras mantidas a ±10ºC e três a -4ºC. Durante 18 meses, alíquotas de 4g de fezes foram retiradas semanalmente, de cada temperatura respectiva, para recuperação de ovos que foram mantidos em placas de Petri com água por 24h para observação e contagem das fases de desenvolvimento e contagem dos ovos viáveis e inviáveis e/ou inférteis. Sob a temperatura de ±10ºC, 75% dos ovos encontravam-se na fase de mórula e 20% em gástrula; a -4ºC, 90% em mórula e 10% em gástrula. Houve diferença significativa no número de ovos em mórula, gástrula e para o OPG entre as temperaturas. Os ovos resistiram a -4ºC, desenvolveram-se até a fase seguinte e o tempo até ovo larvado foi maior que 24h a ±25ºC. Mais estudos estão em andamento a fim de esclarecer vários aspectos do efeito da temperatura sobre ovos de ciatostomíneos estocados.

The cyathostomin (Cyathostominae) are the most abundant nematodes in the large intestine of horses. A number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) equal to 1000 represents a pasture contamination with eggs per 12x106 day. The environmental variables as temperature, rainfall and humidity influence the development and survival of eggs and larvae in the faeces and pasture. Studies about the storage and the effect of temperature on the development are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperatures ± 10°C and -4°C on the development of cyathostomin eggs. Feces collected from horses were divided into six samples of 1kg, three stored at ± 10ºC and three stored at -4ºC. Each seven days a sample of 4g was evaluated for counting and observation of the egg stage for a period of 18 months. At ± 10ºC temperature, 75% of eggs were at the morula stage and 20% gastrula; at -4ºC, 90% were at the morula stage and 10% in gastrula. There were significant differences in the number of eggs in morula, gastrula and the OPG between the temperatures evaluated. Eggs stored at ± 10°C and -4°C remained viable during 18 months, indicating that resistence to freezing temperature. More studies are in process to know many questions about it.

Desenvolvimento de ovos de ciatostomíneos (NematodaCyathostominae) em diferentes temperaturas / Development of cyathostomin eggs (Nematoda-Cyathostominae) in different temperatures

Os ciatostomíneos (Cyathostominae) são os nematóides mais abundantes no intestino grosso dos equinos e os ovos eliminados nas fezes podem chegar a 12x106 ovos/dia se o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) for igual a 1000. Variáveis ambientais como temperatura, pluviosidade e umidade influenciam no desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de ovos e de larvas nas fezes e pastagem. O efeito da temperatura sobre o desenvolvimento de ovos dos ciatostomíneos e o tempo de armazenamento são pouco estudados. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das temperaturas de ±10ºC e -4ºC sobre as diferentes fases dos ovos. Fezes de equinos foram coletadas, divididas em seis amostras de aproximadamente 1kg, sendo três amostras mantidas a ±10ºC e três a -4ºC. Durante 18 meses, alíquotas de 4g de fezes foram retiradas semanalmente, de cada temperatura respectiva, para recuperação de ovos que foram mantidos em placas de Petri com água por 24h para observação e contagem das fases de desenvolvimento e contagem dos ovos viáveis e inviáveis e/ou inférteis. Sob a temperatura de ±10ºC, 75% dos ovos encontravam-se na fase de mórula e 20% em gástrula; a -4ºC, 90% em mórula e 10% em gástrula. Houve diferença significativa no número de ovos em mórula, gástrula e para o OPG entre as temperaturas. Os ovos resistiram a -4ºC, desenvolveram-se até a fase seguinte e o tempo até ovo larvado foi maior que 24h a ±25ºC. Mais estudos estão em andamento a fim de esclarecer vários aspectos do efeito da temperatura sobre ovos de ciatostomíneos estocados.(AU)

The cyathostomin (Cyathostominae) are the most abundant nematodes in the large intestine of horses. A number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) equal to 1000 represents a pasture contamination with eggs per 12x106 day. The environmental variables as temperature, rainfall and humidity influence the development and survival of eggs and larvae in the faeces and pasture. Studies about the storage and the effect of temperature on the development are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperatures ± 10°C and -4°C on the development of cyathostomin eggs. Feces collected from horses were divided into six samples of 1kg, three stored at ± 10ºC and three stored at -4ºC. Each seven days a sample of 4g was evaluated for counting and observation of the egg stage for a period of 18 months. At ± 10ºC temperature, 75% of eggs were at the morula stage and 20% gastrula; at -4ºC, 90% were at the morula stage and 10% in gastrula. There were significant differences in the number of eggs in morula, gastrula and the OPG between the temperatures evaluated. Eggs stored at ± 10°C and -4°C remained viable during 18 months, indicating that resistence to freezing temperature. More studies are in process to know many questions about it.(AU)