Prevalence of endoparasites by microscopic analysis in free-range chickens in a Brazilian semiarid region / Prevalência de endoparasitos por análises microscópicas em galinhas de fundo de quintal em região semiárida do Brasil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of endoparasitic fauna and the risk factors associated with parasite infections in free-range chickens in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Ten municipalities were visited and, in each of them, ten farms, to collect animal feces and apply epidemiological questionnaires. Feces from 417 poultry were used to perform EPG (eggs per gram) and OoPG (oocysts per gram) tests. Prevalences of 40.52% (169/417) and 39.08% (163/417) were observed for nematodes and coccidia, respectively. In 17% (71/417), mixed infections by nematodes and coccidia were observed. Nematodes of Heterakoidea superfamily were present in 100% of the positive samples (169/169), followed by Trichuris spp. (57.3%; 97/169). All the protozoan oocysts observed belonged to the genus Eimeria (100%; 163/163). The variable of presence of drooping wings was considered to be a factor associated with infection by coccidia (odds ratio = 5.412; confidence interval: 1.179-24.848; p = 0.030). It was concluded that there is high prevalence of nematodes and coccidia in free-range chickens in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Better sanitary management measures, with greater hygiene of facilities, together with chemical control of parasites, can improve productivity by reducing the rate of gastrointestinal parasites.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e diversidade da fauna endoparasitária, e os fatores de risco associados às infecções em galinhas de fundo de quintal no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Dez municípios foram visitados e, em cada um, dez fazendas, para coletar fezes e aplicar um questionário epidemiológico. Fezes de 417 aves foram utilizadas para a realização de testes de OPG (ovos por grama) e OoPG (oocistos por grama). Prevalências de 40,52% (169/417) e 39,08% (163/417) foram observadas para nematoides e coccídios, respectivamente. Em 17% (71/417), infecções mistas por nematoides e coccídios foram observadas. Nematoides da superfamília Heterakoidea estavam presentes em 100% das amostras positivas (169/169), seguidos por Trichuris spp. (57,3%; 97/169). Todos os oocistos de protozoários observados pertenceram ao gênero Eimeria (100%; 163/163). A variável de presença de asas caídas foi considerada como fator associado à infecção por coccídios (odds ratio= 5,412; interval de confiança: 1,179-24,848; p = 0,030). Concluiu-se que é alta a prevalência de nematoides e coccídios em galinhas de fundo de quintal no Estado da Paraíba. Melhorias nas medidas de manejo sanitário, com maior higiene das instalações, associados a um controle químico de parasitos, podem melhorar a produtividade pela redução das taxas de parasitismo gastrointestinal.(AU)

Diagnóstico de cinomose canina por meio de teste imunocromatográfico e sua correlação com achados clínicos e hematológicos no semiárido da Paraíba / Diagnosis of canine distemper by immunochromatographic test and its correlation with clinical and hematological findings in the semiarid region of Paraíba

Objetivou-se através deste trabalho, determinar a prevalência de cinomose canina no semiárido da Paraíba, através de testes rápidos imunocromatográficos, correlacionando-a com os principais achados clínicos e hematológicos. Foram analisadas 67 fichas de animais em que foram realizados testes rápidos para pesquisa de antígeno em amostras nasais e oculares no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Observou-se que 47% (32/67) dos cães analisados foram positivos para cinomose canina. As variáveis que apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) para a infecção foram animais sem raça definida 60% (21/35), animais não vacinados 70% (29/42), e período seco do ano, sendo o mês de agosto (40%; 13/32), com maior ocorrência. Os principais sistemas afetados foram o respiratório 61% (17/28), oftalmológico 70% (22/31), nervoso 69% (13/19), dermatológico 45% (9/20), e gastrintestinal 42% (6/14). As principais alterações hematológicas foram anemia 66% (23/32), leucopenia 76% (19/25) e linfopenia 48% (15/31). Concluiu-se que foi elevada a ocorrência de cinomose canina em animais com suspeita clínica no Semiárido Paraibano, e animais sem raça definida, não vacinados, no período seco do ano foram mais diagnosticados com a enfermidade.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of distemper canine distemper vírus (CDV) infection in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, using rapid immunochromatographic tests, correlating it with the main clinical and hematological findings. 67 records of animals were analyzed in which rapid tests were performed for antigen research in nasal and ocular from January to December 2019. It was observed that 47% (32/67) of compulsory dogs were positive for canine distemper. The variables that defined difference difference (p <0.05) for infection were mixed breed animals 60% (21/35), unvaccinated animals 70% (29/42), and dry period of the year, being the August (40%; 13/32), with greater occurrence. The main affected systems were the respiratory 61% (17/28), ophthalmological 70% (22/31), nervous 69% (13/19), dermatological 45% (9/20), and gastrointestinal 42% (6/14 )) The main changes were hematological, anemia 66% (23/32), leukopenia 76% (19/25) and lymphopenia 48% (15/31). It was concluded that the occurrence of canine distemper in animals with clinical suspicion in the Semiarid Paraibano was high, and non-vaccinated mixed-breed animals in the dry period of the year were more diagnosed with the disease.

Diagnóstico de cinomose canina por meio de teste imunocromatográfico e sua correlação com achados clínicos e hematológicos no semiárido da Paraíba / Diagnosis of canine distemper by immunochromatographic test and its correlation with clinical and hematological findings in the semiarid region of Paraíba

Objetivou-se através deste trabalho, determinar a prevalência de cinomose canina no semiárido da Paraíba, através de testes rápidos imunocromatográficos, correlacionando-a com os principais achados clínicos e hematológicos. Foram analisadas 67 fichas de animais em que foram realizados testes rápidos para pesquisa de antígeno em amostras nasais e oculares no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Observou-se que 47% (32/67) dos cães analisados foram positivos para cinomose canina. As variáveis que apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) para a infecção foram animais sem raça definida 60% (21/35), animais não vacinados 70% (29/42), e período seco do ano, sendo o mês de agosto (40%; 13/32), com maior ocorrência. Os principais sistemas afetados foram o respiratório 61% (17/28), oftalmológico 70% (22/31), nervoso 69% (13/19), dermatológico 45% (9/20), e gastrintestinal 42% (6/14). As principais alterações hematológicas foram anemia 66% (23/32), leucopenia 76% (19/25) e linfopenia 48% (15/31). Concluiu-se que foi elevada a ocorrência de cinomose canina em animais com suspeita clínica no Semiárido Paraibano, e animais sem raça definida, não vacinados, no período seco do ano foram mais diagnosticados com a enfermidade.(AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of distemper canine distemper vírus (CDV) infection in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, using rapid immunochromatographic tests, correlating it with the main clinical and hematological findings. 67 records of animals were analyzed in which rapid tests were performed for antigen research in nasal and ocular from January to December 2019. It was observed that 47% (32/67) of compulsory dogs were positive for canine distemper. The variables that defined difference difference (p <0.05) for infection were mixed breed animals 60% (21/35), unvaccinated animals 70% (29/42), and dry period of the year, being the August (40%; 13/32), with greater occurrence. The main affected systems were the respiratory 61% (17/28), ophthalmological 70% (22/31), nervous 69% (13/19), dermatological 45% (9/20), and gastrointestinal 42% (6/14 )) The main changes were hematological, anemia 66% (23/32), leukopenia 76% (19/25) and lymphopenia 48% (15/31). It was concluded that the occurrence of canine distemper in animals with clinical suspicion in the Semiarid Paraibano was high, and non-vaccinated mixed-breed animals in the dry period of the year were more diagnosed with the disease.(AU)

Diagnóstico de cinomose canina por meio de teste imunocromatográfico e sua correlação com achados clínicos e hematológicos no semiárido da Paraíba / Diagnosis of canine distemper by immunochromatographic test and its correlation with clinical and hematological findings in the semiarid region of Paraíba

Objetivou-se através deste trabalho, determinar a prevalência de cinomose canina no semiárido da Paraíba, através de testes rápidos imunocromatográficos, correlacionando-a com os principais achados clínicos e hematológicos. Foram analisadas 67 fichas de animais em que foram realizados testes rápidos para pesquisa de antígeno em amostras nasais e oculares no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Observou-se que 47% (32/67) dos cães analisados foram positivos para cinomose canina. As variáveis que apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) para a infecção foram animais sem raça definida 60% (21/35), animais não vacinados 70% (29/42), e período seco do ano, sendo o mês de agosto (40%; 13/32), com maior ocorrência. Os principais sistemas afetados foram o respiratório 61% (17/28), oftalmológico 70% (22/31), nervoso 69% (13/19), dermatológico 45% (9/20), e gastrintestinal 42% (6/14). As principais alterações hematológicas foram anemia 66% (23/32), leucopenia 76% (19/25) e linfopenia 48% (15/31). Concluiu-se que foi elevada a ocorrência de cinomose canina em animais com suspeita clínica no Semiárido Paraibano, e animais sem raça definida, não vacinados, no período seco do ano foram mais diagnosticados com a enfermidade.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of distemper canine distemper vírus (CDV) infection in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, using rapid immunochromatographic tests, correlating it with the main clinical and hematological findings. 67 records of animals were analyzed in which rapid tests were performed for antigen research in nasal and ocular from January to December 2019. It was observed that 47% (32/67) of compulsory dogs were positive for canine distemper. The variables that defined difference difference (p <0.05) for infection were mixed breed animals 60% (21/35), unvaccinated animals 70% (29/42), and dry period of the year, being the August (40%; 13/32), with greater occurrence. The main affected systems were the respiratory 61% (17/28), ophthalmological 70% (22/31), nervous 69% (13/19), dermatological 45% (9/20), and gastrointestinal 42% (6/14 )) The main changes were hematological, anemia 66% (23/32), leukopenia 76% (19/25) and lymphopenia 48% (15/31). It was concluded that the occurrence of canine distemper in animals with clinical suspicion in the Semiarid Paraibano was high, and non-vaccinated mixed-breed animals in the dry period of the year were more diagnosed with the disease.

Diversity of enteric coccidia in pigs from the Paraíba Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil / Diversidade de coccídios entéricos em suínos no Semiárido Paraibano, Nordeste do Brasil

There is great diversity in swine coccidia, which are responsible for causing intestinal disorders ranging from sporadic diarrhea to severe cases of hemorrhagic enteritis. Thus, determining the species of coccidia that affect the animals of a region and associating them with the characteristics of the farms become extremely important. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coccidia parasites in pigs reared in a family farming production system in the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Fecal samples for analysis were collected from 187 pigs on 51 farms. For morphological analysis, 1,590 sporulated oocysts were used. The prevalence of oocysts in fecal samples was 56.6% (106/187). The most prevalent species were Eimeria suis (21.9%), followed by Eimeria neodebliecki (16.6%), Eimeria perminuta (14.9%), Eimeria polita (12.8%), Eimeria debliecki (10.6%), Eimeria porci (10.1%), Cystoisospora suis (3.7%), Eimeria scabra (1.6%) and Eimeria cerdonis (0.5%). It can be concluded that pigs from the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba were parasitized by a diversity of coccidia species, mainly of the genus Eimeria, and predominantly presented with mixed infections occurring in the subclinical form.(AU)

Há uma grande diversidade de coccídios que parasitam os suínos, sendo responsáveis por causarem desordens intestinais que variam de diarreias esporádicas a casos severos de enterites hemorrágicas. Assim, determinar as espécies de coccídios que afetam os animais de uma região e associá-los com as características das fazendas torna-se extremamente importante. Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência de coccídios em suínos criados em sistema de produção de agricultura familiar no Semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisados oocistos íntegros e esporulados no período de março a setembro de 2018, oriundos de 187 suínos, em 51 propriedades. Para a análise morfológica foram utilizados 1.590 oocistos esporulados. A prevalência de oocistos de coccídios foi detectada em 56,6% (106/187) das amostras analisadas. A espécie mais prevalente foi Eimeria suis (21,9%), seguida por Eimeria neodebliecki (16,6%), Eimeria perminuta (14,9%), Eimeria polita (12,8%), Eimeria debliecki (10,6%), Eimeria porci (10,1%), Cystoisospora suis (3,7%), Eimeria scabra (1,6%) e Eimeria cerdonis (0,5%). Concluiu-se que os suínos do Semiárido da Paraíba estavam parasitados por uma alta diversidade de espécies de coccídios, principalmente do gênero Eimeria, apresentando predominantemente infeções mistas, que ocorrem sob a forma subclínica.(AU)

Prevalence and clinical aspects of Otodectes cynotis infestation in dogs and cats in the Semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Background: Infestation by Otodectes cynotis is one of the main causes of external otitis in small animals, causing greatdisconfort and predisposition to secondary bacterial or fungal infections, with relevant importance in the small animalmedicine. In dogs, a small number of this parasite in the ears may cause inflammation, while in cats, otoacariasis accountsfor half of the external otitis cases. Due to the insufficiency of data about the prevalence of this disease in the Northeastregion of Brazil, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical aspects of O. cynotis in dogsand cats from the Semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was conducted in the municipality of Sousa, Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of102 dogs and 152 cats had their external ear canals examined by bilateral otoscopy, using an otoscope with a veterinarycone that allows inspection of the external ear canal. Parasitological swabs were also used to determine the prevalence ofparasitism by Otodectes cynotis. Samples collected in swabs were stored in a 70% alcohol preservative solution and sentto the Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, in wich were examinated on direct research, using microscopes in the 10xobjective (magnification of 100x). In all animals, clinical examinations were performed and their owners answered anepidemiological questionnaire to collect information about food and sanitary management. During the clinical examination,characteristics such as otopodal reflex, and the presence of pruritus and/or cerumen were also evaluated. The prevalence ofdogs and cats positive for O. cynotis was 33.3% (34/102) and 52.6% (80/152), respectively. Bilateral infestations occurredin 52.9% (18/34) of the positive dogs. Most of the positive animals showed evidence of the mite in both tests, Otoscopy +Swab [dogs: 58.8% (20/34) and cats: 66.2% (53/80)].Discussion: A high prevalence of...

Prevalence and clinical aspects of Otodectes cynotis infestation in dogs and cats in the Semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Background: Infestation by Otodectes cynotis is one of the main causes of external otitis in small animals, causing greatdisconfort and predisposition to secondary bacterial or fungal infections, with relevant importance in the small animalmedicine. In dogs, a small number of this parasite in the ears may cause inflammation, while in cats, otoacariasis accountsfor half of the external otitis cases. Due to the insufficiency of data about the prevalence of this disease in the Northeastregion of Brazil, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical aspects of O. cynotis in dogsand cats from the Semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was conducted in the municipality of Sousa, Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of102 dogs and 152 cats had their external ear canals examined by bilateral otoscopy, using an otoscope with a veterinarycone that allows inspection of the external ear canal. Parasitological swabs were also used to determine the prevalence ofparasitism by Otodectes cynotis. Samples collected in swabs were stored in a 70% alcohol preservative solution and sentto the Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, in wich were examinated on direct research, using microscopes in the 10xobjective (magnification of 100x). In all animals, clinical examinations were performed and their owners answered anepidemiological questionnaire to collect information about food and sanitary management. During the clinical examination,characteristics such as otopodal reflex, and the presence of pruritus and/or cerumen were also evaluated. The prevalence ofdogs and cats positive for O. cynotis was 33.3% (34/102) and 52.6% (80/152), respectively. Bilateral infestations occurredin 52.9% (18/34) of the positive dogs. Most of the positive animals showed evidence of the mite in both tests, Otoscopy +Swab [dogs: 58.8% (20/34) and cats: 66.2% (53/80)].Discussion: A high prevalence of...(AU)