Sensibilidade de bactérias causadoras de mastite bovinaaextratos de plantas nativas do cerrado / Sensitivity of bacteria causing bovine mastitis toextractsofnative plants of the cerrado / Sensibilidad de bacterias causantes de mastitis bovinaaextractos de plantas nativas en cerrado

A mastite bovina é a doença mais onerosa da produção leiteira e é caracterizadapelainflamação da glândula mamária. O tratamento da doença, sem o controle adequado, geramicrorganismos resistentes. Desta forma o uso de fitoterápicos tem se tornado uma fontedepesquisa como possível alternativa, como as plantas nativas do cerrado Dedaleiro (Lafoensiapacari), Jatobá (Hymenaea sp.) e Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens). No presentetrabalho, bactérias isoladas de vacas com mastite subclínica foram identificadas por testesbioquímicos. Posteriormente foram feitos testes de antibiograma e pesquisa por genesderesistência a antibióticos, por fim foi realizado o teste para avaliação da sensibilidadeaosextratos das plantas do cerrado. Foram identificados Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Enterobacter sp. e Escherichia coli (E. coli). Entre os isolados de S. aureus, foramencontrados resistentes a meticilina (MARS), bem como resistentes à vancomicina (VARS). Foram encontrados isolados produtores de beta-lactamases de espectro extendido(ESBL)para Entreobacter sp. e E. coli. Os extratos, principalmente de Stryphnodendron adstringenseLafoensia pacari, são uma alternativa para a terapêutica antimicrobiana.(AU)

Bovine mastitis is the most costly disease of dairy production and is characterizedbyinflammation of the mammary gland. The treatment of the disease, without adequate control, generates resistant microorganisms. In this way, the use of herbal medicines has becomeasource of research as a possible alternative, such as the native plants of the cerrado Dedaleiro(Lafoensia pacari), Jatobá (Hymenaea sp.) and Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens). In the present work, bacteria isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis were identifiedthrough biochemical tests. Subsequently, antibiogram tests and research for antibioticresistance genes were carried out, finally the test was carried out to evaluate the sensitivitytoextracts of cerrado plants. Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Enterobacter sp. andEscherichia coli (E. coli). Among the S. aureus isolates, methicillin resistant (MARS) as well as vancomycin resistant (VARS) were found. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)producing isolates were found for Entreobacter sp. and E. coli. The extracts, mainly from Stryphnodendron adstringens and Lafoensia pacari, are an alternative for antimicrobial therapy.(AU)

La mastitis bovina es la enfermedad más costosa de la producción lechera y se caracterizaporla inflamación de la glándula mamaria. El tratamiento de la enfermedad, sin uncontrol adecuado, genera microorganismos resistentes. De esta forma, el uso de fitoterápicos sehaconvertido en fuente de investigación como posible alternativa, como las plantas nativas del cerrado Dedaleiro (Lafoensia pacari), Jatobá (Hymenaea sp.) y Barbatimão (Stryphnodendronadstringens). En el presente trabajo se identificaron mediante pruebas bioquímicas bacteriasaisladas de vacas con mastitis subclínica. Posteriormente se realizaron pruebas deantibiograma e investigación de genes de resistencia a antibióticos, finalmente se realizólaprueba para evaluar la sensibilidad a extractos de plantas de cerrado. Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Enterobacter sp. y Escherichia coli (E. coli). Entre los aislamientos de S. aureus, se encontraron resistentes a la meticilina (MARS) y resistentes a la vancomicina (VARS). Seencontraron aislamientos productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (ESBL) paraEntreobacter sp. y E. coli. Los extractos, principalmente de Stryphnodendron adstringensyLafoensia pacari, son una alternativa para la terapia antimicrobiana.(AU)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the environment of a Veterinary Academic Hospital in Brazil - resistance profile

Background: The presence of resistant and potentially virulent bacterial strains in a veterinary hospital environment is a neglected problem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism present and circulating in the veterinary hospital environment, of clinical importance and zooanthroponotic transmission of P. aeruginosa has also been reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of P. aeruginosa present in a veterinary hospital environment by evaluating their resistance profile and biofilm production. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 306 samples were collected from the veterinary hospital environment (swabs from consultation tables, surgical tables, door handles, hospitalization cages, stethoscopes, thermometers, and muzzles). The isolates were biochemically identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa through nitrate to nitrite reduction, motility and oxidase test, growth at 42°C, pigment production, and alkalinization of acetamide. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Twenty seven isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained, with a frequency of 8.8%. The detection of beta-lactamase production and biofilm formation genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two multidrug resistant (MDR) and 3 single-drug resistant (SDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that the strains carried genes related to beta-lactamase production (TEM and CTX-M group 25) and biofilm production (pelA, pslA, ppyR). Discussion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a major cause of opportunistic hospital infections, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, both in...(AU)

Antimicrobial resistance of Shiga toxin­producing Escherichia coliisolated from sheep / Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga resistentes a antimicrobianos isoladas de ovinos

The presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and resistance to beta-lactams in healthy sheep represents a potential public health risk. This study aimed to characterize STEC isolates in sheep feces for toxin production and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In the present study, among the 40 isolates, we found a predominance of subtype Stx1 (22/40), followed by subtype Stx1 + Stx2 (11/40), while the less prevalent group was Stx2 (7/40). Also, we found phenotypical resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in 50% (20/40) of the strains analyzed, forming two groups, one with resistant isolates and the other with non-resistant isolates. The cytotoxicity of the isolates did not vary among the groups. In addition to having this characteristic, some multiresistant isolates produced significant amounts of toxins. This leads to the conclusion that the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance via beta-lactamases are present in sheep STEC and that the cytotoxicity of those isolates is variable regarding such resistance.(AU)

A presença de Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC) e resistente a beta-lactâmicos em ovinos saudáveis, representa um risco potencial para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar isolados STEC presentes em fezes de ovinos, quanto a produção de toxina, bem como a resistência aos antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. No presente estudo, dentre os quarenta isolados, foi observada a predominância do subtipo Stx1 (22/40), seguido do subtipo Stx1+ Stx2 (11/40), enquanto o grupo menos prevalente foi Stx2 (7/40). A resistência fenotípica aos antibióticos beta-lactâmicos foi observada em 50% (20/40) das cepas analisadas, formando dois grupos, um com isolados resistentes e outro de isolados não resistentes. A citotoxicidade dos isolados não variou entre os grupos. Alguns isolados multirresistentes, além de possuírem essa característica, produziram quantidades significativas de toxinas. Isto conclui, que os mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana, por meio de beta-lactamases estão presentes em STEC de ovinos, e que a citotoxicidade desses isolados é variável com relação a esta resistência.(AU)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the environment of a Veterinary Academic Hospital in Brazil - resistance profile

Background: The presence of resistant and potentially virulent bacterial strains in a veterinary hospital environment is a neglected problem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism present and circulating in the veterinary hospital environment, of clinical importance and zooanthroponotic transmission of P. aeruginosa has also been reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of P. aeruginosa present in a veterinary hospital environment by evaluating their resistance profile and biofilm production. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 306 samples were collected from the veterinary hospital environment (swabs from consultation tables, surgical tables, door handles, hospitalization cages, stethoscopes, thermometers, and muzzles). The isolates were biochemically identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa through nitrate to nitrite reduction, motility and oxidase test, growth at 42°C, pigment production, and alkalinization of acetamide. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Twenty seven isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained, with a frequency of 8.8%. The detection of beta-lactamase production and biofilm formation genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two multidrug resistant (MDR) and 3 single-drug resistant (SDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that the strains carried genes related to beta-lactamase production (TEM and CTX-M group 25) and biofilm production (pelA, pslA, ppyR). Discussion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a major cause of opportunistic hospital infections, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, both in...