Digestible tryptophan diet levels and eggs quality of japanese quail from 21 to 30 weeks of age / Níveis de triptofano digestível na dieta e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas de 21 a 30 semanas de idade

The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestible tryptophan level(dig. Trp) for laying Japanese quail diets. Four hundred Japanese quail aging 21 to 30 weeks were housed in laying cages, with initial average weight of 158.50 g and egg production of 84.50%. The experimental arrangement consisted on a randomized design, containing eight blocks, five of tryptophan levels (0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.24 and 0.28% dig. Trp), eight replicates of ten birds and three experimental periods of 21 days. The evaluated parameters were feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%/bird/day), average weight of eggs (g), weights of yolk (g), albumen (g), shell (g), percentage of shell (%), specific gravity (g/cm3) and Haugh units. The tryptophan level affected (P 0.05) all parameters, except feed intake, average eggs weight and weight of yolk. The performance of quails using the statistical adjustment through quadratic regression, broken-line regression model, suggested that the minimum requirement of diets of digestible tryptophan is 0.21% of the diet, allowed the daily intake of 45.0 mg of tryptophan per bird, and the corresponding ratio between digestible tryptophan and digestible lysine was 21%. KEY-WORDS: Amino acids. Coturnix coturnix japônica. Exigency Quality of eggs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de triptofano digestível (Trp dig.) em dietas para codornas japonesas em fase de postura. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas japonesas de 21 a 30 semanas de idade, alojadas em gaiolas de postura, com peso inicial de 158,50 gramas e produção média de ovos de 84,50%. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, constituído por oito blocos, cinco tratamentos(0,12; 0,16; 0,20; 0,24 e 0,28% Trp dig.), oito repetições de dez aves/repetição e três períodos experimentais de 21 dias cada. As variáveis avaliadas foram consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%/ave/dia), peso médio dos ovos (g), pesos de gema (g), albúmen (g), casca (g), porcentagem de casca (%), gravidade específica (g/cm3) e unidades Haugh. Todas as variáveis apresentaram efeitos (P

In ovo administration of glutamine and lysine on the development of intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens on the first week after hatching / Administração in ovo de glutamina e de lisina sobre o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal de frangos na primeira semana pós-eclosão

This study evaluated the effect of in ovo glutamine and lysine injections on the intestinal development of broiler chickens from the first to the seventh day of life. Three hundred fertile eggs from Cobb® broiler breeders were submitted to the treatments: - glutamine injection (1%); - lysine injection(1%); - water injection; - control group without injection. The injections (150L) were applied in the allantoic cavity at 11 days of incubation. At day 1, 4 and 7 post-hatch body weight was recorded and samples of small intestine were collected for mucosa morphometric analysis. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized 4X3 factorial design(treatment x age). Body weight at hatch was not affected by treatments; however, broilers from control group were heavier at 4º and 7º days. At hatch, the intestinal villus width was larger in chicks coming from eggs injected with water. The same occurs with the jejunal and ileal villus size. However, at 4 and 7 days of age, villus width and size were similar among treatments. The findings of this study suggest that in ovo injection of glutamine and lysine (1g/100mL water) in the allantoic cavity do not improve broiler chickens performance (body weight) and intestinal development at the first week posthatch. KEY-WORDS: Amino acid. First week post hatch. Small intestine. In ovo feeding.

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de injeções in ovo de glutamina e de lisina sobre o desenvolvimento intestinal de frangos de corte de 1 a 7 dias. Foram utilizados 300 ovos férteis, de matrizes Cobb®, submetidos aos tratamentos: - injeção de glutamina (1%); -injeção de lisina (1%); - injeção de água bi-destilada; -controle sem injeção. As injeções (150L) foram aplicadas na cavidade alantóide no 11º dia de incubação. No 1º, 4º e 7º dias póseclosão foi avaliado o peso médio corporal e realizadas análises morfométricas da mucosa do intestino delgado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 (tratamento x idade). O peso médio corporal ao nascimento não foi alterado pelos tratamentos, no entanto, as aves do grupo controle foram mais pesadas no 4º e 7º dias. No primeiro dia de vida, a largura das vilosidades intestinais foi maior nas aves provenientes de ovos submetidos à injeção de água, assim como a altura das vilosidades do duodeno e jejuno. Entretanto, no 4º e 7º dias de vida não se observou diferença na altura e largura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que injeções in ovo, via cavidade alantóide, de solução de glutamina e de lisina nas concentrações de 1g/100 mL de água não melhoram o desenvolvimento (peso vivo) e as características morfológicas do intestino das aves

Texture and metabolizable energy levels of the diet for broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age / Forma física e níveis de energia metabolizável da ração para frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of feed form and diet metabolizable energy levels (ME) on broiler chickens performance from 1 to 21 days of age. Four hundred and eighty chickens were randomly assigned in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme: ME (2900 and 3050 kcal/kg) and feed form (mash, crumbled, and extrused), with four replicates of 20 birds each. No interaction was observed between the factors on performance characteristics from 1 to 7 and 1 to 14 days. The studied factors did not influence chickens performance from 1 to 7 days. At 14 days, chickens fed extrused diets showed lower feed intake without impairing other characteristics. Also, broilers fed diets containing 3050 kcal/kg ME had better weight gain and feed conversion without influencing feed intake. A significant interaction between factors was found for weight gain and feed conversion from 1 to 21 days, where broilers fed crumbled diets with 2900 kcal/kg ME showed better performance. Feed intake was not influenced by ME in any age. It is possible to conclude that the use of crumbled diet allows a reduction in ME and promote better performance in relation to extrused and mash diet. Broilers chickens at initial phase do not control the feed intake according to ME of the diet at the studied levels. KEY-WORDS: Crumbled diet. Extrused diet. Mash diet. Metabolizable energy. Pelleted diet. Performance.

TEXTURE AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY LEVELS OF THE DIET FOR BROILER CHICKENS FROM 1 TO 21 DAYS OF AGE. / FORMA FÍSICA E NÍVEIS DE ENERGIA METABOLIZÁVEL DA RAÇÃO PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE DE 1 A 21 DIAS DE IDADE.

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of feed form and diet metabolizable energy levels (ME) on broiler chickens performance from 1 to 21 days of age. Four hundred and eighty chickens were randomly assigned in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme: ME (2900 and 3050 kcal/kg) and feed form (mash, crumbled, and extrused), with four replicates of 20 birds each. No interaction was observed between the factors on performance characteristics from 1 to 7 and 1 to 14 days. The studied factors did not influence chickens performance from 1 to 7 days. At 14 days, chickens fed extrused diets showed lower feed intake without impairing other characteristics. Also, broilers fed diets containing 3050 kcal/kg ME had better weight gain and feed conversion without influencing feed intake. A significant interaction between factors was found for weight gain and feed conversion from 1 to 21 days, where broilers fed crumbled diets with 2900 kcal/kg ME showed better performance. Feed intake was not influenced by ME in any age. It is possible to conclude that the use of crumbled diet allows a reduction in ME and promote better performance in relation to extrused and mash diet. Broilers chickens at initial phase do not control the feed intake according to ME of the diet at the studied levels. KEY-WORDS: Crumbled diet. Extrused diet. Mash diet. Metabolizable energy. Pelleted diet. Performance.

DIGESTIBLE TRYPTOPHAN DIET LEVELS AND EGGS QUALITY OF JAPANESE QUAIL FROM 21 TO 30 WEEKS OF AGE / NÍVEIS DE TRIPTOFANO DIGESTÍVEL NA DIETA E A QUALIDADE DOS OVOS DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS DE 21 A 30 SEMANAS DE IDADE

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestible tryptophan level(dig. Trp) for laying Japanese quail diets. Four hundred Japanese quail aging 21 to 30 weeks were housed in laying cages, with initial average weight of 158.50 g and egg production of 84.50%. The experimental arrangement consisted on a randomized design, containing eight blocks, five of tryptophan levels (0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.24 and 0.28% dig. Trp), eight replicates of ten birds and three experimental periods of 21 days. The evaluated parameters were feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%/bird/day), average weight of eggs (g), weights of yolk (g), albumen (g), shell (g), percentage of shell (%), specific gravity (g/cm3) and Haugh units. The tryptophan level affected (P 0.05) all parameters, except feed intake, average eggs weight and weight of yolk. The performance of quails using the statistical adjustment through quadratic regression, broken-line regression model, suggested that the minimum requirement of diets of digestible tryptophan is 0.21% of the diet, allowed the daily intake of 45.0 mg of tryptophan per bird, and the corresponding ratio between digestible tryptophan and digestible lysine was 21%. KEY-WORDS: Amino acids. Coturnix coturnix japônica. Exigency Quality of eggs.    

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de triptofano digestível (Trp dig.) em dietas para codornas japonesas em fase de postura. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas japonesas de 21 a 30 semanas de idade, alojadas em gaiolas de postura, com peso inicial de 158,50 gramas e produção média de ovos de 84,50%. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, constituído por oito blocos, cinco tratamentos(0,12; 0,16; 0,20; 0,24 e 0,28% Trp dig.), oito repetições de dez aves/repetição e três períodos experimentais de 21 dias cada. As variáveis avaliadas foram consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%/ave/dia), peso médio dos ovos (g), pesos de gema (g), albúmen (g), casca (g), porcentagem de casca (%), gravidade específica (g/cm3) e unidades Haugh. Todas as variáveis apresentaram efeitos (P

IN OVO ADMINISTRATION OF GLUTAMINE AND LYSINE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF BROILER CHICKENS ON THE FIRST WEEK AFTER HATCHING. / ADMINISTRAÇÃO IN OVO DE GLUTAMINA E DE LISINA SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA MUCOSA INTESTINAL DE FRANGOS NA PRIMEIRA SEMANA PÓS-ECLOSÃO.

This study evaluated the effect of in ovo glutamine and lysine injections on the intestinal development of broiler chickens from the first to the seventh day of life. Three hundred fertile eggs from Cobb® broiler breeders were submitted to the treatments: - glutamine injection (1%); - lysine injection(1%); - water injection; - control group without injection. The injections (150L) were applied in the allantoic cavity at 11 days of incubation. At day 1, 4 and 7 post-hatch body weight was recorded and samples of small intestine were collected for mucosa morphometric analysis. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized 4X3 factorial design(treatment x age). Body weight at hatch was not affected by treatments; however, broilers from control group were heavier at 4º and 7º days. At hatch, the intestinal villus width was larger in chicks coming from eggs injected with water. The same occurs with the jejunal and ileal villus size. However, at 4 and 7 days of age, villus width and size were similar among treatments. The findings of this study suggest that in ovo injection of glutamine and lysine (1g/100mL water) in the allantoic cavity do not improve broiler chickens performance (body weight) and intestinal development at the first week posthatch. KEY-WORDS: Amino acid. First week post hatch. Small intestine. In ovo feeding.

Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de injeções in ovo de glutamina e de lisina sobre o desenvolvimento intestinal de frangos de corte de 1 a 7 dias. Foram utilizados 300 ovos férteis, de matrizes Cobb®, submetidos aos tratamentos: - injeção de glutamina (1%); -injeção de lisina (1%); - injeção de água bi-destilada; -controle sem injeção. As injeções (150L) foram aplicadas na cavidade alantóide no 11º dia de incubação. No 1º, 4º e 7º dias póseclosão foi avaliado o peso médio corporal e realizadas análises morfométricas da mucosa do intestino delgado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 (tratamento x idade). O peso médio corporal ao nascimento não foi alterado pelos tratamentos, no entanto, as aves do grupo controle foram mais pesadas no 4º e 7º dias. No primeiro dia de vida, a largura das vilosidades intestinais foi maior nas aves provenientes de ovos submetidos à injeção de água, assim como a altura das vilosidades do duodeno e jejuno. Entretanto, no 4º e 7º dias de vida não se observou diferença na altura e largura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que injeções in ovo, via cavidade alantóide, de solução de glutamina e de lisina nas concentrações de 1g/100 mL de água não melhoram o desenvolvimento (peso vivo) e as características morfológicas do intestino das aves