Physiological parameters of F1 Holstein × Zebu cows fed with banana peel / Parâmetros fisiológicos de vacas F1 Holandês × Zebu alimentadas com inclusão de casca de banana

The objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of banana peel inclusion on the physiological variables of lactating F1 Holstein × Zebu cows. Ten cows distributed in two 5 × 5 Latin squares were used. Five experimental diets were tested: sorghum silage (control group); and the addition of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of banana peel to replace sorghum silage. The experiment lasted 80 days. The environmental and physiological variables of the animals were measured. The Black Globe-Humidity Index presented an alert situation in the morning shift and a dangerous situation in the afternoon shift. The respiratory rate was not influenced by the levels of banana peel inclusion (P > 0.05) in the morning shift. However, it was influenced (P < 0.05) in the afternoon shift. The levels of banana peel inclusion in the diet did not affect the rectal temperature. Under the study environmental conditions, the level of up to 60% of banana peel replacing sorghum silage did not alter the physiological variables of thermoregulation in F1 Holstein × Zebu cows.

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de inclusão da casca de banana sobre as variáveis fisiológicas de vacas F1 Holandesas × Zebu em lactação. Foram utilizadas 10 vacas distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 5×5. Sendo cinco dietas experimentais: silagem de sorgo (grupo controle); e a inserção de 15, 30, 45 e 60% da casca de banana em substituição a silagem de sorgo. O experimento teve duração de 80 dias. Mensuraram-se as variáveis ambientais e fisiológicas dos animais. O índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade encontrada no turno matutino apresentou uma situação de alerta e no turno vespertino uma situação perigosa. A frequência respiratória foi influenciada pelos níveis de inclusão de casca de banana no turno vespertino. A temperatura retal não foi influenciada pelos níveis de inclusão de casca de banana na dieta. Sob as condições ambientais estudadas, o nível de até 60% de casca de banana, em substituição a silagem de sorgo, não alterou as variáveis fisiológicas de termorregulação em vacas F1 Holandesas × Zebu.

Use of alternative tiles in the free-range broilers rearing: thermal environment, productive performance and physiological responses

The physiological parameters and the productive performance of free-range broilers submitted to installations with different materials of tile composition were evaluated. 320 male broilers of the Vermelho Pesadão lineage were used, with an initial age of 35 days, distributed among the following treatments: 1) Fiber cement tile painted white on the outside; 2) Cardboard tile coated with double-sided canvas - black for the interior and white for the exterior; 3) Tetra Pak® box tile; 4) Tile of Tetra Pak® boxes covered with PET bottles. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 replicates per treatment and 20 broilers per experimental unit. The climatic environment was evaluated daily at 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours. The productive and physiological parameters were evaluated every 7 days, the last ones being collected at 9 and 15 hours. In the afternoon, the highest values of air temperature and black globe temperature index and humidity were recorded, regardless of the materials evaluated. Fiber cement tiles and cardboard tiles coated with double-sided canvas showed the lowest values of climatic variables. There was no difference between the types of tile for the variables of productive performance and physiological parameters. It was concluded that the fiber-cement tiles painted white on the outside, and the cardboard coated with light canvas on the outside provided a better thermal environment inside the aviaries, which can be indicated for use in shelters for the creation of free-range broilers.(AU)

Use of alternative tiles in the free-range broilers rearing: thermal environment, productive performance and physiological responses

The physiological parameters and the productive performance of free-range broilers submitted to installations with different materials of tile composition were evaluated. 320 male broilers of the Vermelho Pesadão lineage were used, with an initial age of 35 days, distributed among the following treatments: 1) Fiber cement tile painted white on the outside; 2) Cardboard tile coated with double-sided canvas - black for the interior and white for the exterior; 3) Tetra Pak® box tile; 4) Tile of Tetra Pak® boxes covered with PET bottles. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 replicates per treatment and 20 broilers per experimental unit. The climatic environment was evaluated daily at 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours. The productive and physiological parameters were evaluated every 7 days, the last ones being collected at 9 and 15 hours. In the afternoon, the highest values of air temperature and black globe temperature index and humidity were recorded, regardless of the materials evaluated. Fiber cement tiles and cardboard tiles coated with double-sided canvas showed the lowest values of climatic variables. There was no difference between the types of tile for the variables of productive performance and physiological parameters. It was concluded that the fiber-cement tiles painted white on the outside, and the cardboard coated with light canvas on the outside provided a better thermal environment inside the aviaries, which can be indicated for use in shelters for the creation of free-range broilers.

Phenotypic characterization and weight prediction of crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês ewes / Caracterização fenotípica e predição do peso de ovelhas mestiças Dorper × Santa Inês

The objective was to determine zoometric indices, correlate, and predict body weight based on the biometric measurements of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) ewes created extensively. Were 25 F1 D × SI sheep monitored, with ages varying from 2 to 9 months. Body weight, thoracic perimeter, belly perimeter, body length, withers height, rump height, rump width, and rump length were measured on a monthly basis and zoometric indices were estimated from them. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The biometric measurements and zoometric indices of F1 D × SI ewes indicate an animal of aptitude for cutting, with good conformation. In addition, they demonstrate favorable aspects for reproduction, a fundamental characteristic in the selection of matrices. Body weight has a high and positive correlation for all characteristics analyzed, with values ranging from 0.74 of the rump length to 0.88 of the thoracic perimeter. The regressions for all biometric measurements were highly significant (P 0.0001) with an emphasis on the thoracic perimeter that has the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.77), the other measures presented below 0.70. It was concluded that F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes have characteristics for meat production and for reproduction. Also, of the biometric measurements, the thoracic perimeter can be used to predict the body weight of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar índices zoométricos, correlacionar e predizer o peso corporal a partir das medidas biométricas de fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) criadas extensivamente. Foram acompanhadas 25 fêmeas ovinas F1 D × SI, com idades variando de 2 a 9 meses. Mensurou-se mensalmente o peso corporal, perímetro torácico, perímetro de barriga, comprimento corporal, altura de cernelha, altura de garupa, largura de garupa, comprimento de garupa e a partir dos mesmos estimou-se os índices zoométricos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão. As medidas biométricas e os índices zoométricos das fêmeas F1 D × SI indicam um animal de aptidão para corte, com boa conformação, além disso, demonstram aspectos favoráveis para reprodução, característica fundamental na seleção de matrizes. O peso corporal apresenta correlação alta e positiva para todas as características analisadas, com valores variando de 0,74 do comprimento de garupa a 0,88 de perímetro torácico. As regressões para todas as medidas biométricas foram altamente significativas (P 0,0001) com destaque para o perímetro torácico que apresenta o maior coeficiente de determinação (R² = 0,77), as demais medidas apresentaram abaixo de 0,70. Conclui-se que as fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês apresentam características para produção de carne e para reprodução. E que das medidas biométricas, o perímetro torácico, pode ser utilizado para predição do peso corporal das fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês.(AU)

Phenotypic characterization and weight prediction of crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês ewes / Caracterização fenotípica e predição do peso de ovelhas mestiças Dorper × Santa Inês

The objective was to determine zoometric indices, correlate, and predict body weight based on the biometric measurements of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) ewes created extensively. Were 25 F1 D × SI sheep monitored, with ages varying from 2 to 9 months. Body weight, thoracic perimeter, belly perimeter, body length, withers height, rump height, rump width, and rump length were measured on a monthly basis and zoometric indices were estimated from them. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The biometric measurements and zoometric indices of F1 D × SI ewes indicate an animal of aptitude for cutting, with good conformation. In addition, they demonstrate favorable aspects for reproduction, a fundamental characteristic in the selection of matrices. Body weight has a high and positive correlation for all characteristics analyzed, with values ranging from 0.74 of the rump length to 0.88 of the thoracic perimeter. The regressions for all biometric measurements were highly significant (P 0.0001) with an emphasis on the thoracic perimeter that has the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.77), the other measures presented below 0.70. It was concluded that F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes have characteristics for meat production and for reproduction. Also, of the biometric measurements, the thoracic perimeter can be used to predict the body weight of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes.

Objetivou-se determinar índices zoométricos, correlacionar e predizer o peso corporal a partir das medidas biométricas de fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) criadas extensivamente. Foram acompanhadas 25 fêmeas ovinas F1 D × SI, com idades variando de 2 a 9 meses. Mensurou-se mensalmente o peso corporal, perímetro torácico, perímetro de barriga, comprimento corporal, altura de cernelha, altura de garupa, largura de garupa, comprimento de garupa e a partir dos mesmos estimou-se os índices zoométricos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão. As medidas biométricas e os índices zoométricos das fêmeas F1 D × SI indicam um animal de aptidão para corte, com boa conformação, além disso, demonstram aspectos favoráveis para reprodução, característica fundamental na seleção de matrizes. O peso corporal apresenta correlação alta e positiva para todas as características analisadas, com valores variando de 0,74 do comprimento de garupa a 0,88 de perímetro torácico. As regressões para todas as medidas biométricas foram altamente significativas (P 0,0001) com destaque para o perímetro torácico que apresenta o maior coeficiente de determinação (R² = 0,77), as demais medidas apresentaram abaixo de 0,70. Conclui-se que as fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês apresentam características para produção de carne e para reprodução. E que das medidas biométricas, o perímetro torácico, pode ser utilizado para predição do peso corporal das fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês.

Behavioral and physiological responses of crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows and their interaction with the milker in two milking systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and their interaction with the milker in two types of milking systems. The experiment was conducted in two farms, in the Coração de Jesus city, Brazil, where the surface temperature (TS, °C), rectal temperature (TR, °C), respiratory rate (RR, breaths.min-1) and heart rate (HR, beats.min-1) of 44 crossbred cows during the morning shift on twelve days of data collection at each farm. It was monitored the meteorological variables: the black globe temperature (TGN, °C), air temperature (TAR, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (V, m.s-1). Observations about human behavior, negative patterns (tapping, yelling, and pushing) and positive patterns (talking, groping, and naming) were made without people being aware of their nature. The behavioral data observed in the animals were: vocalization (VOC), defecation (DEF), micturition (MIC) and movement (MOV) and milking time (TOR) was also recorded. The physiological variables were significant among farms, except heart rate. The talking, naming, pushing and shouting actions were not significant, only groping and hitting. The behavior occurrences VOC, MIC, and MOV of cows were low. The TO presented a positive correlation (P <0.01) with TS, TR, and HR and negative correlation (P <0.01) with RR. Under the conditions of this experiment, the type of milking system influenced the physiological responses. The milking system of type "bucket at the bottom" provided greater contact between the milker and the cow, leading to a greater negative interaction reflected by the defecation behavior.(AU)

Behavioral and physiological responses of crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows and their interaction with the milker in two milking systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and their interaction with the milker in two types of milking systems. The experiment was conducted in two farms, in the Coração de Jesus city, Brazil, where the surface temperature (TS, °C), rectal temperature (TR, °C), respiratory rate (RR, breaths.min-1) and heart rate (HR, beats.min-1) of 44 crossbred cows during the morning shift on twelve days of data collection at each farm. It was monitored the meteorological variables: the black globe temperature (TGN, °C), air temperature (TAR, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (V, m.s-1). Observations about human behavior, negative patterns (tapping, yelling, and pushing) and positive patterns (talking, groping, and naming) were made without people being aware of their nature. The behavioral data observed in the animals were: vocalization (VOC), defecation (DEF), micturition (MIC) and movement (MOV) and milking time (TOR) was also recorded. The physiological variables were significant among farms, except heart rate. The talking, naming, pushing and shouting actions were not significant, only groping and hitting. The behavior occurrences VOC, MIC, and MOV of cows were low. The TO presented a positive correlation (P <0.01) with TS, TR, and HR and negative correlation (P <0.01) with RR. Under the conditions of this experiment, the type of milking system influenced the physiological responses. The milking system of type "bucket at the bottom" provided greater contact between the milker and the cow, leading to a greater negative interaction reflected by the defecation behavior.

Biophysical responses of Santa Inês and crossbred Santa Inês-Dorper (F1) ewes to a hot environment

This study aimed to evaluate the biophysical responses of Santa Inês ewes and crossbred Santa Inês-Dorper ewes in a hot environment. Physiological parameters were measured: rectal temperature, respiratory rate, coat surface temperature, skin surface temperature, and heart rate. Biophysical parameters were also calculated: heat exchanges by cutaneous convection and radiation, as well as heat storage and thermal conduction in fleece. Throughout the collection period, meteorological variables were similarly monitored. The statistical design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 (two genotypes and two shifts). According to meteorological variables, the afternoon shift introduced itself with greater heat stress compared with the morning shift. The effect of interaction between genotypes and shifts for respiratory rate, rectal temperature, skin surface temperature, and hair coat surface temperature showed that genotypes exhibit different physiological behavior under similar heat stress situations. Heart rate had the effect of two sources of variation. As for the biophysical parameters, radiation and conduction exchanges in fleece presenting with the shift effect. Heat storage was slightly higher in Santa Inês ewes than in their crossbred Santa Inês-Dorper ewes. It was therefore concluded that crossbred ewes use physiological mechanisms more vigorously to perform heat exchanges, similar to Santa Inês ewes, which have become more adapted to a hot environment. (AU)

Biophysical responses of Santa Inês and crossbred Santa Inês-Dorper (F1) ewes to a hot environment

This study aimed to evaluate the biophysical responses of Santa Inês ewes and crossbred Santa Inês-Dorper ewes in a hot environment. Physiological parameters were measured: rectal temperature, respiratory rate, coat surface temperature, skin surface temperature, and heart rate. Biophysical parameters were also calculated: heat exchanges by cutaneous convection and radiation, as well as heat storage and thermal conduction in fleece. Throughout the collection period, meteorological variables were similarly monitored. The statistical design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 (two genotypes and two shifts). According to meteorological variables, the afternoon shift introduced itself with greater heat stress compared with the morning shift. The effect of interaction between genotypes and shifts for respiratory rate, rectal temperature, skin surface temperature, and hair coat surface temperature showed that genotypes exhibit different physiological behavior under similar heat stress situations. Heart rate had the effect of two sources of variation. As for the biophysical parameters, radiation and conduction exchanges in fleece presenting with the shift effect. Heat storage was slightly higher in Santa Inês ewes than in their crossbred Santa Inês-Dorper ewes. It was therefore concluded that crossbred ewes use physiological mechanisms more vigorously to perform heat exchanges, similar to Santa Inês ewes, which have become more adapted to a hot environment.

Tingui extract in conservation of Nile tilapia / Extrato de tingui na conservação da tilápia-do-Nilo

The aim was to evaluate the tingui extract applied previously to slaughter about changes post mortem of Nile tilapia. Were used 72 Nile tilapia with average weight of 527 ± 53 g. The fishes were randomly distributed in 12 boxes of 50 liters each, which were added three solutions according to the treatments, hydroalcoholic tingui extract; aqueous tingui extract and chlorine, forming a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. The fishes remained in the boxes for 40 minutes and after this period, were placed in insulated boxes containing ice and water (1:1), for stunning and slaughter. After, the fish were packed in plastic trays containing ice layers. The storage period was 21 days. Were evaluated the rigor mortis, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and sensory analysis. The rigor mortis of fishes reached fullness after 14 hours of storage for all treatments. The aqueous tingui extract treatment was the more efficient, preventing the fish suffer changes of pH and BNVT, during the storage by 21 days, besides being better accepted sensorily.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o extrato de tingui aplicado previamente ao abate nas alterações post mortem da tilápia-do-Nilo. Utilizou-se 72 exemplares de tilápia-do-Nilo com peso médio de 527 ± 53g. Os peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 caixas com capacidade de 50 litros cada, às quais foram adicionadas três soluções de acordo com os tratamentos, extrato de tingui hidroalcoólico; extrato de tingui aquoso e cloro, formando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os peixes permaneceram nas caixas durante 40 minutos e após esse período eles foram colocados em caixas isotérmicas contendo água e gelo (1:1) para a insensibilização e abate. Posteriormente, os peixes foram acondicionados em bandejas plásticas, contendo gelo em camadas. O período de armazenamento foi de 21 dias. Foram avaliados, o rigor mortis, pH, bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais (BNVT) e a análise sensorial. O rigor mortis dos peixes atingiu plenitude após 14 horas de armazenamento em todos os tratamentos. O tratamento com extrato de tingui aquoso se mostrou mais eficiente, evitando que o pescado sofresse alterações de pH e BNVT durante 21 dias de armazenamento, além de ser melhor aceito sensorialmente.(AU)

Tingui extract in conservation of Nile tilapia / Extrato de tingui na conservação da tilápia-do-Nilo

The aim was to evaluate the tingui extract applied previously to slaughter about changes post mortem of Nile tilapia. Were used 72 Nile tilapia with average weight of 527 ± 53 g. The fishes were randomly distributed in 12 boxes of 50 liters each, which were added three solutions according to the treatments, hydroalcoholic tingui extract; aqueous tingui extract and chlorine, forming a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. The fishes remained in the boxes for 40 minutes and after this period, were placed in insulated boxes containing ice and water (1:1), for stunning and slaughter. After, the fish were packed in plastic trays containing ice layers. The storage period was 21 days. Were evaluated the rigor mortis, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and sensory analysis. The rigor mortis of fishes reached fullness after 14 hours of storage for all treatments. The aqueous tingui extract treatment was the more efficient, preventing the fish suffer changes of pH and BNVT, during the storage by 21 days, besides being better accepted sensorily.

O objetivo foi avaliar o extrato de tingui aplicado previamente ao abate nas alterações post mortem da tilápia-do-Nilo. Utilizou-se 72 exemplares de tilápia-do-Nilo com peso médio de 527 ± 53g. Os peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 caixas com capacidade de 50 litros cada, às quais foram adicionadas três soluções de acordo com os tratamentos, extrato de tingui hidroalcoólico; extrato de tingui aquoso e cloro, formando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os peixes permaneceram nas caixas durante 40 minutos e após esse período eles foram colocados em caixas isotérmicas contendo água e gelo (1:1) para a insensibilização e abate. Posteriormente, os peixes foram acondicionados em bandejas plásticas, contendo gelo em camadas. O período de armazenamento foi de 21 dias. Foram avaliados, o rigor mortis, pH, bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais (BNVT) e a análise sensorial. O rigor mortis dos peixes atingiu plenitude após 14 horas de armazenamento em todos os tratamentos. O tratamento com extrato de tingui aquoso se mostrou mais eficiente, evitando que o pescado sofresse alterações de pH e BNVT durante 21 dias de armazenamento, além de ser melhor aceito sensorialmente.

Tegument study of Saanen goats and their crossbred Boer / Estudo do tegumento de cabras da raça Saanen e seus mestiços com Boer

The study aimed to evaluate Saanen goats and their crossbred Boer through the structures of tegument: sweat ducts, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and epidermal thickness as their thermoregulatory characteristics. Samples of tegument of genetic groups Saanen and Saanen x Boer were collected of the cervical, thoracic and gluteal regions for the preparation of histological slides. Thus the following measurements were obtained: epidermal thickness (m); hair follicles per area (2,281,700 m2); area (m2), perimeter (m) and quantity per area (2,281,700 m2) of the sweat ducts and sebaceous glands. The experimental design was completely randomized in 2x3 factorial (two genetic groups and three regions of tegument collection). Crossbred animal had greater number of hair follicles, which promotes greater protection factor to solar radiation,    and the gluteal region responsible by largest number of follicles.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar exemplares da raça caprina Saanen e seus mestiços com Boer através das estruturas do tegumento: ductos sudoríparos, glândulas sebáceas, folículos pilosos e espessura da epiderme quanto as suas características termorregulatórias. Foram coletadas amostras do tegumento dos grupos genéticos Saanen e Saanen x Boer, das regiões cervical, torácica e glútea, para a confecção das lâminas histológicas. Assim, obtiveram-se as seguintes medidas: espessura da epiderme (m); folículos pilosos por área (2.281.700 m2); área (m2), perímetro (m) e quantidade por área (2.281.700 m2) dos ductos sudoríparos e das glândulas sebáceas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3 (dois grupos genéticos e três regiões de coleta do tegumento). Os animais cruzados apresentaram maior número de folículos pilosos, o que promove maior fator de proteção à radiação solar, sendo a região glútea responsável pela maior quantidade de folículos.

Tegument study of Saanen goats and their crossbred Boer / Estudo do tegumento de cabras da raça Saanen e seus mestiços com Boer

The study aimed to evaluate Saanen goats and their crossbred Boer through the structures of tegument: sweat ducts, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and epidermal thickness as their thermoregulatory characteristics. Samples of tegument of genetic groups Saanen and Saanen x Boer were collected of the cervical, thoracic and gluteal regions for the preparation of histological slides. Thus the following measurements were obtained: epidermal thickness (m); hair follicles per area (2,281,700 m2); area (m2), perimeter (m) and quantity per area (2,281,700 m2) of the sweat ducts and sebaceous glands. The experimental design was completely randomized in 2x3 factorial (two genetic groups and three regions of tegument collection). Crossbred animal had greater number of hair follicles, which promotes greater protection factor to solar radiation,    and the gluteal region responsible by largest number of follicles.(AU)

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar exemplares da raça caprina Saanen e seus mestiços com Boer através das estruturas do tegumento: ductos sudoríparos, glândulas sebáceas, folículos pilosos e espessura da epiderme quanto as suas características termorregulatórias. Foram coletadas amostras do tegumento dos grupos genéticos Saanen e Saanen x Boer, das regiões cervical, torácica e glútea, para a confecção das lâminas histológicas. Assim, obtiveram-se as seguintes medidas: espessura da epiderme (m); folículos pilosos por área (2.281.700 m2); área (m2), perímetro (m) e quantidade por área (2.281.700 m2) dos ductos sudoríparos e das glândulas sebáceas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3 (dois grupos genéticos e três regiões de coleta do tegumento). Os animais cruzados apresentaram maior número de folículos pilosos, o que promove maior fator de proteção à radiação solar, sendo a região glútea responsável pela maior quantidade de folículos.(AU)

Morphological characteristics of hair coat in crossbred animals / Características morfológicas do pelame de vacas mestiças

The objective was to evaluate annual variation the morphological characteristics of the hair coat of the cows crossbred Holstein x Gir, ½ and ¾ of the Holstein in Salinas Minas Gerais region. The morphological characteristics of the hair coat were: coat thickness, hair length, number of hair/cm2. Hair coat samples were held in each season (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The climatic characterization of the seasons was obtained from data provided by National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Data for hair coat characteristics were subjected to variance analysis of according to a completely randomized factorial design (two degrees of blood and four seasons). The season effect showed that haircoat of the crossbred cows adjusted with environmental variables. And the length and number of hair/cm2 were higher in animals ¾ Holstein. It was concluded that crossbred animals have short hair coat, very dense and well seated, especially in summer. ½ Holstein showed less dense hair coat and shorter than ¾ Holstein.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar a variação anual das características morfológicas de pelame de vacas mestiças Holandesas x Gir, ½ e ¾ de Holandês da região de Salinas Minas Gerais. As características morfológicas do pelame estudadas foram: espessura da capa, comprimento médio dos pelos e densidade numérica. A coleta de pelos foi realizada em cada estação climática (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). A caracterização climática das estações do ano foram obtidas a partir dos dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet). Os dados para as características morfológicas do pelame foram submetidos à análise de variância seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (dois graus de sangue e quatros estações climáticas). Encontrou-se efeito de estação do ano, demonstrando que o pelame das vacas mestiças se ajusta com as variáveis ambientais. E o comprimento e número de pelos/cm2 apresentaram-se maiores nos animais ¾ Holandês. Conclui-se que os animais mestiços estudados possuem pelame curto, pouco denso e bem assentado, principalmente no verão. Os animais ½ Holandês apresentaram pelame menos denso e mais curto que os animais ¾ Holandês.(AU)

Morphological characteristics of hair coat in crossbred animals / Características morfológicas do pelame de vacas mestiças

The objective was to evaluate annual variation the morphological characteristics of the hair coat of the cows crossbred Holstein x Gir, ½ and ¾ of the Holstein in Salinas Minas Gerais region. The morphological characteristics of the hair coat were: coat thickness, hair length, number of hair/cm2. Hair coat samples were held in each season (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The climatic characterization of the seasons was obtained from data provided by National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Data for hair coat characteristics were subjected to variance analysis of according to a completely randomized factorial design (two degrees of blood and four seasons). The season effect showed that haircoat of the crossbred cows adjusted with environmental variables. And the length and number of hair/cm2 were higher in animals ¾ Holstein. It was concluded that crossbred animals have short hair coat, very dense and well seated, especially in summer. ½ Holstein showed less dense hair coat and shorter than ¾ Holstein.

O objetivo foi avaliar a variação anual das características morfológicas de pelame de vacas mestiças Holandesas x Gir, ½ e ¾ de Holandês da região de Salinas Minas Gerais. As características morfológicas do pelame estudadas foram: espessura da capa, comprimento médio dos pelos e densidade numérica. A coleta de pelos foi realizada em cada estação climática (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). A caracterização climática das estações do ano foram obtidas a partir dos dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet). Os dados para as características morfológicas do pelame foram submetidos à análise de variância seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (dois graus de sangue e quatros estações climáticas). Encontrou-se efeito de estação do ano, demonstrando que o pelame das vacas mestiças se ajusta com as variáveis ambientais. E o comprimento e número de pelos/cm2 apresentaram-se maiores nos animais ¾ Holandês. Conclui-se que os animais mestiços estudados possuem pelame curto, pouco denso e bem assentado, principalmente no verão. Os animais ½ Holandês apresentaram pelame menos denso e mais curto que os animais ¾ Holandês.