Optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase

This study was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine (SID Arg:Lys) ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase. A total of two hundred forty-five 35-week-old Japanese quails (181 ± 1.30 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with seven replicates of seven quails. Graded levels of L-Arginine were added to a basal diet in order to produce five SID Arg:Lys ratios (101, 106, 111, 116 and 121%). Collected data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimal ratio was estimated using polynomial regression model (linear and quadratic) based on performance traits. Statistical differences were considered for p<0.05. Graded SID Arg:Lys ratios did not affect performance traits assessed. Based on results, the SID Arg:Lys ratio of 101% is sufficient to warrant proper performance of Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase.(AU)

Optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase

This study was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine (SID Arg:Lys) ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase. A total of two hundred forty-five 35-week-old Japanese quails (181 ± 1.30 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with seven replicates of seven quails. Graded levels of L-Arginine were added to a basal diet in order to produce five SID Arg:Lys ratios (101, 106, 111, 116 and 121%). Collected data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimal ratio was estimated using polynomial regression model (linear and quadratic) based on performance traits. Statistical differences were considered for p<0.05. Graded SID Arg:Lys ratios did not affect performance traits assessed. Based on results, the SID Arg:Lys ratio of 101% is sufficient to warrant proper performance of Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase.

Metabolizable energy levels for meat-type quails at starter phase

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) levels on meat-type quail performance and carcass traits from 1 to 14d of age. A total of 1120 not sexed meat-type quails were randomly distributed to seven treatments, with eight replicates with 20 quails each. A basal corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated to meet or exceed quail nutritional requirements, except for ME. Graded levels of soybean oil were added to the basal diet in replacement, to sand, to obtain dietary treatments (2,600; 2,700; 2,800; 2,900; 3,000; 3,100 and 3,200 KcalAMEn/kg diet). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum AMEn levels were estimated using polynomial regression model. Increasing in dietary AMEn levels elicited a linear decrease (p<0.01) in feed intake and nutrient intake (AMEn, protein and lysine). Quail weight gain and final body weight exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.03) to increased AMEn levels, being both optimized at 2820 KcalAMEn/kg diet. Graded AMEn levels elicited a linear increase (p<0.01) in carcass dry matter and fat content, whereas moisture content was linearly decreased (p<0.01). The protein content of the carcasses was not influenced (p>0.05) by AMEn. Based on the results, the dietary AMEn level that warrants adequate performance and carcass traits of meat-type quails from 1 to 14d of age is 2,820 Kcal/kg diet.(AU)

Metabolizable energy levels for meat-type quails at starter phase

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) levels on meat-type quail performance and carcass traits from 1 to 14d of age. A total of 1120 not sexed meat-type quails were randomly distributed to seven treatments, with eight replicates with 20 quails each. A basal corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated to meet or exceed quail nutritional requirements, except for ME. Graded levels of soybean oil were added to the basal diet in replacement, to sand, to obtain dietary treatments (2,600; 2,700; 2,800; 2,900; 3,000; 3,100 and 3,200 KcalAMEn/kg diet). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum AMEn levels were estimated using polynomial regression model. Increasing in dietary AMEn levels elicited a linear decrease (p0.05) by AMEn. Based on the results, the dietary AMEn level that warrants adequate performance and carcass traits of meat-type quails from 1 to 14d of age is 2,820 Kcal/kg diet.

Digestible Methionine + Cysteine-to-Lysine Ideal Ratio for Meat-Type Quails at Initial Phase

This trial was performed to determine the ideal ratio of digestible methionine + cysteine (Met/Lys) with digestible lysine for meat-type quails from 1 to 14 days of age. A total of six hundred thirty, one-day-old, not sexed meat type quails were randomly assigned to six groups of treatments, each one with seven replicates and fifteen quails per experimental unit. A basal diet, methionine + cysteine-deficient, was graded supplemented with DL-Methionine (0.108; 0.169; 0.230; 0.291; 0.352 and 0.413%) to obtain the treatments, represented by six digestible Met/Lys ratios (0.60; 0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial regression and broken-line models were used to estimate the digestible Met/Lys ideal ratio, considering adjust of data to both models. Statistical significance was considered when p0.05. Feed intake, weight gain and final body weight was linearly increased as dig. Met/Lys ratio increased. Feeding conversion was improved with increasing in dig. Met/Lys ratios. A quadratic response on feathering percentage was observed with increasing dig. Met/Lys ratios. Digestible Met/Lys ratio which, maximized feathering percentage in meat-type quails, was 0.74. According to linear broken-line model, dig. Met/Lys ratio estimated for optimum feed intake, weight gain, final body weight and feeding conversion were, respectively, 0.66; 0.71; 0.71 and 0.74. The dig. Met/Lys ideal ratio for meat-type quails from one to 14 days of age is 0.74.(AU)

Optimum Digestible Valine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails from 15 to 35 Days of Age

This study was conducted to estimate the dig. valine to lysine (Val:Lys) ideal ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. A total of 385, 15-day-old not sexed quails, were randomly assigned to five treatments, each one seven times replicated with eleven quails per experimental unit. Experimental treatments consisted of five dig. Val:Lys ratios (0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Ideal dig. Val:Lys ratio was estimated using polynomial regression and linear broken-line regression model. Significant effect was considered when p0.05. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by dig. Val:Lys ratios in any of the assessed phases. From 15 to 21 d of age Val:Lys ratios increased linearly feed intake, weight gain and body weight. From 15 to 28 d of age, weight gain and body weight were both optimized by the Val:Lys ratio of 0.77. A linear effect of dig. Val:Lys ratios was observed on weight gain and final body weight from 15 to 35 d of age. From 15 to 35 d of age, according to linear broken-line regression model, the dig. Val:Lys ideal ratios for optimum final body weight and weight gain were 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. Based on the results the estimated dig. Val:Lys ratio for optimum meat-type quail performance from 15 to 35 d of age is 0.77(AU)

Optimum Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Isoleucine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails in the Growing-Finishing Phase

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine (SID Ile:Lys) ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. Three hundred fifty not-sexed meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were randomly assigned into five treatments, with seven replicates of 10 quails each. An isoleucine-deficient corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated and graded supplemented with L-isoleucine (99%) to obtain diets containing SID Ile:Lys ratios of 55,61, 67, 73, and 79%. Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum SID Ile:Lys was estimated by polynomial (linear and quadratic) regression. Statistical differences were considered when p 0.05. Quail performance from 15 and 21 d and 15 and 28 d of age was not affected by the treatments. From 15 to 35 d of age, body weight gain and body weight exhibited a quadratic response to increasing dietary SID Ile:Lys ratios, and were optimized at 66 and 67% SID Ile:Lys, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was not influenced by SID Ile:Lys ratios in any of the phases assessed herein. Based on the results, the optimum SID Ile:Lys ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age is 67%.(AU)

Digestible Methionine + Cysteine-to-Lysine Ideal Ratio for Meat-Type Quails at Initial Phase

This trial was performed to determine the ideal ratio of digestible methionine + cysteine (Met/Lys) with digestible lysine for meat-type quails from 1 to 14 days of age. A total of six hundred thirty, one-day-old, not sexed meat type quails were randomly assigned to six groups of treatments, each one with seven replicates and fifteen quails per experimental unit. A basal diet, methionine + cysteine-deficient, was graded supplemented with DL-Methionine (0.108; 0.169; 0.230; 0.291; 0.352 and 0.413%) to obtain the treatments, represented by six digestible Met/Lys ratios (0.60; 0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial regression and broken-line models were used to estimate the digestible Met/Lys ideal ratio, considering adjust of data to both models. Statistical significance was considered when p0.05. Feed intake, weight gain and final body weight was linearly increased as dig. Met/Lys ratio increased. Feeding conversion was improved with increasing in dig. Met/Lys ratios. A quadratic response on feathering percentage was observed with increasing dig. Met/Lys ratios. Digestible Met/Lys ratio which, maximized feathering percentage in meat-type quails, was 0.74. According to linear broken-line model, dig. Met/Lys ratio estimated for optimum feed intake, weight gain, final body weight and feeding conversion were, respectively, 0.66; 0.71; 0.71 and 0.74. The dig. Met/Lys ideal ratio for meat-type quails from one to 14 days of age is 0.74.

Optimum Digestible Valine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails from 15 to 35 Days of Age

This study was conducted to estimate the dig. valine to lysine (Val:Lys) ideal ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. A total of 385, 15-day-old not sexed quails, were randomly assigned to five treatments, each one seven times replicated with eleven quails per experimental unit. Experimental treatments consisted of five dig. Val:Lys ratios (0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Ideal dig. Val:Lys ratio was estimated using polynomial regression and linear broken-line regression model. Significant effect was considered when p0.05. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by dig. Val:Lys ratios in any of the assessed phases. From 15 to 21 d of age Val:Lys ratios increased linearly feed intake, weight gain and body weight. From 15 to 28 d of age, weight gain and body weight were both optimized by the Val:Lys ratio of 0.77. A linear effect of dig. Val:Lys ratios was observed on weight gain and final body weight from 15 to 35 d of age. From 15 to 35 d of age, according to linear broken-line regression model, the dig. Val:Lys ideal ratios for optimum final body weight and weight gain were 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. Based on the results the estimated dig. Val:Lys ratio for optimum meat-type quail performance from 15 to 35 d of age is 0.77

Optimum Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Isoleucine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails in the Growing-Finishing Phase

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine (SID Ile:Lys) ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. Three hundred fifty not-sexed meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were randomly assigned into five treatments, with seven replicates of 10 quails each. An isoleucine-deficient corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated and graded supplemented with L-isoleucine (99%) to obtain diets containing SID Ile:Lys ratios of 55,61, 67, 73, and 79%. Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum SID Ile:Lys was estimated by polynomial (linear and quadratic) regression. Statistical differences were considered when p 0.05. Quail performance from 15 and 21 d and 15 and 28 d of age was not affected by the treatments. From 15 to 35 d of age, body weight gain and body weight exhibited a quadratic response to increasing dietary SID Ile:Lys ratios, and were optimized at 66 and 67% SID Ile:Lys, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was not influenced by SID Ile:Lys ratios in any of the phases assessed herein. Based on the results, the optimum SID Ile:Lys ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age is 67%.

The effect of calcium and available phosphorus levels on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of Japanese quails at end of the egg-production phase

Calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg) and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg), totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI); egg production (EP); marketable egg production (MEP); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM); feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD); livability (L); yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), eggshell weight (SW); yolk percentage (YP), albumen percentage (AP), eggshell percentage (SP), specific egg weight (SEW); bone calcium percentage (BCa), bone phosphorus percentage (BP), bone ash weight (Bash) and bone ash percentage (PBash). There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.

The effect of calcium and available phosphorus levels on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of Japanese quails at end of the egg-production phase

Calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg) and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg), totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI); egg production (EP); marketable egg production (MEP); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM); feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD); livability (L); yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), eggshell weight (SW); yolk percentage (YP), albumen percentage (AP), eggshell percentage (SP), specific egg weight (SEW); bone calcium percentage (BCa), bone phosphorus percentage (BP), bone ash weight (Bash) and bone ash percentage (PBash). There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.(AU)

Thermal comfort zones for starter meat-type quails

The objective of this study was to determine thermal comfort ranges, as evaluated by air temperature and black-glove temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), for starter meat-type quails. Nine hundred quails were randomly distributed into five environmental chambers. Each chamber was programmed to provide different temperatures weekly. The following thermal environments were provided: SC - severe cold, MC - moderate cold, TC - recommended comfort environment, MH - moderate heat, and SH - severe heat. The best live performance was obtained when quails were submitted to temperatures of 36-39 ºC and BGTHI of 87.1 ± 0.4 and 91.4 ± 0.6 during the first week of rearing. Temperatures of 27-30 ºC and BGTHI of 75.8 ± 0.4 and 79.9 ± 0.6, during the second week, and temperature of 24 ºC and BGTHI of 70.8 ± 0.5 during the third week of rearing.(AU)

Proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para codornas de corte de um a 14 dias de idade / Crude protein and metabolizable energy for meat quail from 1 to 14 days of age

Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e de energia metabolizável para codornas de corte de um a 14 dias de idade, foi realizado um estudo utilizando 840 codornas de corte, mistas. As aves foram distribuídas em arranjo fatorial (2x5) constituído por 10 tratamentos (dois níveis de energia metabolizável - 2800 e 3000kcal/kg e cinco níveis de proteína bruta - 22,0; 24,0; 26,0; 28,0 e 30,0por cento), sete repetições com 12 aves cada. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: consumo de ração, ganho em peso aos sete e 14 dias de idade, conversão alimentar aos 14 dias e viabilidade. Verificou-se que codornas alimentadas com dietas com o nível energético mais baixo, 2800kcal/kg, apresentaram maior consumo. As aves que consumiram ração com menor nível de energia apresentaram maior peso aos sete dias de idade independentemente do nível de proteína bruta utilizado. O peso aos 14 dias de idade apresentou resposta quadrática com o acréscimo de proteína bruta na ração, sendo que dietas contendo 28,86 por cento de PB proporcionaram melhor ganho independentemente do nível de energia utilizado. A conversão alimentar apresentou melhores resultados com o aumento do nível de proteína bruta da ração, independentemente do nível de energia metabolizável utilizado. Não foram observados efeitos significativos dos níveis de proteína e energia ou de sua interação sobre a viabilidade das aves. Rações contendo 30,0 por cento de proteína bruta e 2800 ou 3000kcal/kg de energia metabolizável proporcionam satisfatórios resultados de desempenho para codornas de corte de um a 14 dias de idade.(AU)

Aiming to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude protein and metabolizable energy for quails from 1 to 14 days of age, a study was conducted using 840 quails, mixed. The birds were distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x5) consisting of 10 treatments (two levels of metabolizable energy - 2,800 and 3,000kcal/kg and 5 levels of crude protein - 22.0, 24.0, 26.0, 28.0 and 30.0 percent), 7 repetitions with 12 birds each. We evaluated the following parameters: feed intake, weight gain at 7 and 14 days of age, feed conversion at 14 days and viability. It was found that quail fed diets with the lowest energy level, 2,800kcal/kg, showed higher consumption. Birds fed diets with lower energy level had greater weight at 7 days of age regardless of the level of crude protein used. The weight at 14 days of age showed a quadratic response with the addition of crude protein in feed, showing that diets containing 28.86 percent CP provide better gain regardless of the level of energy used. The feed showed better results with the increased level of dietary CP, regardless of level of metabolizable energy used. There were no significant effects of protein and energy levels or their interaction on viability. Diets with 30.0 percent crude protein and 2,800 or 3,000kcal/kg metabolizable energy provide satisfactory performance results for quails from 1 to 14 days of age.(AU)

Níveis de treonina digestível para codorna japonesa na fase de produção / Digestible threonine levels for laying japanese quail

Avaliou-se a exigência de treonina digestível para a codorna japonesa em postura. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas, durante 63 dias. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e 10 aves por unidade experimental. A dieta basal foi deficiente em treonina, contendo 17,8% de proteína bruta, 2.900kcal de EM/kg, sendo suplementada com quatro níveis de L- treonina 98% (0,000; 0,052; 0,104; 0,156 e 0,208%), correspondendo à relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível de 0,55; 0,60; 0,65; 0,70 e 0,75, respectivamente. Os parâmetros estudados foram: consumo de ração, consumo de treonina, produção de ovo, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema, albúmen e casca) e gravidade específica. Observou-se aumento linear (P<0,01) somente para o consumo de treonina. Conclui-se que, para proporcionar os melhores resultados de desempenho e qualidade de ovos, a codorna japonesa exige 0,55% de treonina digestível, para um consumo diário de 144,61mg de treonina digestível/ave, correspondendo à relação treonina digestível: lisina digestível de 0,55.(AU)

This experiment was conducted to determine the digestible threonine requirement for laying Japanese quail. Four hundred quails were used during 63 days. A completely randomized experimental design was used with five treatments, eight replicates and ten quails per experimental unit. The basal diet was deficient in threonine, containing 17.8% crude protein, 2.900kcal of ME/kg and supplied with four levels of L-threonine 98% (0.000; 0.052; 0.104; 0.156 and 0.208%), corresponding digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratio 0.55; 0.60; 0.65; 0.70 and 0.75, respectively. The following parameters were evaluated: feed intake, threonine intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass, feed conversion per egg dozen, egg quality (yolk, albumen and shell) and specific gravity. Linear increase (P<0.01) was only observed in the threonine intake. The conclusion is that the Japanese quail demand 0.55% of digestible threonine to provide the best productive performance and quality of eggs, a daily consumption of 144.61 mg of digestible threonine/quail, corresponding to the digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratio of 0.55.(AU)

Teores de cálcio em dietas para codornas japonesas no terço final de postura (45 a 57 semanas de idade) / Levels of calcium in diets for Japanese quails in the third end of posture (45 - 57 weeks of age)

Verificou-se o efeito dos teores de cálcio (Ca) na dieta sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas durante o terço final do ciclo de produção. Foram utilizadas 350 codornas, com 313 dias de idade, distribuídas em 35 unidades experimentais de 10 aves. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, composto de cinco níveis de Ca - 2,2; 2,6; 3,0; 3,4; 3,8 por cento -, com sete repetições. O aumento do Ca na dieta melhorou linearmente a conversão por massa e por dúzia de ovos, melhorou a espessura de casca e influenciou o peso da gema e da casca dos ovos, além da porcentagem da casca. Observou-se redução nos teores de P, Ca e Mg na casca com o aumento dos níveis de Ca da dieta. Para os demais parâmetros, não houve efeito do teor de Ca da dieta. Considerando-se a importância da conversão alimentar, em termos econômicos e de desempenho, o teor de 3,8 por cento de Ca na dieta mostrou-se satisfatório em atender às demais variáveis relacionadas com a qualidade dos ovos. Dieta que contenha 3,8 por cento de Ca, correspondendo ao consumo diário de 982mg por ave, melhora a conversão alimentar e a qualidade da casca dos ovos de codornas japonesas no terço final do ciclo de produção (45 a 57 semanas de idade).(AU)

The effect of calcium (Ca) levels in the diet on performance and egg quality of Japanese quail during the final third of the production cycle was evaluated. A total of 350 313-day-old quails was used. They were distributed in 35 experimental units of 10 birds. The design was completely randomized, composed of five levels of Ca (2.2, 2.6, 3.0, 3.4 and 3.8 percent), with seven replications. The increase of Ca in the diet linearly improved the feed conversion per dozen eggs, improved the shell thickness, and influenced the weight of yolk and egg shell as well the percentage of shell. There was reduction in levels of P, Ca, and Mg in the shell with increasing levels of Ca in the diet. For other parameters, no effect of calcium levels in the diet was recorded. Considering the importance of feed conversion in economic terms and performance, the level of 3.8 percent Ca in diet showed satisfactory to meet the other variables related to egg quality. Diet containing 3.8 percent Ca, corresponding to a daily intake of 982mg per bird, improves feed conversion and egg shell quality of Japanese quails in the final third of the production cycle (45-57 weeks old).(AU)

Efeito de níveis de vitamina E na dieta sobre o desempenho e concentração de alfa-tocoferol na carne de frangos de corte

This experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of different supplementation of vitamin E (VE) levels in diet on broilers performance during 42 days of age and on the alpha-tocoferol (AT) concentration in the breast meat of broilers at 45 days of age. Thus, 480 one-day Ross chicks were distributed in 16 floor pens, containing 30 birds of both sexes in each one. Broilers had free access to feed and water at all time. The birds were fed start diet (1-to-21 day), containing 21,2% CP and 2934kcal ME/kg, and growing diet (22-to-42 day), with 18,6% CP and 3035kcal ME/kg. Both diets were supplemented with four VE levels: 25, 250, 500 and 750mg/kg. The experimental design had four treatments (VE levels), and each one was represented by four repetitions, with 30 birds in each one. The body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion at 42 days of age were significant effected (P 0,05) by the VE levels used in the diet, showing linear increases (P 0.05) for these parameters with the increase of VE supplementation in the diet. The feed intake and viability were not affected (P>0,05) by VE levels in the diet. Quadratic effect (P 0,05) of diet was observed on the AT deposition in breast meat of broilers, showing no difference between sexes. Greater AT concentration was detected in breast meat of broilers witch were fed with diet containing 500mg VE/kg. Thus, it can be concluded that from each increase in the diet of 25mg VE/kg, it can be expected an increase of 5,49g on body weight, an amelioration of 0,0038 on feed conversion, and an increase of 8,57mug AT/g of breast meat at slaughter age.

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de diferentes níveis de vitamina E (NVE) na dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte de um a 42 dias de idade, e sobre a concentração de alfa-tocoferol (AT) na carne de peito das aves aos 45 dias de idade. Foram alojados 480 pintos de um dia, da linhagem Ross, em 16 boxes de 3,00× 2,20m, com 30 aves de ambos os sexos em cada boxe. A ração e a água foram fornecidas ad libitum. As aves receberam uma dieta inicial (1 a 21 dias), com 21,2% de PB e 2934kcal de EM/kg, e uma dieta de crescimento (22 a 42 dias), com 18% de PB e 3035kcal de EM/kg. Ambas as dietas foram suplementadas com quatro NVE: 25, 250, 500 e 750mg/kg. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, constituído de quatro tratamentos (NVE), com quatro repetições, cada uma com 30 aves. Verificou-se que o peso corporal, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar aos 42 dias de idade foram significativamente influenciados (P 0,05) pelos NVE utilizados na dieta. Houve aumento linear para peso e ganho de peso, e melhoria linear da conversão alimentar à medida que se elevou o nível da suplementação de vitamina E (VE) da dieta. O consumo de ração e a viabilidade não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos NVE. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P 0,05) do NVE na dieta sobre a deposição de AT na carne de peito das aves, sem diferença entre sexos. Máxima concentração de AT foi verificada na carne de peito de aves que foram alimentadas com dieta de 500mg de VE/kg. Desse modo, conclui-se que para cada aumento de 25mg de VE/kg na dieta, espera-se um aumento de 5,49g no peso corporal, melhoria de 0,0038 pontos na conversão alimentar, e um aumento de 8,57mig de AT/g de carne de peito de frangos de corte.

Níveis de proteína e de vitamina E para matrizes de frango de corte. 2. Efeito sobre a concentração de alfa-tocoferol na gema e nos tecidos e balanço de nitrogênio

Sixteen broiler breed hens were used with the objective of evaluating the effects of supplementation of two crude protein (14 and 16% CP) and two vitamin E levels (25 and 250mg VE/kg) in the diet on the alpha-tocopherol (AT) concentration in the egg yolk, liver, blood serum and feces, and on the AT and nitrogen (N) retentions. The experiment lasted 25 days, in which 15 days were used for hens adaptation and 10 days for egg and fecal collection for AT and N analyses. The experimental design was a complete randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (CP × VE levels) with four repetitions per treatment. The increasing of VE in the diet resulted in increase (P 0.05) in AT consumption, excretion and retention, reflecting in higher AT concentrations in egg yolk, liver and blood serum (P 0.05). The efficiency of AT retention in birds decreased (P 0.01) at high VE levels, independently of CP levels in diet. The increasing of ten times VE in the diet resulted in lower excretion and in higher retention of N in birds. The increasing of CP levels resulted in more N consumption and excretion in hens (P 0.05), although no difference was accounted for N retention and egg concentration (P>0.05). Thus, it could be concluded that the increasing of VE levels in the diet increased the AT concentrations in the egg yolk and body tissues, and decreased the AT and increased the N retention in broiler breed hens during the laying peak period.

Foram utilizadas 16 matrizes de frangos de corte com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de proteína bruta (NPB), 14 e 16%, e dois níveis de vitamina E (NVE), 25 e 250mg/kg, na dieta sobre a concentração de alfa-tocoferol (AT) na gema, no fígado, no soro sangüíneo e na excreta, e sobre a retenção de AT e de nitrogênio (N). O período experimental foi de 25 dias, sendo 15 dias para a adaptação das aves à dieta e 10 dias para a coleta de ovos e da excreta para análise de vitamina E (VE) e N. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, formado por quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 (NVE × NPB), constituído cada um por quatro repetições, e cada unidade experimental representada por uma ave. Houve aumento linear (P 0,01) no consumo, na excreção e na retenção de AT à medida que se elevou a suplementação de VE na dieta, refletindo, conseqüentemente, no aumento da concentração de AT na gema do ovo, no fígado e no soro sangüíneo (P 0,05). A eficiência na retenção de AT nas aves decresceu (P 0,01) com o aumento do NVE na dieta, independentemente do NPB. O balanço de N revelou que o aumento de 10 vezes na suplementação de VE (250mg/kg) na dieta resultou em menor excreção e maior retenção de N nas aves, independentemente do NPB. Porém, o aumento do NPB na dieta revelou maior consumo e excreção de N nas aves, mas não diferiu na retenção e na concentração de N no ovo. Conclui-se que o aumento na suplementação de VE na dieta, independentemente do NPB, eleva as concentrações de AT na gema e nos tecidos, reduz a retenção de AT e eleva a retenção de N no organismo de matrizes pesadas em pico de produção.

Níveis de proteína e de vitamina E para matrizes de frango de corte. 1. Efeito sobre o desempenho das matrizes, composição do ovo e desempenho da progênie

This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of supplementation of two levels of crude protein (14 and 16% CP) and vitamin E (25 and 250mg VE/kg) in the diet on the performance and egg composition of broiler breed hens and on the performance of their progeny during the laying period (24-to-54 weeks of age). Thus 480 female and 48 male Ross breeder 18-week-old birds were randomly distributed in 16 floor pens, with 30 females and three males in each one. The diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and all them were isoenergetics (2750kcal ME/kg). The experimental design was a complete randomized block and the treatments were arranged in 2 × 2 factorial (CP × VE levels) with two repetitions each. Egg production/hen/day, egg weight, egg number/hen housed, viability, final female body weight and egg yolk percentage were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments, and no interaction between CP and VE was observed. Hens fed diet with 16% CP, supplemented with 25 or 250mg VE/kg, had smaller egg shell and greater albumen percentage (P 0.05). Diet with 250mg VE/kg resulted in greater alpha tocopherol concentration in the yolk (P 0.05). No effects of CP or VE levels were observed on incubation performance in both studied ages (32nd and 52nd week), i.e., on incubated egg weight, on eclodibility, on relationship between egg weight and neonatal chick weight, and on subsequent performance of the progeny. However, greater neonatal chick weight (P 0.01) was observed in those from 32 week-old broiler breed hens fed diet containing 16% CP and 250mg VE/kg. It can be concluded that a 14% CP with 25mg VE/kg diet provides sufficient CP and VE to assure the productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens during the laying period.

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB), 14 e 16%, e dois de vitamina E (VE), 25 e 250mg/kg, na dieta sobre o desempenho e composição do ovo de matrizes de frangos de corte, entre 24 e 54 semanas de idade e sobre o desempenho de suas progênies. Foram alojadas 480 fêmeas e 48 machos da linhagem Ross, com 18 semanas de idade, em 16 boxes com 30 fêmeas e 3 machos em cada um. As dietas foram à base de milho e farelo de soja, sendo todas isocalóricas (2750kcal de EM/kg). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, constituído de quatro tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2×2, sendo dois níveis de PB (NPB) e dois níveis de VE (NVE), representados por quatro repetições cada um. A produção de ovos/ave/dia, o número de ovos/ave-alojada, o peso do ovo, a viabilidade, o peso corporal das fêmeas no final do experimento e a percentagem de gema no ovo não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos e nem pela interação entre NVE × NPB. Menor percentagem de casca (P 0,05) e maior percentagem de albúmen (P 0,05) foram obtidos em ovos de aves que receberam o maior NPB na dieta, independente do NVE suplementado na dieta. Maior concentração de alfa-tocoferol na gema foi obtida em ovos de matrizes que receberam dieta suplementada com 250mg de VE/kg (P 0,05). O rendimento de incubação em ambas as idades estudadas (32ª e 52ª semanas) resultou em efeitos não significativos (P>0,05) dos NPB e dos NVE, representados pelo peso do ovo incubado, pela taxa de eclosão, pela razão entre o peso do ovo e o peso da progênie e pelo desempenho da progênie até a idade de abate. Porém, maior peso ao nascer (P 0,01) foi encontrado na progênie proveniente de reprodutoras com 32 semanas de idade, que receberam dieta com maior NPB e maior NVE. Dieta com 14% de PB e suplementada com 25mg de VE/kg é suficiente para assegurar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo satisfatório de matrizes de frangos de corte durante a fase de produção.

DIGESTIBLE TRYPTOPHAN DIET LEVELS AND EGGS QUALITY OF JAPANESE QUAIL FROM 21 TO 30 WEEKS OF AGE / NÍVEIS DE TRIPTOFANO DIGESTÍVEL NA DIETA E A QUALIDADE DOS OVOS DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS DE 21 A 30 SEMANAS DE IDADE

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestible tryptophan level(dig. Trp) for laying Japanese quail diets. Four hundred Japanese quail aging 21 to 30 weeks were housed in laying cages, with initial average weight of 158.50 g and egg production of 84.50%. The experimental arrangement consisted on a randomized design, containing eight blocks, five of tryptophan levels (0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.24 and 0.28% dig. Trp), eight replicates of ten birds and three experimental periods of 21 days. The evaluated parameters were feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%/bird/day), average weight of eggs (g), weights of yolk (g), albumen (g), shell (g), percentage of shell (%), specific gravity (g/cm3) and Haugh units. The tryptophan level affected (P<0.05) all parameters, except feed intake, average eggs weight and weight of yolk. The performance of quails using the statistical adjustment through quadratic regression, broken-line regression model, suggested that the minimum requirement of diets of digestible tryptophan is 0.21% of the diet, allowed the daily intake of 45.0 mg of tryptophan per bird, and the corresponding ratio between digestible tryptophan and digestible lysine was 21%. KEY-WORDS: Amino acids. Coturnix coturnix japônica. Exigency Quality of eggs.    

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de triptofano digestível (Trp dig.) em dietas para codornas japonesas em fase de postura. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas japonesas de 21 a 30 semanas de idade, alojadas em gaiolas de postura, com peso inicial de 158,50 gramas e produção média de ovos de 84,50%. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, constituído por oito blocos, cinco tratamentos(0,12; 0,16; 0,20; 0,24 e 0,28% Trp dig.), oito repetições de dez aves/repetição e três períodos experimentais de 21 dias cada. As variáveis avaliadas foram consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%/ave/dia), peso médio dos ovos (g), pesos de gema (g), albúmen (g), casca (g), porcentagem de casca (%), gravidade específica (g/cm3) e unidades Haugh. Todas as variáveis apresentaram efeitos (P