Leptospirose canina: revisão de literatura

Cães são importantes reservatórios para Leptospira spp, na transmissão humana e disseminação em ambientes urbanos. A infecção ocorre principalmente pelos sorovares Canicola e Icterohaemorrhaghiae, podendo ser infectados por outros sorovares incidentais. A manifestação pode ser desde uma forma assintomática a quadros clínicos graves, com síndromes ictérica, hemorrágica, urêmica e reprodutivas. Diversas técnicas estão disponíveis para o diagnostico, sendo realizado principalmente por meio da soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), isolamento em cultura ou reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O tratamento com antibióticos são eficazes na fase leptospirêmica e leptospirúrica, e, consequentemente, na prevenção e controle da disseminação da bactéria no ambiente.(AU)

Dogs are important reservoirs for Leptospira spp, human transmission and dissemination in urban environments. The infection occurs mainly by serovars Canicola and Icterohaemorrhaghiae, and can be infected by other incident serovars. A manifestation can be made asymptomatically in severe clinical conditions, with icteric, hemorrhagic, uremic and reproductive syndromes. Several techniques available for diagnosis, being carried out mainly by means of microscopic soroagglutination (MAT), isolation in culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment with antibiotics is initiated in the leptospiremic and leptospirurgical phase and, consequently, in the prevention and control of the spread of the bacteria in the environment.(AU)

Leptospirose canina: revisão de literatura

Cães são importantes reservatórios para Leptospira spp, na transmissão humana e disseminação em ambientes urbanos. A infecção ocorre principalmente pelos sorovares Canicola e Icterohaemorrhaghiae, podendo ser infectados por outros sorovares incidentais. A manifestação pode ser desde uma forma assintomática a quadros clínicos graves, com síndromes ictérica, hemorrágica, urêmica e reprodutivas. Diversas técnicas estão disponíveis para o diagnostico, sendo realizado principalmente por meio da soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), isolamento em cultura ou reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O tratamento com antibióticos são eficazes na fase leptospirêmica e leptospirúrica, e, consequentemente, na prevenção e controle da disseminação da bactéria no ambiente.

Dogs are important reservoirs for Leptospira spp, human transmission and dissemination in urban environments. The infection occurs mainly by serovars Canicola and Icterohaemorrhaghiae, and can be infected by other incident serovars. A manifestation can be made asymptomatically in severe clinical conditions, with icteric, hemorrhagic, uremic and reproductive syndromes. Several techniques available for diagnosis, being carried out mainly by means of microscopic soroagglutination (MAT), isolation in culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment with antibiotics is initiated in the leptospiremic and leptospirurgical phase and, consequently, in the prevention and control of the spread of the bacteria in the environment.

Structural plasticity and isolation of umbilical cord progenitor cells of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) raised in captivity / Plasticidade estrutural e isolamento de células progenitoras do cordão umbilical de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) criadas em cativeiro

The agouti has been used as an experimental model in several studies focused on reproductive biology. The umbilical cord, an embryonic attachment that connects the foetus to the placenta, has been reported as an important anatomical site for obtaining stem cells. The objective of this study was to describe macro- and microscopically the umbilical cord of agoutis at different stages of gestation, to expand and cultivate in vitro the progenitor cells and to report their morphological characteristics. Seven cutias were submitted to caesarean section to collect the umbilical cords: five were destined for studies of cord structure in different stages of gestation (30, 35, 50, 75 and 100 days postcoital), and two were collected in the third stage of gestation for isolation and cell culture. The umbilical cord of cutias assumes a spiral arrangement, with veins and arteries on it starting 50 days after coitus. The arteries present an outer layer of smooth muscle fibres in a longitudinal and circular arrangement and a medium layer of smooth muscle fibres with only longitudinal and intimate orientation and coated by the endothelium. The veins consist of longitudinal smooth muscle fibres with an extract of smooth muscle cells, and the endothelium, in all analysed gestational phases, is a structure bounded by simple pavement epithelial tissue originating from the amnion, adhered to Whartons Jelly and forming the umbilical vessels and allantoid duct. The proposed protocol allowed the collection of a high cellular concentration of umbilical cord progenitor cells from viable cutias.(AU)

A cutia vem sendo utilizada como modelo experimental em diversos estudos voltados à biologia reprodutiva. O cordão umbilical, anexo embrionário que une o feto à placenta, tem sido relatado como um importante sítio anatômico para obtenção de células-tronco. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever macro e microscopicamente o cordão umbilical de cutias, em fases diferentes da gestação, expandir e cultivar in vitro as células progenitoras e relatar suas características morfológicas. Foram utilizadas sete cutias submetidas à cesariana para a coleta dos cordões umbilicais, cinco foram destinadas aos estudos da estrutura do cordão, em diferentes estágios de gestação (30, 35, 50, 75 e 100 dias pós-coito), e duas, no terço final da gestação, para isolamento e cultivo celular. O cordão umbilical de cutia assume disposição espiralada, com veias e artérias sobre ele a partir dos 50 dias após o coito. As artérias apresentam camada externa de fibras musculares lisas, disposição longitudinal e circular, camada média de fibras musculares lisas, apenas com disposição longitudinal e íntima revestida pelo endotélio. As veias constituídas por fibras musculares lisas longitudinais com um extrato de células musculares lisas e pelo endotélio. Em todas as fases gestacionais analisadas é uma estrutura delimitada por tecido epitelial simples pavimentoso, proveniente do âmnio, aderido a Geleia de Wharton e com formação de vasos umbilicais e ducto alantóide. O protocolo proposto permitiu a coleta de células progenitoras do cordão umbilical de cutias, viáveis com elevada concentração celular.(AU)

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and xenogenic platelet rich plasma, associated or not, in the repair of bone failures in rabbits with secondary osteoporosis

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and xenogenic platelet rich plasma in the treatment of bone failure of osteoporotic rabbits secondary to estrogenic deprivation and iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Methods: Eight female rabbits underwent ovarian resection and corticoid therapy to induce clinical status of osteoporosis. Four failures were produced in the tibiae, with each failure being treated with hemostatic sponge, allogenic mesenchymal stem cells, xenogenic platelet-rich plasma and the association between both. The animals were divided into two groups, evaluated radiographically and histopathologically at 30 and 60 days post treatment. Results: A radiographically confirmed consolidation of bone failures treated with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, associated with the histopathological image of mature and immature bone tissue, without evidence of osteopenia, was compared with the other groups, in which radiolucent failures with osteopenia and fibrosis were still present, denoting the satisfactory effect of the first treatment in detriment to the others. Conclusion: The treatment of bone failures of rabbits with secondary osteoporosis with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells induced greater bone consolidation with mature and immature bone tissue production (p 0.01), when compared to the other treatments.(AU)

Morfologia das gônadas de ema (Rhea americana) em desenvolvimento: diferenciação sexual / Morphology of the gonads of rhea (Rhea americana) in development: sexual differentiation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphogenesis of rheas reproduction equipment featuringgonadal differentiation phase. We used eight fetuses, obtained from eggs, the Study Group Preservation of WildAnimals UFPI. The animals were fixed in formalin 5% 70% alcohol, dissected and analyzed bystereomicroscopy. Fragments of the urogenital organs were dehydrated in alcohol, diaphanized in xyleneemblocados and subjected to 5μm sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was found in fetus 14 days theurogenital structures as two elongated bodies, dorsally in the coelomic cavity, lateral to the midline, andflattened dorsoventrally, the urogenital ridge; 18 days were divided medially, forming new ventral massprimitive gonads and a dorsal primitive kidneys; 21 days, were completely separated, the lobate kidneys andgonads with smooth surfaces and fetus of 30 days was observed the evolution of the development of the gonads.The rhea sexual differentiation phase occurs on the 14th day of fetal development.(AU)

Morfologia das gônadas de ema (Rhea americana) em desenvolvimento: diferenciação sexual / Morphology of the gonads of rhea (Rhea americana) in development: sexual differentiation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphogenesis of rheas reproduction equipment featuringgonadal differentiation phase. We used eight fetuses, obtained from eggs, the Study Group Preservation of WildAnimals UFPI. The animals were fixed in formalin 5% 70% alcohol, dissected and analyzed bystereomicroscopy. Fragments of the urogenital organs were dehydrated in alcohol, diaphanized in xyleneemblocados and subjected to 5μm sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was found in fetus 14 days theurogenital structures as two elongated bodies, dorsally in the coelomic cavity, lateral to the midline, andflattened dorsoventrally, the urogenital ridge; 18 days were divided medially, forming new ventral massprimitive gonads and a dorsal primitive kidneys; 21 days, were completely separated, the lobate kidneys andgonads with smooth surfaces and fetus of 30 days was observed the evolution of the development of the gonads.The rhea sexual differentiation phase occurs on the 14th day of fetal development.

Isolation, expansion, differentiation and growth kinetics essay in mesenchymal stem cells culture from the bone marrow of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu)

Background: There are few studies on stem cell isolation in wild animals that provide isolation and culture protocols of these cells in vitro. Among the wild species studied, we present the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) as a model with potential to obtain and use MSC in preclinical studies. These animals are phylogenetically close to the domestic pig, popularly known as peccaries and found naturally in South America, Central America and the South of the United States. The aim of the present study was to establish a protocol for the isolation, in vitro cell expansion, differentiation and assessment of the stromal MSC growth curve before and after thawing. Materials, Methods & Results: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from collared peccary bone marrow (Tayassu tajacu) were isolated and expanded by centrifuge in Ficoll® solution and cultured in DMEM® High Glucose medium. The culture was assessed by assays of colony forming units CFU-F and growth curve by saturation (GCS). Cultures in the third passage, with 70% confluence, were replicated at 105 cells/mL concentration in the culture media to induce osteogenic cell differentiation and adipogenic cell differentiation, respectively. The MSC were frozen in nitrogen for 40 days, thawed and re-assessed for cell viability and GCS. Discussion: The bone marrow collected presented high mononuclear cellularity, with a mean variability of 94.5% and 60.83 ± 4.27 UFC were identified in the samples and cells with fibroblast-like-cell morphology were observed. When they were expanded, the mean cell viability was 95%, the mean cell concentration obtained was 233.31 ± 20.04 cells per 25cm2 bottle and the culture reached the growth plateau in GCS between the 13th and 16th day. The osteoblastic cell differentiation assay showed after 18 days, morphology similar to osteoblasts, with irregular cytoplasm limits, cell prolongation formation and flattened appearance. [...](AU)

Isolation, expansion, differentiation and growth kinetics essay in mesenchymal stem cells culture from the bone marrow of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu)

Background: There are few studies on stem cell isolation in wild animals that provide isolation and culture protocols of these cells in vitro. Among the wild species studied, we present the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) as a model with potential to obtain and use MSC in preclinical studies. These animals are phylogenetically close to the domestic pig, popularly known as peccaries and found naturally in South America, Central America and the South of the United States. The aim of the present study was to establish a protocol for the isolation, in vitro cell expansion, differentiation and assessment of the stromal MSC growth curve before and after thawing. Materials, Methods & Results: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from collared peccary bone marrow (Tayassu tajacu) were isolated and expanded by centrifuge in Ficoll® solution and cultured in DMEM® High Glucose medium. The culture was assessed by assays of colony forming units CFU-F and growth curve by saturation (GCS). Cultures in the third passage, with 70% confluence, were replicated at 105 cells/mL concentration in the culture media to induce osteogenic cell differentiation and adipogenic cell differentiation, respectively. The MSC were frozen in nitrogen for 40 days, thawed and re-assessed for cell viability and GCS. Discussion: The bone marrow collected presented high mononuclear cellularity, with a mean variability of 94.5% and 60.83 ± 4.27 UFC were identified in the samples and cells with fibroblast-like-cell morphology were observed. When they were expanded, the mean cell viability was 95%, the mean cell concentration obtained was 233.31 ± 20.04 cells per 25cm2 bottle and the culture reached the growth plateau in GCS between the 13th and 16th day. The osteoblastic cell differentiation assay showed after 18 days, morphology similar to osteoblasts, with irregular cytoplasm limits, cell prolongation formation and flattened appearance. [...]

Collared Pecary (Tayassu tajacu) as a new model of renal ischemic injury induced by clamping the renal artery

PURPOSE:The use of the collared peccary as an experimental model for ischemic nephropathy.METHODS:A total of 12 collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) was used and ischemic nephropathy was induced in six of these animals that constituted the experimental group (G1) while the other six formed the control group (G2). Ischemic nephropathy was induced surgically by partial occlusion of the left renal artery. The disease course was assessed by hematological tests, serum chemistry, urinalysis, ultrasound (US) and doppler ultrasound function of the renal artery before induction, and at five, 10, 15 and 20 days after surgery. Twenty days after the occlusion, unilateral nephrectomy and histopathological examination were performed to assess renal morphology.RESULTS:Statistical analysis by Fischer's test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the experimental group. The histopathological examination showed glomerular, tubular and interstitial lesions. In the experimental group, 83.3% (5 /6) showed moderate renal lesions and only 16.7% (1/6) were classified with no lesions. The ultrasound examination of the right kidney presented statistical difference between day 5 and day 10 post occlusion.CONCLUSION:The collared peccary as a good experimental model for ischemic renal disease, because it could be manipulated during the research time without death, with health conditions that permit any subsequent procedure for disease therapy.(AU)

Isolation, culture and differentiation potential of collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) adipose-derived stem cells

Background: The understanding of cell biology and the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells in wild animals show prospects for conducting pre-clinical trials in these unconventional animals. The collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) are suiforms that belong to the Artiodáctyla order, Tayassuidae family and Tayassu genus. They adapt easily to captivity conditions that favors their commercial rearing and is an alternative for biodiversity conservation. To evaluate the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) as a potential animal model for the isolation of mesenchymal progenitor cells, cell culture and cell differentiation protocols. Materials, Methods & Results: To perform this research we used four collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) from the Nucleus of Study and Preservation of Wild Animals (IBAMA/PI No . 02/08-618) from Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Adipose tissue fragments were collected from the dorsocervical region and dissociated mechanically in laboratory. The material was placed in an incubator containing CO2 - 95% at 37C and the cultures were expanded to fifth passage, evalluating cell concentration and viability. The culture medium alfa-MEM supplemented was changed every three days. The cell kinetics was evaluated in triplicate using growth curve performed during ten days, plating the initial concentration of 5 x 104 cells/mL per well in P3 six-well culture plate...(AU)

Isolation, culture and differentiation potential of collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) adipose-derived stem cells

Background: The understanding of cell biology and the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells in wild animals show prospects for conducting pre-clinical trials in these unconventional animals. The collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) are suiforms that belong to the Artiodáctyla order, Tayassuidae family and Tayassu genus. They adapt easily to captivity conditions that favors their commercial rearing and is an alternative for biodiversity conservation. To evaluate the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) as a potential animal model for the isolation of mesenchymal progenitor cells, cell culture and cell differentiation protocols. Materials, Methods & Results: To perform this research we used four collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) from the Nucleus of Study and Preservation of Wild Animals (IBAMA/PI No . 02/08-618) from Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Adipose tissue fragments were collected from the dorsocervical region and dissociated mechanically in laboratory. The material was placed in an incubator containing CO2 - 95% at 37C and the cultures were expanded to fifth passage, evalluating cell concentration and viability. The culture medium alfa-MEM supplemented was changed every three days. The cell kinetics was evaluated in triplicate using growth curve performed during ten days, plating the initial concentration of 5 x 104 cells/mL per well in P3 six-well culture plate...

Structural plasticity and isolation of umbilical cord progenitor cells of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) raised in captivity / Plasticidade estrutural e isolamento de células progenitoras do cordão umbilical de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) criadas em cativeiro

The agouti has been used as an experimental model in several studies focused on reproductive biology. The umbilical cord, an embryonic attachment that connects the foetus to the placenta, has been reported as an important anatomical site for obtaining stem cells. The objective of this study was to describe macro- and microscopically the umbilical cord of agoutis at different stages of gestation, to expand and cultivate in vitro the progenitor cells and to report their morphological characteristics. Seven cutias were submitted to caesarean section to collect the umbilical cords: five were destined for studies of cord structure in different stages of gestation (30, 35, 50, 75 and 100 days postcoital), and two were collected in the third stage of gestation for isolation and cell culture. The umbilical cord of cutias assumes a spiral arrangement, with veins and arteries on it starting 50 days after coitus. The arteries present an outer layer of smooth muscle fibres in a longitudinal and circular arrangement and a medium layer of smooth muscle fibres with only longitudinal and intimate orientation and coated by the endothelium. The veins consist of longitudinal smooth muscle fibres with an extract of smooth muscle cells, and the endothelium, in all analysed gestational phases, is a structure bounded by simple pavement epithelial tissue originating from the amnion, adhered to Wharton’s Jelly and forming the umbilical vessels and allantoid duct. The proposed protocol allowed the collection of a high cellular concentration of umbilical cord progenitor cells from viable cutias.

A cutia vem sendo utilizada como modelo experimental em diversos estudos voltados à biologia reprodutiva. O cordão umbilical, anexo embrionário que une o feto à placenta, tem sido relatado como um importante sítio anatômico para obtenção de células-tronco. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever macro e microscopicamente o cordão umbilical de cutias, em fases diferentes da gestação, expandir e cultivar in vitro as células progenitoras e relatar suas características morfológicas. Foram utilizadas sete cutias submetidas à cesariana para a coleta dos cordões umbilicais, cinco foram destinadas aos estudos da estrutura do cordão, em diferentes estágios de gestação (30, 35, 50, 75 e 100 dias pós-coito), e duas, no terço final da gestação, para isolamento e cultivo celular. O cordão umbilical de cutia assume disposição espiralada, com veias e artérias sobre ele a partir dos 50 dias após o coito. As artérias apresentam camada externa de fibras musculares lisas, disposição longitudinal e circular, camada média de fibras musculares lisas, apenas com disposição longitudinal e íntima revestida pelo endotélio. As veias constituídas por fibras musculares lisas longitudinais com um extrato de células musculares lisas e pelo endotélio. Em todas as fases gestacionais analisadas é uma estrutura delimitada por tecido epitelial simples pavimentoso, proveniente do âmnio, aderido a Geleia de Wharton e com formação de vasos umbilicais e ducto alantóide. O protocolo proposto permitiu a coleta de células progenitoras do cordão umbilical de cutias, viáveis com elevada concentração celular.