Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.

Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P<0.05) after thawing in the three treatments. Only the spermatozoa in the control treatment maintained post-thawing vigor. The viability of spermatozoa decreased in the treatments with A. vera (P<0.05). According to the hypoosmotic test, all treatments maintained the sperm membrane functionality (P>0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P<0.05) in the T10% and T20% treatments. The morphology and chromatin condensation of spermatozoa did not differ, regardless of the treatments and time of evaluation (P>0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.(AU)

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.(AU)

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de camundongos imunossuprimidos BALB/c NUDE E C57BL/6 SCID / Haematological and biochemical values of immunosuppressed BALB/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice

Background: The emergence of the NUDE and SCID immunosuppressed mice lineages generated knowledge on various mechanisms of lymphocyte maturation and human autoimmune diseases. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of these lineages is still scarce, making it impossible to infer homeostasis by comparing data, or to detect genetic influences on the parameters for these species. Haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on Balb/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice of both sexes, aiming to analyse the presence of genetic influence on possible variations of such parameters and to verify reference values for both lineages.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and forty mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/C NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID lineages were used in the present study. The animals were previously anesthetized, the blood collection procedure was performed by cardiac puncture and the samples were collected in the presence of heparin and intended for haematological and biochemical evaluation, under standardized conditions. The haematological evaluation consisted of red blood cell count, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While analysing the obtained data, it was possible to observe that only females presented divergences (P < 0.05) in the red blood cell series, in haemoglobin and in mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH). Regarding the analysis of the white blood cell series, females only presented differences (P < 0.05) in the leukocyte count. For males, there were variations (P < 0.05) in the counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.[...]

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de camundongos imunossuprimidos BALB/c NUDE E C57BL/6 SCID / Haematological and biochemical values of immunosuppressed BALB/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice

Background: The emergence of the NUDE and SCID immunosuppressed mice lineages generated knowledge on various mechanisms of lymphocyte maturation and human autoimmune diseases. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of these lineages is still scarce, making it impossible to infer homeostasis by comparing data, or to detect genetic influences on the parameters for these species. Haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on Balb/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice of both sexes, aiming to analyse the presence of genetic influence on possible variations of such parameters and to verify reference values for both lineages.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and forty mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/C NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID lineages were used in the present study. The animals were previously anesthetized, the blood collection procedure was performed by cardiac puncture and the samples were collected in the presence of heparin and intended for haematological and biochemical evaluation, under standardized conditions. The haematological evaluation consisted of red blood cell count, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While analysing the obtained data, it was possible to observe that only females presented divergences (P < 0.05) in the red blood cell series, in haemoglobin and in mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH). Regarding the analysis of the white blood cell series, females only presented differences (P < 0.05) in the leukocyte count. For males, there were variations (P < 0.05) in the counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.[...](AU)

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de camundongos da linhagem Balb-c / Haematological and biochemical profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...]

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de camundongos da linhagem Balb-c / Haematological and biochemical profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...](AU)

Effect of different receptor sites on the development after ovarian autograft balb/c female mice / Efeito de diferentes sítios receptores no desenvolvimento do autotransplante ovariano em camundongas balb/c

The aim of this study was to compare two receptor sites in ovarian autologous transplantation in mice. Twelve Balb-c mice were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each: G1 - non-transplanted animals, G2 - animals which received the ovarian fragment in the perimetrium, G3 - animals which had the abdominal subcutaneous tissue as a receptor site. For transplantation, mice were subjected to bilateral salpingectomia. The left ovary was submitted for histological processing. The right ovarian cortex was fragmented and reimplanted in the specified places according to the groups. Transplants were recovered in 3/4 of the mice in each treatment group. In vaginal washes, the return of the ovarian activity in half of the females of G3 and 3/4 females of G2 was observed. It was detected the presence of corpora lutea in 1/4 of G3 transplants and half in G2. In follicular population all stages of development were observed. Comparing the receptor sites, it was observed a higher percentage of return to cyclicity, as well as of follicles, in animals which had the perimetrium as the site of transplantation. In the subcutaneous, there was a lower follicular growth and lower quantity of corpus luteum. Thus, ovarian autologous transplantation allocated in the subcutaneous tissue and perimetrium allowed both tissue maintenance and follicular development; however, the site of choice will depend on the final goal one aims with the technique

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica

Effect of different receptor sites on the development after ovarian autograft balb/c female mice / Efeito de diferentes sítios receptores no desenvolvimento do autotransplante ovariano em camundongas balb/c

The aim of this study was to compare two receptor sites in ovarian autologous transplantation in mice. Twelve Balb-c mice were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each: G1 - non-transplanted animals, G2 - animals which received the ovarian fragment in the perimetrium, G3 - animals which had the abdominal subcutaneous tissue as a receptor site. For transplantation, mice were subjected to bilateral salpingectomia. The left ovary was submitted for histological processing. The right ovarian cortex was fragmented and reimplanted in the specified places according to the groups. Transplants were recovered in 3/4 of the mice in each treatment group. In vaginal washes, the return of the ovarian activity in half of the females of G3 and 3/4 females of G2 was observed. It was detected the presence of corpora lutea in 1/4 of G3 transplants and half in G2. In follicular population all stages of development were observed. Comparing the receptor sites, it was observed a higher percentage of return to cyclicity, as well as of follicles, in animals which had the perimetrium as the site of transplantation. In the subcutaneous, there was a lower follicular growth and lower quantity of corpus luteum. Thus, ovarian autologous transplantation allocated in the subcutaneous tissue and perimetrium allowed both tissue maintenance and follicular development; however, the site of choice will depend on the final goal one aims with the technique(AU)

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica(AU)

Xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares: estado da arte e perspectivas em mamíferos domésticos e silvestres / Ovarian and testicular xenografting: state of art and perspectives in domestic and wild mammals

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de artigos sobre xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares vem sendo publicado e demonstrando com isso o interesse gradual da comunidade científica sobre o tema. O presente artigo versará sobre a construção do conhecimento científico neste campo de pesquisa, os avanços mais recentes e as perspectivas de utilização da técnica associada a outras biotécnicas, além disso, tratará das expectativas nacionais acerca do assunto e atuação do Laboratório de Transplantes Gonadais da UFERSA, em Mossoró-RN, no país e as tendências mundiais no tema.

In recent years, a growing number of publications about ovarian and testicular xenografts has been published and increasing gradually the interest of the scientific community on this theme. This paper will focus on the construction of scientific knowledge in this field of research, the latest advances and perspectives of utilization associated with other biotechniques. Furthermore, deal with national expectations about the subject and performance of the Laboratory of Gonadal Transplantation of UFERSA, in Mossoro-RN-Brazil, as in Brazil and globaltrends in theme.

Xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares: estado da arte e perspectivas em mamíferos domésticos e silvestres / Ovarian and testicular xenografting: state of art and perspectives in domestic and wild mammals

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de artigos sobre xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares vem sendo publicado e demonstrando com isso o interesse gradual da comunidade científica sobre o tema. O presente artigo versará sobre a construção do conhecimento científico neste campo de pesquisa, os avanços mais recentes e as perspectivas de utilização da técnica associada a outras biotécnicas, além disso, tratará das expectativas nacionais acerca do assunto e atuação do Laboratório de Transplantes Gonadais da UFERSA, em Mossoró-RN, no país e as tendências mundiais no tema.(AU)

In recent years, a growing number of publications about ovarian and testicular xenografts has been published and increasing gradually the interest of the scientific community on this theme. This paper will focus on the construction of scientific knowledge in this field of research, the latest advances and perspectives of utilization associated with other biotechniques. Furthermore, deal with national expectations about the subject and performance of the Laboratory of Gonadal Transplantation of UFERSA, in Mossoro-RN-Brazil, as in Brazil and global trends in theme.(AU)

Placenta artificial: um método alternativo no suporte de vida de neonatos prematuros na medicina veterinária / Artificial placenta: an alternative method in support of life of premature infants in veterinary medicine / Placenta artificial: un método alternativo de soporte de vida de prematuros en medicina veterinaria

O modelo de placenta artificial tem como finalidade recriar o ambiente intrauterino, mantendo a circulação fetal e realizando as trocas gasosas e, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a maturação pulmonar. A placenta artificial apresenta-se como uma estratégia de suporte extracorpórea para neonatos prematuros cujos pulmões ainda não estejam completamente desenvolvidos. Este sistema é composto basicamente por uma bomba centrífuga, um oxigenador de membrana e cânulas inseridas nos vasos fetais para renovação do sangue. As tentativas de desenvolver uma placenta artificial foram abandonadas em meados da década de 80, mas com os avanços tecnológicos, em especial com o surgimento dos oxigenadores de membrana de fibra oca e os oxigenadores não microporosos compostos de biomateriais, deixaram os pesquisadores otimistas no desenvolvimento do modelo ideal de placenta artificial. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão dos fatos históricos e discute os avanços e perspectivas da utilização de modelos de placenta artificial na medicina veterinária.

The model of artificial placenta has the intention to recreate the intrauterine environment while maintaining the fetal circulation and gas exchange and at the same time allowing lung maturation. The artificial placenta presents itself as a strategy of extracorporeal support for premature infants whose lungs are not fully developed. This system is basically composed of a centrifugal pump, a membrane oxygenator and cannulas inserted into the fetal vessels for renovation blood. Attempts to develop an artificial placenta were abandoned in the mid-80s, but with technological advances, in particular with the appearance of hollow fiber membrane oxygenators and non microporous oxygenators composite of biomaterials, left hopeful researchers in the development of ideal model of artificial placenta. This article presents a review of the historical facts and discusses the progress and prospects of the use of different models of artificial placenta in veterinary medicine.

El modelo de placenta artificial tiene la intención de recrear el ambiente intrauterino, para mantener la circulación fetal y el intercambio de gas y, al mismo tiempo, permite la maduración pulmonar. La placenta artificial se presenta como una estrategia de apoyo extracorpórea para los prematuros cuyos pulmones no están completamente desarrollados. Este sistema se compone básicamente de una bomba centrífuga, un oxigenador de membrana y cánulas insertadas en los vasos sanguíneos fetales para la renovación de la sangre. Los intentos de desarrollar una placenta artificial fueron abandonadas a mediados de los años 80, pero con los avances tecnológicos, en particular, con la aparición de los oxigenadores de membrana de fibra hueca y los oxigenadores sin microporos compuestos de biomateriales, hicieron los investigadores creer en el desarrollo del modelo ideal de placenta artificial. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de los hechos históricos y se analizan los avances y perspectivas del uso de placenta artificiais en la medicina veterinaria.

Transplantes gonodais: estado da arte / Gonadal transplantation: state of the art

As técnicas de transplante para finalidades reprodutivas estão sendo utilizadas com destaque devido ao potencial aproveitamento de gônadas para o fornecimento de gametas. Desse modo, o aperfeiçoamento destas tecnologias é de interesse econômico, ecológico e até mesmo para o estudo de fisiologia reprodutiva. Em geral, os transplantes podem ser considerados em função do local em que a gônada será depositada e a relação doador-receptor em autotransplante (quando doador e receptor são o mesmo indivíduo), isotransplante (quando doador e receptor são geneticamente idênticos), alotransplante (entre indivíduos de mesma espécie e compatíveis) ou o xenotransplante (entre indivíduos de espécies diferentes). A escolha de um doador e receptor obedece ao objetivo e a aplicação desejada. No caso de gônadas, em qualquer que seja situação o objetivo principal é a manutenção da atividade endócrina e exócrina da gônada envolvida, ou seja, para a produção de hormônios e de gametas. Verifica-se que o autotransplante é uma técnica bastante usual para o aproveitamento de ovários, que as técnicas de isotransplante e alotransplante necessitam de maiores estudos em animais domésticos como modelos experimentais e que o xenotransplante vem desempenhando crescente interesse da comunidade científica com produção de crias viáveis tanto derivadas de ovários quanto de testículos, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos no país.

Transplantation techniques for breeding purposes are especially used due the potential of the gonads to provide gametes. Thus, the improvement of these technologies is of interest to economic, ecological and even for the study of reproductive physiology. In general, the transplantation can be defined depending on the site where the gonad will be grafted and in donor-recipient relationship as: autotransplantation (when donor and recipient are the same individual), isotransplantation (between donor and recipient genetically identical), allotransplantation (between individuals of the same species and compatible) or xenotransplantation (between individuals of different species). The choice of a donor and recipient is depending of purpose and desired application. In the case of the gonads, in whatever situation the main objective is the maintenance of exocrine and endocrine activity of the gonad, ie for the production of hormones and gametes. We verified that the autotransplantation technique is quite usual for the use of ovaries, the isotransplantation and allotransplantation techniques needs for further studies in domestic animals such as experimental models and the xenotransplantation plays a increasing interest in the scientific community to produce viable offspring derived from both ovaries and testicles, and more studies should be conducted in the country.

Transplantes gonodais: estado da arte / Gonadal transplantation: state of the art

As técnicas de transplante para finalidades reprodutivas estão sendo utilizadas com destaque devido ao potencial aproveitamento de gônadas para o fornecimento de gametas. Desse modo, o aperfeiçoamento destas tecnologias é de interesse econômico, ecológico e até mesmo para o estudo de fisiologia reprodutiva. Em geral, os transplantes podem ser considerados em função do local em que a gônada será depositada e a relação doador-receptor em autotransplante (quando doador e receptor são o mesmo indivíduo), isotransplante (quando doador e receptor são geneticamente idênticos), alotransplante (entre indivíduos de mesma espécie e compatíveis) ou o xenotransplante (entre indivíduos de espécies diferentes). A escolha de um doador e receptor obedece ao objetivo e a aplicação desejada. No caso de gônadas, em qualquer que seja situação o objetivo principal é a manutenção da atividade endócrina e exócrina da gônada envolvida, ou seja, para a produção de hormônios e de gametas. Verifica-se que o autotransplante é uma técnica bastante usual para o aproveitamento de ovários, que as técnicas de isotransplante e alotransplante necessitam de maiores estudos em animais domésticos como modelos experimentais e que o xenotransplante vem desempenhando crescente interesse da comunidade científica com produção de crias viáveis tanto derivadas de ovários quanto de testículos, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos no país.(AU)

Transplantation techniques for breeding purposes are especially used due the potential of the gonads to provide gametes. Thus, the improvement of these technologies is of interest to economic, ecological and even for the study of reproductive physiology. In general, the transplantation can be defined depending on the site where the gonad will be grafted and in donor-recipient relationship as: autotransplantation (when donor and recipient are the same individual), isotransplantation (between donor and recipient genetically identical), allotransplantation (between individuals of the same species and compatible) or xenotransplantation (between individuals of different species). The choice of a donor and recipient is depending of purpose and desired application. In the case of the gonads, in whatever situation the main objective is the maintenance of exocrine and endocrine activity of the gonad, ie for the production of hormones and gametes. We verified that the autotransplantation technique is quite usual for the use of ovaries, the isotransplantation and allotransplantation techniques needs for further studies in domestic animals such as experimental models and the xenotransplantation plays a increasing interest in the scientific community to produce viable offspring derived from both ovaries and testicles, and more studies should be conducted in the country.(AU)

Prevalência dos principais agentes infecciosos envolvidos em abortos em caprinos no Nordeste brasileiro / Prevalence of the main infectious agents involved in abortions in goats from Northeastern Brazil

O presente artigo objetiva realizar breve revisão sobre os principais agentes infecciosos de abortos em caprinos criados no Nordeste brasileiro, e, apontar a prevalência sorológica de tais microrganismos. Na literatura consultada foram observados registros de abortos em caprinos pelas bactérias Leptospira spp. e Chlamydophila abortus; e pelos protozoários Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondiie Trypanosoma vivax. Não houve relatos da ocorrência do componente viral na etiologia dos abortos em caprinos no Nordeste brasileiro. As enfermidades causadas por tais agentes etiológicos estão bem difundidas nos criatórios nordestinos, sendo necessários estudos mais aprofundados a fim de quantificar as perdas econômicas, e, despertar nos produtores e médicos veterinários de campo, o interesse em implantar programas de controle e profilaxia mais eficientes.

This article aims to accomplish a brief review about the main infectious agents involved in abortion in goats from Northeastern Brazil, and to point out the serological prevalence of those microorganisms. In the reviewed literature there were records of abortions in goats by the bacteria Leptospira spp. and Chlamydophila abortus, and the protozoan Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondiiand Trypanosoma vivax. There were no reports of the occurrence of the viral component in the etiology of abortions in goats in Northeastern Brazil. Diseases caused by such etiological agents are well distributed in farms on this region, and further studies are needed to quantify the economic losses and arouse in the producers and practitioners the interest in development of more efficient prevention and control programs.

Transplante ovariano: aplicações na reprodução de animais domésticos, silvestres e humanos / Ovarian transplantation: applications for reproduction of domestic and wild animals, and humans

O transplante ovariano constitui-se numa técnica em que um ovário ou parte dele é transferido de um doador para receptoras que podem ser o mesmo indivíduo, outro ser da mesma espécie ou ainda de espécie diferente, para locais próximos ou distantes da posição anatômica original. A presente revisão aborda conceitos importantes para a elucidação dos principais eventos da foliculogênese e maturação folicular bem como, as aplicações dos transplantes ovarianos e perspectivas dessa técnica na reprodução de animais domésticos, silvestres e humanos. Outros estudos ainda são necessários para a melhor compreensão dos eventos relacionados ao desenvolvimento do tecido ovariano, da interação entre tecidos doadores e receptores, seus locais de transplante, assim como indivíduos e espécies envolvidas.

Ovarian transplantation constitutes a technique in which one ovary or part of this is transferred from a donor to recipients that may be the same individual, other recipient of the same specie or no, near or far from the original anatomical site. This review covers important concepts for the elucidation of the main events of folliculogenesis and follicular maturation as well as the applications of ovarian transplantation and prospects of this technique in the breeding of domestic animals, wildlife and humans. Other studies are still necessary to better understanding of the events regarding to the ovarian development, interactions between donor and receptor tissues, their site of transplantation as well as individuals and involved species.

Biometria e alterações do equilíbrio podal em equinos utilizados em vaquejada / Biometry and hoof balance alterations in horses used to vaquejada

Este estudo avaliou o equilíbrio do casco de 50 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha utilizados em provas de vaquejada, para determinar a biometria e as alterações do equilíbrio podal. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o grau de pureza racial: grupo 1 (animais puros) e grupo 2 (animais mestiços). Sete mensurações do casco foram realizadas: comprimento e largura do casco na região solear, comprimento e largura da ranilha, comprimento e ângulo da pinça, e altura dos talões (medial e lateral) dos quatro cascos. A partir dessas mensurações, os seguintes problemas foram identificados: 32 equinos (64%) tinham talões contraídos, 15 (30%) apresentavam desequilíbrio médio-lateral, e 27 (54%) tinham assimetria dos cascos contra-laterais. A diferença do ângulo da pinça nos membros contra-laterais em ambos os grupos não foi significativa, no entanto, alguns equinos apresentaram diferença no ângulo da pinça entre os cascos contra-laterais, variando do grau 1 a 2. A alta frequência de anormalidades do equilíbrio podal nessa população sugere que as técnicas de casqueamento empregadas nesta população estudada sejam revistas e melhoradas.

This study assessed the hoof balance of 50 adult Quarter horses in training of vaquejada to determine the biometry and incidence of hoof imbalance. Seven measurements of the hoof were taken: angle at the toe, lateral and medial heel length, toe length, frog length and width, and length and width of sole. From these measurements the following hoof problems could be identified: 32 out of 50 horses (64%) had contracted heels, 15 (30%) had medial to lateral hoof imbalance, and 27 (54%) had asymmetry of hoof. The difference of toe angle among contralateral members was not significant, however, some horses presented difference among the angle of the opposite forelimb, varying from the degree 1 to the 2, and foot contraction varied from 40 to 64% to the different studied members. The high frequency of hoof abnormalities in this population of horses suggests that trimming and shoeing practices employed should be reviewed and improved.

Folículos ovarianos pré-antrais bovinos : cultivo in vitro e xenotransplante

Objetivou-se testar diferentes protocolos de cultivo in vitro e in vivo de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais de fetos bovinos. Para tanto, um total de 41 ovários de fetos bovinos foram obtidos em matadouro, transportados e utilizados para o cultivo in vitro (n=20) e para o xenotransplante (n=21). Após processados no laboratório em fragmentos entre 0,5 e 1 mm3 foram encaminhados para os cultivos O cultivo in vitro baseou-se em protocolo bem sucedido de cultivo de FOPA em caprinos e testou diferentes fontes de macromoléculas e a utilização do azul de tripan na viabilidade dos tecidos cultivados a uma atmosfera controlada de 5% CO2 em ar, a 38,5°C e nutridos com dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7,2) suplementado com antibióticos, ITS, piruvato de sódio, glutamina, hipoxantina, dAMPc, bFSH e IGF-I. A depender do tratamento, foi adicionado BSA (0,1%) SFB (10%) ou PVA (1%). O cultivo in vivo de FOPA foi executado por xenotransplante sob a cápsula renal num total de 65 camundongas imunodeficientes. Desenvolveu-se uma técnica de biopsia e verificou-se o efeito do tempo de transplante (30, 60 e 30 e 60 dias após o transplante) sobre a percentagem e a viabilidade de FOPA bem como a possível presença de folículos antrais. Num segundo momento, 32 receptoras receberam estímulo hormonal de 10 UI de eCG (n=18) e 10 UI r-hFSH (n=14). Os resultados mostraram que o cultivo com PVA apresentou FOPA normais em percentagem semelhante aos cultivos com BSA e PVA. Quanto ao cultivo por xenotransplante, observou-se o crescimento sucessivo de FOPA até estádios antrais ao longo do tempo de transplante (> 30 dias). O resultado das estimulações exógenas apresentou folículos antrais com oócitos que apresentaram o cumulus expandido em 2/5 (40%) dos oócitos selecionados para MIV de cada um dos tratamentos propostos. Concluindo, FOPA oriundos de fetos bovinos podem ser cultivados por pelo menos 8 dias em PVA...

This study aimed to evaluate different protocols of in vitro and in vivo preantral follicles (PFs) culture from bovine fetus. Thus, a total of 41 fetal bovine ovaries, from a slaughterhouse, were collected and transported at laboratory for in vitro culture (n=20) and for xenotransplantation (n=21), after processing into small cortical pieces measuring between 0,5 and 1mm3 the slices were cultured. The in vitro culture was based on well successful protocol of preantral follicles in caprine and tested different sources of macromolecules and trypan blue viability of cultured tissues cultured at controlled atmosphere (5%CO2 in air, 39°C). The culture medium used was dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7, 2) supplemented with antibiotics, ITS, sodium pyruvate, glutamine, hypoxanthine, dAMPc, bFSH, and IGF-I. Depending of treatment, was added BSA (0,1%), FCS (10%) or PVA (1%). In vivo culture of preantral follicles was carried out by xenotransplantation under renal capsule of immunodeficient females mice (total of 65) that were submitted to a biopsy technique previously developed for tissue collection and to verify the effectiveness of time of transplantation (30, 60 and 30 and 60 days post surgery) under percentage and viability as well as putative growth of PFs to antral follicles. At second stage, 32 recipient mice were submitted to hormonal stimuli with 10 IU of eCG (n=18) and 10 IU of r-hFSH (n=14). The results showed that PVA culture presented normally PF in similar distribution when compared with BSA and PVA culture. Regarding xenotransplantation, successive growth of PF until antral stages was observed belong time of transplantation. Exogenous stimulation presented oocytes with expanded cumulus in 2/5 (40%) of selected oocytes for IVM from each treatment. Conclusively PFs from fetal bovine ovaries can be cultured at PVA at least 8 days and grows until antral stages after xenotransplantation procedures...

Parâmetros hematológicos de cutias (Dasyprocta sp) cativas no seminário nordestino brasileiro / Hematological parameters in captive agoutis (Dasyprocta sp) in the Brazils northeastern semiarid

O estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar os valores hematológicos de cutias (Dasyprocta sp.) criadas em cativeiro no nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas 20 cutias, sendo onze fêmeas (seis jovens e cinco adultas) e nove machos (quatro jovens e cinco adultos). Todos os animais eram oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido. Foram colhidos 4mL de sangue da veia femoral e acondicionados em frascos contendo EDT A. Encaminharam-se as amostras ao laboratório para realização de hemograma, seguindo as técnicas usuais. Os resultados foram compa¬rados em função do sexo e idade e analisados pelo teste de Tukey (P

The study aimed to demonstrate the hematological values of agoutis (Dasyprocta sp.) bred in cap¬tivity in Brazil' s northeast. Twenty agoutis were used, being eleven females (six young ones and five adults), and nine males (four young ones and five adults). AlI animals were from the Multipli¬cation Center of Wild Animals of the Rural Federal University of the Semiarid. Four ml of blood were collected from the femoral vein and stored in tubes containing EDT A. The samples were sent to the laboratory for complete blood count, following the usual techniques. The results were compared considering sex and age, and analyzed by the Tukey test (P <0.05). The total number of erythrocytes and mean corpuscular volume did not differ between groups. For adult females, hemoglobin level was lower when compared to young males, and the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin was reduced compared to young animals of both sexes. The hematocrit was high in adults. For the WBC (white blood cells) count, no differences between groups were observed. As for platelets, there was superiority in young females. The results may serve as a basis to establish hematological references to agoutis of Brazil' s northeast(AU)