Percutaneous application of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell in dogs submitted to minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the tibia

Purpose To evaluate clinical outcome following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) associated with percutaneous transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) at the tibial fracture site in dogs. Methods Thirty-six dogs presenting with nonarticular complete tibial fracture were included in this study. All fractures were treated by the same MIPO technique. The animals were divided in group 1 (n = 20) received a percutaneous application of 3 × 106 AD-MSC at the fracture site and group 2 (n = 16) did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Postoperative radiographic examinations were made at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Results Fifty-eight percent of the patients were classified as skeletally immature. The median weight of the animals was 18.8 kg. The mean radiographic union time differed statistically between the AD-MSC group (28.5 days) and the control group (70.3 days). Sixty percent of dogs in group 1 and 56.25% of the group 2 were considered immature. Conclusions The use of allogeneic AD-MSC cell therapy and MIPO is a safe, viable and effective technique for promoting bone healing in nonarticular tibial fractures in dogs.(AU)

Bone alignment after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the tibia in dogs / Avaliação do alinhamento ósseo após osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa de tíbia em cães

This study assessed radiographically changes in tibial alignment in the frontal and sagittal planes in dogs that underwent minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) without the aid of image intensifiers. Radiographs of dogs with complete non-articular tibial fractures submitted to MIPO were included and evaluated, without the aid of a transoperative image intensifier and / or an association of implants. The tibial mechanical angles (mMPTA, mMDTA, mCaPTA and mCrDTA) were measured by three evaluators. The data obtained were compared with results from previously published studies. Twenty-seven animals were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of the angular changes were as follows: mMPTA, 2.54° ± 3.10 (-1.1º to 8.7º); mMDTA, 0.03º ± 0.16 (-3.44º to 0.79º); mCaPTA, 37º ± 4.29 (-6.23º to 14.87º); and mCrDTA, 8.25° ± 5.53 (-0.2º to 17.28º). There was a negative correlation between “mCaPTA” and “mCrDTA”. MIPO of the tibia without using image intensifiers and implant association can potentially cause angular changes, which can lead to clinically relevant deformities after bone healing.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar radiograficamente as alterações no alinhamento da tíbia nos planos frontal e sagital em cães submetidos à osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa (MIPO) sem o auxílio de intensificadores de imagem. Foram incluídas e avaliadas radiografias de cães com fraturas completas da tíbia não articulares submetidos a MIPO, sem o auxílio de intensificador de imagem transoperatório e/ou associação de implantes. Os ângulos mecânicos tibiais (mMPTA, mMDTA, mCaPTA e mCrDTA) foram mensurados por três avaliadores. Os dados obtidos pela média de todas as avaliações foram comparados com resultados de estudos previamente publicados. Vinte e sete animais foram incluídos no estudo. A média e desvio padrão das alterações angulares foram os seguintes: mMPTA= 2,54° ± 3,10 (-1,1º a 8,7º); mMDTA= 0,03º ± 0,16 (-3,44º a 0,79º); mCaPTA= 37º ± 4,29 (-6,23º a 14,87º); e mCrDTA= 8,25° ± 5,53 (-0,2º a 17,28º). Houve uma correlação negativa entre “mCaPTA” e “mCrDTA”. A realização de MIPO em tíbia sem o uso de intensificadores de imagem e associação de implantes pode causar alterações angulares, o que pode levar a deformidades clinicamente relevantes após a cicatrização óssea.

Bone alignment after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the tibia in dogs / Avaliação do alinhamento ósseo após osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa de tíbia em cães

This study assessed radiographically changes in tibial alignment in the frontal and sagittal planes in dogs that underwent minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) without the aid of image intensifiers. Radiographs of dogs with complete non-articular tibial fractures submitted to MIPO were included and evaluated, without the aid of a transoperative image intensifier and / or an association of implants. The tibial mechanical angles (mMPTA, mMDTA, mCaPTA and mCrDTA) were measured by three evaluators. The data obtained were compared with results from previously published studies. Twenty-seven animals were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of the angular changes were as follows: mMPTA, 2.54° ± 3.10 (-1.1º to 8.7º); mMDTA, 0.03º ± 0.16 (-3.44º to 0.79º); mCaPTA, 37º ± 4.29 (-6.23º to 14.87º); and mCrDTA, 8.25° ± 5.53 (-0.2º to 17.28º). There was a negative correlation between “mCaPTA” and “mCrDTA”. MIPO of the tibia without using image intensifiers and implant association can potentially cause angular changes, which can lead to clinically relevant deformities after bone healing.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar radiograficamente as alterações no alinhamento da tíbia nos planos frontal e sagital em cães submetidos à osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa (MIPO) sem o auxílio de intensificadores de imagem. Foram incluídas e avaliadas radiografias de cães com fraturas completas da tíbia não articulares submetidos a MIPO, sem o auxílio de intensificador de imagem transoperatório e/ou associação de implantes. Os ângulos mecânicos tibiais (mMPTA, mMDTA, mCaPTA e mCrDTA) foram mensurados por três avaliadores. Os dados obtidos pela média de todas as avaliações foram comparados com resultados de estudos previamente publicados. Vinte e sete animais foram incluídos no estudo. A média e desvio padrão das alterações angulares foram os seguintes: mMPTA= 2,54° ± 3,10 (-1,1º a 8,7º); mMDTA= 0,03º ± 0,16 (-3,44º a 0,79º); mCaPTA= 37º ± 4,29 (-6,23º a 14,87º); e mCrDTA= 8,25° ± 5,53 (-0,2º a 17,28º). Houve uma correlação negativa entre “mCaPTA” e “mCrDTA”. A realização de MIPO em tíbia sem o uso de intensificadores de imagem e associação de implantes pode causar alterações angulares, o que pode levar a deformidades clinicamente relevantes após a cicatrização óssea.(AU)

Ureteral stent placement using a double J-catheter in the treatment of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the final segment of one or both ureteral orifices is locateddistal to the bladder trigone. It may be classified as intra- or extramural. Surgical treatment of ectopic ureters in dogs isrecommended and the approach varies with the classification. In the postoperative period, complications are common.When stenosis of the new ureteral ostium occurs, immediate repeated surgery is recommended. This study aimed at usingthe double J catheter placement following neoureterostomy to treat urethral obstruction secondary to the surgical treatmentof an intramural ectopic ureter in a dog.Case: An 8-month-old female French bulldog with dysuria and urinary incontinence was seen at a private veterinaryhospital in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. The patient had previously been diagnosed with an intramural ectopic ureter on theright side following imaging tests (ultrasound, computed tomography, and abdominal radiography, excretory urography)and had undergone neoureterostomy and closure of the intramural pathway approximately a year ago. Ultrasonographicexamination showed dilation of the caudal portion of the ureter and hydroureter, which was suggestive of right ureteralstenosis. Computed tomography was also performed to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; an increase in the diameter of the right ureter in its middle portion and close to the bladder triangle was observed. A new surgical interventionwas indicated and performed. The ureteral route was identified in a region of the bladder trigone, incised, and probed witha urethral probe No. 04. The intramural course in the proximal urethra was identified and probed with a 16G epiduralcatheter. It was necessary to perform a neoureterostomy. A longitudinal incision (spatulation) of approximately 5 mm wasmade in the distal portion of the right ureter to increase the circumference of the...

Ureteral stent placement using a double J-catheter in the treatment of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the final segment of one or both ureteral orifices is locateddistal to the bladder trigone. It may be classified as intra- or extramural. Surgical treatment of ectopic ureters in dogs isrecommended and the approach varies with the classification. In the postoperative period, complications are common.When stenosis of the new ureteral ostium occurs, immediate repeated surgery is recommended. This study aimed at usingthe double J catheter placement following neoureterostomy to treat urethral obstruction secondary to the surgical treatmentof an intramural ectopic ureter in a dog.Case: An 8-month-old female French bulldog with dysuria and urinary incontinence was seen at a private veterinaryhospital in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. The patient had previously been diagnosed with an intramural ectopic ureter on theright side following imaging tests (ultrasound, computed tomography, and abdominal radiography, excretory urography)and had undergone neoureterostomy and closure of the intramural pathway approximately a year ago. Ultrasonographicexamination showed dilation of the caudal portion of the ureter and hydroureter, which was suggestive of right ureteralstenosis. Computed tomography was also performed to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; an increase in the diameter of the right ureter in its middle portion and close to the bladder triangle was observed. A new surgical interventionwas indicated and performed. The ureteral route was identified in a region of the bladder trigone, incised, and probed witha urethral probe No. 04. The intramural course in the proximal urethra was identified and probed with a 16G epiduralcatheter. It was necessary to perform a neoureterostomy. A longitudinal incision (spatulation) of approximately 5 mm wasmade in the distal portion of the right ureter to increase the circumference of the...(AU)

Caprine demineralized bone matrix (DBMc) in the repair of non-critical bone defects in rabbit tibias. A new bone xenograft

Purpose To evaluate the use of demineralized bone matrix of caprine origin in experimental bone defects of the tibia in New Zealand rabbits. Methods Fragments of the tibia diaphysis were collected aseptically from clinically healthy goats. The bones were sectioned into 1 cm fragments and stored at -20°C for subsequent hydrochloric acid (HCL) demineralization. A 70 mg portion of DBMc was used to fill the experimental bone defects. Twenty-four female adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: the MG (matrix group, left tibia) and CG (control group, right tibia). Additionally, they were separated into 4 groups with 6 animals, according to the period of analysis (15, 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively). Using microCT, volumetric parameters were evaluated: bone volume, relationship between bone volume and total volume, bone surface area, relationship between bone surface area and total volume, number of trabeculae, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Results There was a statistically significant difference (P 0.05) between groups considering bone volume (BV) and bone:total volume (BV/TV), on 15, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Control group showed a statistically significant superiority (P < 0.05) considering the mean of the variables bone surface (BS), number of trabeculae (Tb.N) and between bone surface and total volume (BS/TV) at 15 and 90 days. Conclusions Caprine demineralized bone matrix was safe and tolerable. No signs of material rejection were seen macroscopically. It is an alternative for the treatment of bone defects when autologous graft is not available or in insufficient quantities.(AU)

Laboratory evaluation and serum level of phenobarbital administered by different pathways in dogs / Avaliação laboratorial e nível sérico do fenobarbital administrado por diferentes vias em cão

Background: Anticonvulsants are widely used in the treatment of small animals for the remission of isolated seizures and recurrent seizures in epilepsy, including tonic-clonic seizures and in status epileticus. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for the management of epileptic seizures, it is considered very effective, safe, low cost and with few side effects. Several routes of administration may be used, with the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes being the most common, with rectal and nasal routes being the least common.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty mongrel dogs were used in the present study (aged 1 to 6-year-old, males and females, weighing 6.0 to 17.0 kg). The patients were previously evaluated via physical examination, temperature, respiratory and heart rate, laboratory tests (erythrogram and leukogram), and serum biochemistry by analyzing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT). Four experimental groups were established with five animals in each group: animals receiving intramuscular injections of phenobarbital (VIM), animals receiving nasal administration of phenobarbital (VN), animals receiving rectal administration of phenobarbital (VR), and animals receiving oral administration of phenobarbital (VO). Phenobarbital was administered every 12 h for 15 days. To determine the serum level of phenobarbital, 5 mL of jugular vein blood was collected in vacuum tubes for evaluation via hemogram. The serum level was determined after 15 days of continuous administration of phenobarbital, as stable phenobarbital serum levels can only be achieved from 10 to 15 days after the first administration. For the serum biochemistry evaluation, 10 mL of blood from the jugular vein was collected using vacuum syringes for assessing ALT, AST, GGT, and FA levels.[...]

Laboratory evaluation and serum level of phenobarbital administered by different pathways in dogs / Avaliação laboratorial e nível sérico do fenobarbital administrado por diferentes vias em cão

Background: Anticonvulsants are widely used in the treatment of small animals for the remission of isolated seizures and recurrent seizures in epilepsy, including tonic-clonic seizures and in status epileticus. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for the management of epileptic seizures, it is considered very effective, safe, low cost and with few side effects. Several routes of administration may be used, with the oral, intravenous and intramuscular routes being the most common, with rectal and nasal routes being the least common.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty mongrel dogs were used in the present study (aged 1 to 6-year-old, males and females, weighing 6.0 to 17.0 kg). The patients were previously evaluated via physical examination, temperature, respiratory and heart rate, laboratory tests (erythrogram and leukogram), and serum biochemistry by analyzing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT). Four experimental groups were established with five animals in each group: animals receiving intramuscular injections of phenobarbital (VIM), animals receiving nasal administration of phenobarbital (VN), animals receiving rectal administration of phenobarbital (VR), and animals receiving oral administration of phenobarbital (VO). Phenobarbital was administered every 12 h for 15 days. To determine the serum level of phenobarbital, 5 mL of jugular vein blood was collected in vacuum tubes for evaluation via hemogram. The serum level was determined after 15 days of continuous administration of phenobarbital, as stable phenobarbital serum levels can only be achieved from 10 to 15 days after the first administration. For the serum biochemistry evaluation, 10 mL of blood from the jugular vein was collected using vacuum syringes for assessing ALT, AST, GGT, and FA levels.[...](AU)

Estudo epidemiológico de tumores de mama em cadelas na região do oeste paulista / Epidemiological study of breast tumors in bitch in west paulista region

Os tumores de mama estão sendo estudados com diligencia na medicina veterinária. Com isso, é necessária a compreensão dos fatores epidemiológicos dos mesmos. Na região do Oeste Paulista, há uma acentuada frequência de neoplasias mamárias. Parece haver uma maior constância de tumores malignos, principalmente em animais idosos. O presente trabalho busca enfatizar a correlação entre neoplasias, idade e raça nos animais atendidos no hospital veterinário de Presidente Prudente, no período de 2013 a 2015. Durante este período, foram feitos exames histopatológicos e diagnosticados em 68 animais, 64 tumores malignos, três benignos e uma lesão não neoplásica.A média de idade dos animais foi de 10,7 anos e cães da raça Poodle e sem raça definida foram mais acometidos. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciaram uma alta frequência de tumores malignos em cadelas idosas.

The incidence of mammary gland tumors in female dogs have been studied in veterinary medicine. Thus, the understanding of the epidemiological factors is required. In western of São Paulo region, there is a high frequency of breast tumors, mainly malignant tumors in older animals. The aim of this study was evaluate the data about histopathological diagnosis, breed and age in female dogs with mammary tumors presented at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade do Oeste Paulista during 2013 to 2015. Histopathological examination were performed in samples of 68 animals and 64 presented malignant tumors, three benign tumors and one non-neoplastic lesion. The mean age of female dogs was 10.7 years. The Poodle and mixed breed dogs were more affected. The results of the present study showed a high frequency of malignant tumors in mammary glands of old female dogs.

Estudo epidemiológico de tumores de mama em cadelas na região do oeste paulista / Epidemiological study of breast tumors in bitch in west paulista region

Os tumores de mama estão sendo estudados com diligencia na medicina veterinária. Com isso, é necessária a compreensão dos fatores epidemiológicos dos mesmos. Na região do Oeste Paulista, há uma acentuada frequência de neoplasias mamárias. Parece haver uma maior constância de tumores malignos, principalmente em animais idosos. O presente trabalho busca enfatizar a correlação entre neoplasias, idade e raça nos animais atendidos no hospital veterinário de Presidente Prudente, no período de 2013 a 2015. Durante este período, foram feitos exames histopatológicos e diagnosticados em 68 animais, 64 tumores malignos, três benignos e uma lesão não neoplásica.A média de idade dos animais foi de 10,7 anos e cães da raça Poodle e sem raça definida foram mais acometidos. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciaram uma alta frequência de tumores malignos em cadelas idosas.(AU)

The incidence of mammary gland tumors in female dogs have been studied in veterinary medicine. Thus, the understanding of the epidemiological factors is required. In western of São Paulo region, there is a high frequency of breast tumors, mainly malignant tumors in older animals. The aim of this study was evaluate the data about histopathological diagnosis, breed and age in female dogs with mammary tumors presented at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade do Oeste Paulista during 2013 to 2015. Histopathological examination were performed in samples of 68 animals and 64 presented malignant tumors, three benign tumors and one non-neoplastic lesion. The mean age of female dogs was 10.7 years. The Poodle and mixed breed dogs were more affected. The results of the present study showed a high frequency of malignant tumors in mammary glands of old female dogs.(AU)