Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil / Detecção de genes de virulência e perfis de resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli isoladas de leite cru e queijo artesanal no Sul do Brasil

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M), for ESBL and bla(OXA-48) for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of bla(TEM) gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm...(AU)

O queijo artesanal serrano é um produto típico da região sul do Brasil e se caracteriza por ser produzido a partir de leite cru. A contaminação desse alimento por Escherichia coli assume grande relevância para a saúde pública, pois oferece risco a saúde dos consumidores. Esse estudo avaliou a presença de genes de virulência, os perfis de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de produção de biofilme de isolados de E. coli obtidos a partir de leite cru e queijo artesanal produzido no Sul do Brasil. Um total de 117 isolados de E. coli foram caracterizados por multiplex PCR para detecção dos seguintes genes de virulência: eae para E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC), lt e st para E. coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), stx para E. coli produtora da toxina shiga (STEC), stx e eae para E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), ipaH para E. coli enteroinvasiva (EIEC) e aggR para E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Adicionalmente, o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana a 22 agentes antimicrobianos foi determinado pelo método de disco difusão e a busca de isolados produtores de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e carbapenemase foram realizadas. Os isolados positivos para ESBL e carbapenemase foram investigados quanto a presença dos genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M) para ESBL e bla(OXA-48) para carbapenemase. Além disso, a potencial capacidade dos isolados de E. coli em produzir biofilme foi determinada pela técnica do ágar vermelho Congo. Os genes de virulência de E. coli foram identificados em 21,37% dos isolados testados, que foram classificados como EPEC (patótipo mais prevalente), ETEC ou EAEC. Dez (8,55%) isolados de E. coli apresentaram perfil de multirresistência, pois foram resistentes a três ou mais classes de antimicrobianos; enquanto que quatro isolados (3,42%) foram classificados como produtores de ESBL, sendo identificado o gene blaTEM. Nenhum isolado foi classificado como produtor de carbapenemase. Do total de...(AU)

Heterogeneity determination of bovine leukemia virus genome in Santa Catarina state, Brazil / Determinação da heterogeneidade do genoma do vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus, and the main viral agent responsible for economic loses in dairy herds. Some studies have been carried out about BLV genotypes, and at least seven genotypes were found out in samples of different regions of the world. The objective of this study was to identify BLV samples from seropositive dairy cattle in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, using molecular techniques. Blood samples were collected (454) from dairy cattle from 31 different farms, and serology using agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) was performed. After that, 191 seropositive samples were submitted to DNA extraction, and in 77 samples the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of a 440 bp fragment of the env gene was performed. Nineteen DNA samples were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis by digestion of the PCR fragment by five restriction endonucleases - BamHI, HaeIII, Tru9I, TaqI, and MwoI. It was found 42% seropositive animals (191/454) and 68% positives of the farms (21/31). The PCR showed 80.5% (62/77) of animals positive. The RFLP analysis identified five different genotypes dispersed by Santa Catarina state, with the highest prevalence for genotype X (47.4%). Overall, our results identified the viral genotypes present in dairy cattle and the prevalence of new variants in representative farms from Santa Catarina state.(AU)

O bovine leukemia virus (BLV) é um membro da família Retroviridae, gênero Deltaretrovirus, e o principal agente viral causador de perdas econômicas em rebanhos leiteiros. Diversos estudos têm sido feitos sobre os genótipos de BLV, e foram encontrados pelo menos sete em amostras de diferentes partes do mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização molecular de amostras de BLV de bovinos leiteiros soropositivos no estado de Santa Catarina. Foram coletadas 454 amostras de sangue de bovinos de 31 propriedades, e fez-se inicialmente a sorologia por meio do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar. Após a sorologia, 191 amostras soropositivas foram então submetidas à extração de DNA, e em 77 amostras se realizou a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR), para a amplificação de um fragmento de 440 pb do gene env. Dezenove amostras foram submetidas à análise do polimorfismo dos fragmentos de restrição por digestão do fragmento da PCR por cinco enzimas de restrição: BamHI, HaeIII, Tru9I, TaqI e MwoI. Os resultados obtidos na sorologia apontaram 42% de animais soropositivos (191/454) e 68% de propriedades positivas (21/31). Na PCR, 80,52% (62/77) dos animais apresentaram-se positivos. A análise do polimorfismo dos fragmentos de restrição identificou cinco genótipos circulantes no estado, e a maior prevalência foi observada no genótipo X (47,4%). Este estudo permite-nos conhecer alguns dos genótipos virais presentes em bovinos leiteiros do estado de Santa Catarina, bem como identificar a existência de novas variantes e sua prevalência atual, e os resultados são úteis para futuros estudos epidemiológicos.(AU)

Heterogeneity determination of bovine leukemia virus genome in Santa Catarina state, Brazil / Determinação da heterogeneidade do genoma do vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus, and the main viral agent responsible for economic loses in dairy herds. Some studies have been carried out about BLV genotypes, and at least seven genotypes were found out in samples of different regions of the world. The objective of this study was to identify BLV samples from seropositive dairy cattle in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, using molecular techniques. Blood samples were collected (454) from dairy cattle from 31 different farms, and serology using agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) was performed. After that, 191 seropositive samples were submitted to DNA extraction, and in 77 samples the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of a 440 bp fragment of the env gene was performed. Nineteen DNA samples were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis by digestion of the PCR fragment by five restriction endonucleases - BamHI, HaeIII, Tru9I, TaqI, and MwoI. It was found 42% seropositive animals (191/454) and 68% positives of the farms (21/31). The PCR showed 80.5% (62/77) of animals positive. The RFLP analysis identified five different genotypes dispersed by Santa Catarina state, with the highest prevalence for genotype X (47.4%). Overall, our results identified the viral genotypes present in dairy cattle and the prevalence of new variants in representative farms from Santa Catarina state.(AU)

O bovine leukemia virus (BLV) é um membro da família Retroviridae, gênero Deltaretrovirus, e o principal agente viral causador de perdas econômicas em rebanhos leiteiros. Diversos estudos têm sido feitos sobre os genótipos de BLV, e foram encontrados pelo menos sete em amostras de diferentes partes do mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização molecular de amostras de BLV de bovinos leiteiros soropositivos no estado de Santa Catarina. Foram coletadas 454 amostras de sangue de bovinos de 31 propriedades, e fez-se inicialmente a sorologia por meio do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar. Após a sorologia, 191 amostras soropositivas foram então submetidas à extração de DNA, e em 77 amostras se realizou a reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR), para a amplificação de um fragmento de 440 pb do gene env. Dezenove amostras foram submetidas à análise do polimorfismo dos fragmentos de restrição por digestão do fragmento da PCR por cinco enzimas de restrição: BamHI, HaeIII, Tru9I, TaqI e MwoI. Os resultados obtidos na sorologia apontaram 42% de animais soropositivos (191/454) e 68% de propriedades positivas (21/31). Na PCR, 80,52% (62/77) dos animais apresentaram-se positivos. A análise do polimorfismo dos fragmentos de restrição identificou cinco genótipos circulantes no estado, e a maior prevalência foi observada no genótipo X (47,4%). Este estudo permite-nos conhecer alguns dos genótipos virais presentes em bovinos leiteiros do estado de Santa Catarina, bem como identificar a existência de novas variantes e sua prevalência atual, e os resultados são úteis para futuros estudos epidemiológicos.(AU)

Ocorrência de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças resfriadas de frangos abatidos na região oeste de Santa Catarina / Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples analyzed, the frequency of isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter was 1.82% (8/440) in microregion 1, 4.95% (10/202) in microregion 2 and 13.86% (23/166) in the microregion 3, totaling 5.07% of positive samples (41/808). Comparing the microregions, it was verified that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the isolation frequencies of microregions 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the isolation rates of Microregion 3 in relation to microregions 1 and 2.[...]

Ocorrência de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças resfriadas de frangos abatidos na região oeste de Santa Catarina / Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples analyzed, the frequency of isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter was 1.82% (8/440) in microregion 1, 4.95% (10/202) in microregion 2 and 13.86% (23/166) in the microregion 3, totaling 5.07% of positive samples (41/808). Comparing the microregions, it was verified that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the isolation frequencies of microregions 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the isolation rates of Microregion 3 in relation to microregions 1 and 2.[...](AU)

In vitro development and cell allocation after aggregation of syngeneic wild type and fluorescence-expressing bovine cloned embryos

Background: The in vitro production (IVP) of embryos by in vitro fertilization or cloning procedures has been known to cause epigenetic changes in the conceptus that in turn are associated with abnormalities in pre-and postnatal development. Handmade cloning (HMC) procedures and the culture of zona-free embryos in individual microwells provide excellent tools for studies in developmental biology, since embryo development and cell allocation patterns can be evaluated under a wide range of embryo reconstruction arrangements and in in vitro embryo culture conditions. As disturbances in embryonic cell allocation after in vitro embryo manipulations and unusual in vivo conditions during the first third of pregnancy appear to be associated with large offspring, embryo aggregation procedures may allow a compensation for epigenetic defects between aggregated embryos or even may influence more favorable cell allocation in embryonic lineages, favoring subsequent development. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro embryo developmental potential and the pattern of cell allocation in blastocysts developed after the aggregation of handmade cloned embryos produced using syngeneic wild type and/or transgenic somatic cells. Materials, Methods & Results: In vitro-matured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were manually bisected after cumulus and zona pellucida removal; then, two enucleated hemi-oocytes were paired and fused with either a wild type (WT) or a GFP-expressing (GFP) fetal skin cell at the 11th and 19th passages, respectively. Following chemical activation, reconstructed cloned embryos and zona-free parthenote embryos were in vitro-cultured in microwells, for 7 days, either individually (1 x 100%) or after the aggregation of two structures (2 x 100%) per microwell, as follows: (G1) one WT cloned embryo; (G2) two aggregated WT embryos; (G3) one GFP cloned embryo; (G4) two aggregated GFP embryos; (G5) aggregation of a WT embryo and a GFP embryo; (G6) one parthenote embryo; or (G7) two aggregated parthenote embryos. Fusion (clones), cleavage (Day 2), and blastocyst (Day 7) rates, and embryonic cell allocation were compared by the x² or Fisher tests. Total cell number (TCN) in blastocysts was analyzed by the Student's test (P < 0.05). Fusion and cleavage rates, and cell allocation were similar between groups. On a per WOW basis, development to the blastocyst stage was similar between groups, except for lower rates of development seen in G3. However, when based on number of embryos per group (one or two), blastocyst development was higher in G1 than all other groups, which were similar between one another. Cloned GFP embryos had lower in vitro development to the blastocyst stage than WT embryos, which had more TCN than parthenote or aggregated chimeric WT/GFP embryos. Aggregated GFP embryos had fewer cells than the other embryo groups. Discussion: The in vitro development of GFP cloned embryos was lower than WT embryos, with no effects on cell allocation in resulting blastocysts. Differences in blastocyst rate between groups were likely due to lower GFP-expressing cell viability, as GFP donor cells were at high population cell doublings when used for cloning. On a per embryo basis, embryo aggregation on Day 1 resulted in blastocyst development similar to non-aggregated embryos on Day 7, with no differences in cell proportion between groups. The use of GFP-expressing cells was proven a promising strategy for the study of cell allocation during embryo development, which may assist in the elucidation of mechanisms of abnormalities after in vitro embryo manipulations, leading to the development of improved protocols for the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos.

Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil / Detecção de genes de virulência e perfis de resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli isoladas de leite cru e queijo artesanal no Sul do Brasil

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M), for ESBL and bla(OXA-48) for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of bla(TEM) gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm...

O queijo artesanal serrano é um produto típico da região sul do Brasil e se caracteriza por ser produzido a partir de leite cru. A contaminação desse alimento por Escherichia coli assume grande relevância para a saúde pública, pois oferece risco a saúde dos consumidores. Esse estudo avaliou a presença de genes de virulência, os perfis de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de produção de biofilme de isolados de E. coli obtidos a partir de leite cru e queijo artesanal produzido no Sul do Brasil. Um total de 117 isolados de E. coli foram caracterizados por multiplex PCR para detecção dos seguintes genes de virulência: eae para E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC), lt e st para E. coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), stx para E. coli produtora da toxina shiga (STEC), stx e eae para E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), ipaH para E. coli enteroinvasiva (EIEC) e aggR para E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Adicionalmente, o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana a 22 agentes antimicrobianos foi determinado pelo método de disco difusão e a busca de isolados produtores de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e carbapenemase foram realizadas. Os isolados positivos para ESBL e carbapenemase foram investigados quanto a presença dos genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M) para ESBL e bla(OXA-48) para carbapenemase. Além disso, a potencial capacidade dos isolados de E. coli em produzir biofilme foi determinada pela técnica do ágar vermelho Congo. Os genes de virulência de E. coli foram identificados em 21,37% dos isolados testados, que foram classificados como EPEC (patótipo mais prevalente), ETEC ou EAEC. Dez (8,55%) isolados de E. coli apresentaram perfil de multirresistência, pois foram resistentes a três ou mais classes de antimicrobianos; enquanto que quatro isolados (3,42%) foram classificados como produtores de ESBL, sendo identificado o gene blaTEM. Nenhum isolado foi classificado como produtor de carbapenemase. Do total de...

Obtenção e caracterização de células de membrana sinovial ovina transformadas pelo antígeno T do vírus símio 40: influência na variabilidade dos genes gag e env e do LTR dos vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina (CAEV) e maedi-visna (MVV) dos ovinos

Cultivos celulares podem ser utilizados para isolamento viral, caracterização de novas amostras virais e produção de imunobiológicos. Podem ser empregados cultivos celulares primários, secundários ou de linha. Estes últimos podem ser obtidos pela transformação física, química ou biológica de cultivos primários ou secundários. Para verificar a interação entre células transformadas com o Ag T do vírus símio 40 (SV40) e os Lentivírus de Pequenos Ruminantes (SRLV), amostras brasileiras de SRLV foram utilizadas para inoculação em cultivos celulares de membrana sinovial ovina transformados pelo Ag T e comparadas à amostras inoculadas em cultivos não transformados. Inicialmente, as células transformadas pelo Ag T foram caracterizadas e observou-se um aumento na cinética de crescimento e alterações no cariótipo, provavelmente induzidas pela presença do Ag T. Este foi detectado por PCR no núcleo e no citoplasma das células transformadas e sua expressão, confirmada através de RT-PCR. A fim de avaliar a permissividade e a possível seleção de populações virais em células transformadas, dois isolados, um de maedi-visna dos ovinos e um de artrite-encefalite caprina, foram inoculados em células MSO e TMSOpSV1. Através da análise de sequências dos genes gag e env e LTR obtidos por PCR, procurou-se avaliar a variabilidade viral em função do tipo de célula utilizada. Analisando-se as seqüências obtidas pelo método de Maximum Likelihood, embora tenha sido observada variabilidade viral, esta não estava associada ao tipo celular utilizado para inoculação viral

Alterações hemato-bioquímicas em cães jovens com Gastroenterite Viral: relato de 18 casos / Hemato-biochemical alterations in young dogs with Viral Gastroenteritits: 18 case reports

A Gastroenterite em cães, observada com mais freqüência em animais jovens, está associada a fatores como dieta e agentes infecciosos. O Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) atendeu, em 2002, aproximadamente 900 casos de cães com gastroenterite (12% do total de atendimento). No presente trabalho, foram determinados os parâmetros hemato-bioquímicos em cães afetados por gastroenterites causadas por parvovírus e coronavírus. Utilizaram-se 18 cães com até oito meses de idade, nos quais foi comprovada a presença de parvovírus e/ou coronavírus, mediante a técnica de imunoflurescência direta. Associação de parvo e coronavírus ocorreu em 39% dos caos. Os valores hemato-bioquímicos refletiram estados de imunodeficiência e anemia, devido à predileção dos vírus em atacar a medula óssea e o trato gastrintestinal. O hemograma mostrou valores diminuídos de eritrócitos (94,5% dos casos), hematócrito e hemoglobina (72% dos casos). Leucopenia foi observada em 72% dos cães. Observaram-se baixos teores plasmáticos de globulinas e proteínas totais (89% dos casos), atribuíram à perda protéica no intestino, concomitante com uma hipoalbuminemia (61,1% dos casos). A menor severidade na diminuição de albumina pode estar indicando uma resposta compensatória do organismo para manter a osmolidade sanguínea. Houve em 50% dos casos, em decorrência da hipoalbuminemia. Hipercolesterolemia esteve presente em 72% dos cães, refletindo uma lipomobilização decorrente da anorexia(AU)

Gastroenteritis in dogs, more frequently observed in young animals, is associated to factores such as diet and infections agents. The Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) received approximately 900 cases of gastroenteritis in 2002 (12% of total number of patients). In the present study, hemato-biochemical parameters were determined in dogs affected by gastroenteritis caused by parvovirus and coronavírus. Eighteen dogs up to eight months-old were used for blood count and biochemical analyses. Diagnosis of parvovirus and/for coronavírus was done using the direct immunofluorescen technique. An association of parvo and coronavírus occurred in 39% of the cases. The hemato-biochemical parameters reflected anemia and immunodeficiency, because of the predilection of the viruses in attacking the bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. The blood count showed reduced values for total erythrocyte count (94,5% of total cases), PCV and hemoglobin (72% of total cases), and leucopenia was observed in 72% of the dogs. Low plasma levels of total proteins and globulins (89% of total cases) and albumin (61%) were attributed to protein loss in the intestine. Hipoalbuminemia was not as pronounced, which may indicate a compensatory response of the organism to keep normal blood osmolarity. Animals showed hypocalcemia (50% of total cases) concomitant to hypoalbuminemia. It was observed hypercholesterolemia in 72% of the dogs, reflecting a lipomobilization as a consequence of anorexia(AU)

Alterações hemato-bioquímicas em cães jovens com Gastroenterite Viral: relato de 18 casos / Hemato-biochemical alterations in young dogs with Viral Gastroenteritits: 18 case reports

A Gastroenterite em cães, observada com mais freqüência em animais jovens, está associada a fatores como dieta e agentes infecciosos. O Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) atendeu, em 2002, aproximadamente 900 casos de cães com gastroenterite (12% do total de atendimento). No presente trabalho, foram determinados os parâmetros hemato-bioquímicos em cães afetados por gastroenterites causadas por parvovírus e coronavírus. Utilizaram-se 18 cães com até oito meses de idade, nos quais foi comprovada a presença de parvovírus e/ou coronavírus, mediante a técnica de imunoflurescência direta. Associação de parvo e coronavírus ocorreu em 39% dos caos. Os valores hemato-bioquímicos refletiram estados de imunodeficiência e anemia, devido à predileção dos vírus em atacar a medula óssea e o trato gastrintestinal. O hemograma mostrou valores diminuídos de eritrócitos (94,5% dos casos), hematócrito e hemoglobina (72% dos casos). Leucopenia foi observada em 72% dos cães. Observaram-se baixos teores plasmáticos de globulinas e proteínas totais (89% dos casos), atribuíram à perda protéica no intestino, concomitante com uma hipoalbuminemia (61,1% dos casos). A menor severidade na diminuição de albumina pode estar indicando uma resposta compensatória do organismo para manter a osmolidade sanguínea. Houve em 50% dos casos, em decorrência da hipoalbuminemia. Hipercolesterolemia esteve presente em 72% dos cães, refletindo uma lipomobilização decorrente da anorexia

Gastroenteritis in dogs, more frequently observed in young animals, is associated to factores such as diet and infections agents. The Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) received approximately 900 cases of gastroenteritis in 2002 (12% of total number of patients). In the present study, hemato-biochemical parameters were determined in dogs affected by gastroenteritis caused by parvovirus and coronavírus. Eighteen dogs up to eight months-old were used for blood count and biochemical analyses. Diagnosis of parvovirus and/for coronavírus was done using the direct immunofluorescen technique. An association of parvo and coronavírus occurred in 39% of the cases. The hemato-biochemical parameters reflected anemia and immunodeficiency, because of the predilection of the viruses in attacking the bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. The blood count showed reduced values for total erythrocyte count (94,5% of total cases), PCV and hemoglobin (72% of total cases), and leucopenia was observed in 72% of the dogs. Low plasma levels of total proteins and globulins (89% of total cases) and albumin (61%) were attributed to protein loss in the intestine. Hipoalbuminemia was not as pronounced, which may indicate a compensatory response of the organism to keep normal blood osmolarity. Animals showed hypocalcemia (50% of total cases) concomitant to hypoalbuminemia. It was observed hypercholesterolemia in 72% of the dogs, reflecting a lipomobilization as a consequence of anorexia