Performance, Carcass Traits, Biochemical and Hematological Profile, Ileal Microbiota and Nutrient Metabolizability in Broilers Fed Diets Containing Cell Wall of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Piperine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSc) and piperine in broiler rations and their effects on performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, ileal microbiota and nutrient digestibility. A randomized block design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds was used, totaling 300 chickens. The treatments consisted of: control ration (CR); CR + avilamycin (10 mg / kg); CR + CWSc (2.0 g / kg); CR + piperine (60 mg / kg); and CR + CWSc (2.0 g / kg) + piperine (60 mg / kg). The use of isolated piperine resulted in greater weight gain from 9 to 40 days of age (2505g). The additives CWSc and piperine conjugates influenced the lower coliform count in the ceca (4.45 CFU / g) and caused significant alterations in the biochemical serum and hepatic renal profile. The treatments had no effect on the nutrient metabolizable coefficients or on the carcass traits. There was no positive synergistic effect of the combined use of CWSc and piperine on broiler performance. The cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and piperine are effective at guaranteeing productivity, intestinal microbiota dynamics and hematological parameters; and as zootechnical additives, especially in broiler feeds free of antimicrobial performance enhancers.(AU)

Performance, Carcass Traits, Biochemical and Hematological Profile, Ileal Microbiota and Nutrient Metabolizability in Broilers Fed Diets Containing Cell Wall of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Piperine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSc) and piperine in broiler rations and their effects on performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, ileal microbiota and nutrient digestibility. A randomized block design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds was used, totaling 300 chickens. The treatments consisted of: control ration (CR); CR + avilamycin (10 mg / kg); CR + CWSc (2.0 g / kg); CR + piperine (60 mg / kg); and CR + CWSc (2.0 g / kg) + piperine (60 mg / kg). The use of isolated piperine resulted in greater weight gain from 9 to 40 days of age (2505g). The additives CWSc and piperine conjugates influenced the lower coliform count in the ceca (4.45 CFU / g) and caused significant alterations in the biochemical serum and hepatic renal profile. The treatments had no effect on the nutrient metabolizable coefficients or on the carcass traits. There was no positive synergistic effect of the combined use of CWSc and piperine on broiler performance. The cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and piperine are effective at guaranteeing productivity, intestinal microbiota dynamics and hematological parameters; and as zootechnical additives, especially in broiler feeds free of antimicrobial performance enhancers.

Metabolizable energy for broilers with different genetic growth potentials under a free-range system / Energia metabolizável para frangos de corte com diferentes potenciais genéticos para crescimento criados em sistema de livre acesso ao piquete

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM) nos parâmetros de desempenho e características de carcaça em frangos de corte de crescimento lento (experimento 1) e crescimento rápido (experimento 2) criados em sistemas de livre acesso ao piquete. Os frangos de corte tinham de 35 a 70 dias de idade no experimento 1 e 28 a 49 dias de idade no experimento 2. Um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado foi usado em ambos os experimentos, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais com 15 frangos de corte cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em rações com níveis crescentes de energia metabolizável obtido pela adição de óleo de soja na dieta basal em substituição ao ingrediente inerte areia. Os níveis de energia metabolizável estudados no experimento 1 foram 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 e 3100 kcal/kg e, no experimento 2, foram 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 e 3200 kcal/kg. No experimento 1, houve uma redução linear (P<0,05) no consumo com o aumento do nível de energia metabolizável e observou-se um efeito quadrático (P<0,05) na conversão alimentar, que foi estimada em 3046 kcal /kg que resultou na melhor conversão alimentar de 2.648. No experimento 2, os níveis de energia metabolizável exerceram um efeito quadrático (P<0,05) no consumo de ração e no consumo de energia metabolizável, com um consumo máximo de ração (3361,27 g) estimado em 2842 kcal EM/kg, e a ingestão máxima de energia foi estimada em 10020 kcal. A conversão alimentar diminuiu linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento dos níveis estudados. Para melhor conversão alimentar de frangos de corte criados em um sistema de livre acesso ao piquete, os níveis de energia recomendados são os seguintes: 3046 kcal/kg para frangos de crescimento lento de 35 a 70 dias de idade, e 3200 kcal/kg para frangos de corte de crescimento rápido de 28 a 49 dias de idade.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) on performance parameters and carcass characteristics in slow-growing (experiment 1) and fast-growing (experiment 2) broilers in a free-range system. Were evaluated broilers from 35 to 70 days old in experiment 1 and 28 to 49 days old in experiment 2. A completely randomized experimental design was employed in both experiments, with five treatments and four replicates totaling 20 experimental units containing 15 broilers each. The treatments consisted of rations that had increasing metabolizable energy levels obtained by the substitution of soybean oil in the basal diet for the inert sand ingredient. The metabolizable energy levels studied in experiment 1 were 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 and 3100 kcal/kg, and in experiment 2, they were 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 kcal/kg. In experiment 1, there was a linear (P<0,05) reduction in consumption with the increase in the metabolizable energy level, and a quadratic effect (P<0,05) on the feed conversion was observed, which was estimated as 3046 kcal/kg the level that resulted in a better feed conversion of 2.648. In experiment 2, the metabolizable energy level exerted a significant quadratic effect (P<0,05) on the feed intake and metabolizable energy consumption, with a maximum feed intake (3361.27 g) estimated for 2842 kcal/kg, and the maximum energy intake was estimated at 10020 kcal. The feed conversion decreased linearly (P<0,05) with there was an increase in the studied levels. For broilers reared in a free-range system, for better feed conversion, the recommended metabolizable energy levels are as follows: for slow-growing broilers from 35 to 70 days of age, 3046 kcal/kg, and 3200 kcal/kg is recommended for fast-growing broilers from 28 to 49 days of age.

Metabolizable energy for broilers with different genetic growth potentials under a free-range system / Energia metabolizável para frangos de corte com diferentes potenciais genéticos para crescimento criados em sistema de livre acesso ao piquete

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM) nos parâmetros de desempenho e características de carcaça em frangos de corte de crescimento lento (experimento 1) e crescimento rápido (experimento 2) criados em sistemas de livre acesso ao piquete. Os frangos de corte tinham de 35 a 70 dias de idade no experimento 1 e 28 a 49 dias de idade no experimento 2. Um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado foi usado em ambos os experimentos, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais com 15 frangos de corte cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em rações com níveis crescentes de energia metabolizável obtido pela adição de óleo de soja na dieta basal em substituição ao ingrediente inerte areia. Os níveis de energia metabolizável estudados no experimento 1 foram 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 e 3100 kcal/kg e, no experimento 2, foram 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 e 3200 kcal/kg. No experimento 1, houve uma redução linear (P<0,05) no consumo com o aumento do nível de energia metabolizável e observou-se um efeito quadrático (P<0,05) na conversão alimentar, que foi estimada em 3046 kcal /kg que resultou na melhor conversão alimentar de 2.648. No experimento 2, os níveis de energia metabolizável exerceram um efeito quadrático (P<0,05) no consumo de ração e no consumo de energia metabolizável, com um consumo máximo de ração (3361,27 g) estimado em 2842 kcal EM/kg, e a ingestão máxima de energia foi estimada em 10020 kcal. A conversão alimentar diminuiu linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento dos níveis estudados. Para melhor conversão alimentar de frangos de corte criados em um sistema de livre acesso ao piquete, os níveis de energia recomendados são os seguintes: 3046 kcal/kg para frangos de crescimento lento de 35 a 70 dias de idade, e 3200 kcal/kg para frangos de corte de crescimento rápido de 28 a 49 dias de idade.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) on performance parameters and carcass characteristics in slow-growing (experiment 1) and fast-growing (experiment 2) broilers in a free-range system. Were evaluated broilers from 35 to 70 days old in experiment 1 and 28 to 49 days old in experiment 2. A completely randomized experimental design was employed in both experiments, with five treatments and four replicates totaling 20 experimental units containing 15 broilers each. The treatments consisted of rations that had increasing metabolizable energy levels obtained by the substitution of soybean oil in the basal diet for the inert sand ingredient. The metabolizable energy levels studied in experiment 1 were 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000 and 3100 kcal/kg, and in experiment 2, they were 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 kcal/kg. In experiment 1, there was a linear (P<0,05) reduction in consumption with the increase in the metabolizable energy level, and a quadratic effect (P<0,05) on the feed conversion was observed, which was estimated as 3046 kcal/kg the level that resulted in a better feed conversion of 2.648. In experiment 2, the metabolizable energy level exerted a significant quadratic effect (P<0,05) on the feed intake and metabolizable energy consumption, with a maximum feed intake (3361.27 g) estimated for 2842 kcal/kg, and the maximum energy intake was estimated at 10020 kcal. The feed conversion decreased linearly (P<0,05) with there was an increase in the studied levels. For broilers reared in a free-range system, for better feed conversion, the recommended metabolizable energy levels are as follows: for slow-growing broilers from 35 to 70 days of age, 3046 kcal/kg, and 3200 kcal/kg is recommended for fast-growing broilers from 28 to 49 days of age.(AU)

Digestible Lysine Requirements the Performance, Carcass Traits and Breast Meat Quality of Slow-Growing Broilers

Three experiments were conducted to estimate the digestible lysine requirements of slow-growing broilers on their performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality. Different broilers were evaluated in each experiment. In Experiment 1, broilers were evaluated from 29-49 days of age (grower phase I), in Experiment 2, from 50 to 69 days old (grower phase II), and in Experiment 3, from 70-84 days old (finisher phase). A completely randomized design with five treatments of four replicates each was applied in all experiments. The following dietary digestible lysine values were investigated: 0.871, 1.011, 1.151, 1.291 and 1.431% in Experiment 1; 0.803, 0.943, 1.083, 1.223 and 1.363% in Experiment 2; and 0.766, 0.906, 1.046, 1.186 and 1.326% in Experiment 3. In all three experiments, digestible lysine values quadratically affected feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Lysine intake linearly increased with increasing digestive lysine values, whereas lysine utilization efficiency linearly decreased. Lysine requirements for maximum feed intake (1.298, 1.109, 1.150%), weight gain (1.183, 1.199, 1.162%), and feed conversion ratio (1.203, 1.162, 1.126%) were estimated in Experiments 1, 2 and 3. Digestible lysine requirement for carcass yield were estimated as 1.162, 1.068 and 1.107% in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Lysine influenced the physical-chemical parameters broiler breast meat. Digestible lysine levels of 1.203, 1.162 and 1.126% are recommended in the diets of Redbro Plume broilers during the phases 29-49, 50-69 and 70-84 days of age to optimize feed conversion ratio.(AU)

Digestible Lysine Requirements the Performance, Carcass Traits and Breast Meat Quality of Slow-Growing Broilers

Three experiments were conducted to estimate the digestible lysine requirements of slow-growing broilers on their performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality. Different broilers were evaluated in each experiment. In Experiment 1, broilers were evaluated from 29-49 days of age (grower phase I), in Experiment 2, from 50 to 69 days old (grower phase II), and in Experiment 3, from 70-84 days old (finisher phase). A completely randomized design with five treatments of four replicates each was applied in all experiments. The following dietary digestible lysine values were investigated: 0.871, 1.011, 1.151, 1.291 and 1.431% in Experiment 1; 0.803, 0.943, 1.083, 1.223 and 1.363% in Experiment 2; and 0.766, 0.906, 1.046, 1.186 and 1.326% in Experiment 3. In all three experiments, digestible lysine values quadratically affected feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Lysine intake linearly increased with increasing digestive lysine values, whereas lysine utilization efficiency linearly decreased. Lysine requirements for maximum feed intake (1.298, 1.109, 1.150%), weight gain (1.183, 1.199, 1.162%), and feed conversion ratio (1.203, 1.162, 1.126%) were estimated in Experiments 1, 2 and 3. Digestible lysine requirement for carcass yield were estimated as 1.162, 1.068 and 1.107% in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Lysine influenced the physical-chemical parameters broiler breast meat. Digestible lysine levels of 1.203, 1.162 and 1.126% are recommended in the diets of Redbro Plume broilers during the phases 29-49, 50-69 and 70-84 days of age to optimize feed conversion ratio.

Valores energéticos de rações expandidas em diferentes temperaturas para frangos de corte / Energy values of expander feed in different temperatures for broilers

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os valores energéticos de rações expandidas, obtidas em diferentes temperaturas de expansão para frangos de corte em diferentes idades. As rações foram expandidas nas temperaturas: 80; 100; 120; 140ºC. Dois ensaios biológicos foram conduzidos utilizando-se o método tradicional de coleta total de excretas para determinar a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn). Os ensaios metabólicos foram conduzidos com pintos machos Cobb, de 11 a 19 dias (fase inicial) e de 27 a 35 dias de idade (fase de crescimento), utilizando-se as mesmas aves do primeiro ensaio e, assim, preservando os tratamentos a que foram submetidas. Os valores da EMAn das rações da fase inicial foram: 2937; 2900; 2806 e 2751kcal/kg, e da fase de crescimento: 3045; 3031; 3115 e 2977kcal/kg, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram uma redução linear dos níveis de EMn com o aumento da temperatura de expansão na idade de 11 a 19 dias. As perdas relativas entre as rações expandidas a 80 e 100ºC foram mínimas, enquanto nas temperaturas de 120 e 140ºC foram significativamente superiores. No ensaio de metabolismo para a fase de crescimento, verificou-se que as perdas relativas entre as rações expandidas a 80 e 100ºC foram pequenas (-14kcal). Para a ração expandida a 120ºC, o valor energético foi superior (84 kcal), enquanto para 140ºC foi significativamente inferior (-138kcal). Esses resultados mostram que, na fase de crescimento, os frangos de corte maximizaram o aproveitamento energético das rações na temperatura de expansão de 120ºC e que, em temperaturas acima desse nível, ocorrem altas perdas da EMAn das rações, que podem comprometer o consumo, a deposição de proteína e a conversão alimentar e, consequentemente, trazer grandes prejuízos econômicos pelo menos à idade de abate. As temperaturas de expansão de rações entre 80 e 100ºC apresentaram os melhores valores de EMAn para frangos com idade entre 15 e 10 dias, enquanto para idade de 31 a 35 dias foi de 120ºC.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the energetic value of feed in different expansion temperatures for broilers of different ages. The feedexpanded in the following temperatures: 80; 100, 120 and 140ºC. Two biological assays were run to establish apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEN) using the traditional total excreta collection method. In the first assay Cobb chicks were used from 11 to 19 days of age (initial period), and 29 to 37 days of age (growth period), as well as the same treatments of the first assay. The AMEN values for the initial period were respectively: 2937, 2900, 2806 and 2751 kcal/kg; and broilers in growing period were respectively: 3045, 3031, 3115 and 2977 kcal/kg. The results showed a linear decrease of the levels EMAN with an increase of the temperature of expansion from 11 to 19 days old. The loss relation between feed expanded at 80 and 100ºC were minimal, while in temperatures between 120 and 140ºC they were significantly higher. In the metabolic assay for period growth, we observed that the relation of energy values between feed expanded at 80 and 100ºC were smaller (14 kcal), while for the expanded in 120ºC they were superior (84 kcal), and at 140ºC were inferior (138 kcal). These results suggest greater energy utilization efficiency in period growth at a temperature of 120 ºC, while in temperatures above of this level there was greater loss of EMAN in feeds, which can prejudice feed intake, protein deposition and feed conversion, and consequently damage economics by increasing slaughter age. The expansion temperatures in feed between 80 and 100ºC showed the best EMAN values for broilers with 15 - 19 days of age, while for 31 - 35 days old it was 120 ºC.(AU)

Valores energéticos de rações expandidas em diferentes temperaturas para frangos de corte / Energy values of expander feed in different temperatures for broilers

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os valores energéticos de rações expandidas, obtidas em diferentes temperaturas de expansão para frangos de corte em diferentes idades. As rações foram expandidas nas temperaturas: 80; 100; 120; 140ºC. Dois ensaios biológicos foram conduzidos utilizando-se o método tradicional de coleta total de excretas para determinar a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn). Os ensaios metabólicos foram conduzidos com pintos machos Cobb, de 11 a 19 dias (fase inicial) e de 27 a 35 dias de idade (fase de crescimento), utilizando-se as mesmas aves do primeiro ensaio e, assim, preservando os tratamentos a que foram submetidas. Os valores da EMAn das rações da fase inicial foram: 2937; 2900; 2806 e 2751kcal/kg, e da fase de crescimento: 3045; 3031; 3115 e 2977kcal/kg, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram uma redução linear dos níveis de EMn com o aumento da temperatura de expansão na idade de 11 a 19 dias. As perdas relativas entre as rações expandidas a 80 e 100ºC foram mínimas, enquanto nas temperaturas de 120 e 140ºC foram significativamente superiores. No ensaio de metabolismo para a fase de crescimento, verificou-se que as perdas relativas entre as rações expandidas a 80 e 100ºC foram pequenas (-14kcal). Para a ração expandida a 120ºC, o valor energético foi superior (84 kcal), enquanto para 140ºC foi significativamente inferior (-138kcal). Esses resultados mostram que, na fase de crescimento, os frangos de corte maximizaram o aproveitamento energético das rações na temperatura de expansão de 120ºC e que, em temperaturas acima desse nível, ocorrem altas perdas da EMAn das rações, que podem comprometer o consumo, a deposição de proteína e a conversão alimentar e, consequentemente, trazer grandes prejuízos econômicos pelo menos à idade de abate. As temperaturas de expansão de rações entre 80 e 100ºC apresentaram os melhores valores de EMAn para frangos com idade entre 15 e 10 dias, enquanto para idade de 31 a 35 dias foi de 120ºC.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the energetic value of feed in different expansion temperatures for broilers of different ages. The feedexpanded in the following temperatures: 80; 100, 120 and 140ºC. Two biological assays were run to establish apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEN) using the traditional total excreta collection method. In the first assay Cobb chicks were used from 11 to 19 days of age (initial period), and 29 to 37 days of age (growth period), as well as the same treatments of the first assay. The AMEN values for the initial period were respectively: 2937, 2900, 2806 and 2751 kcal/kg; and broilers in growing period were respectively: 3045, 3031, 3115 and 2977 kcal/kg. The results showed a linear decrease of the levels EMAN with an increase of the temperature of expansion from 11 to 19 days old. The loss relation between feed expanded at 80 and 100ºC were minimal, while in temperatures between 120 and 140ºC they were significantly higher. In the metabolic assay for period growth, we observed that the relation of energy values between feed expanded at 80 and 100ºC were smaller (14 kcal), while for the expanded in 120ºC they were superior (84 kcal), and at 140ºC were inferior (138 kcal). These results suggest greater energy utilization efficiency in period growth at a temperature of 120 ºC, while in temperatures above of this level there was greater loss of EMAN in feeds, which can prejudice feed intake, protein deposition and feed conversion, and consequently damage economics by increasing slaughter age. The expansion temperatures in feed between 80 and 100ºC showed the best EMAN values for broilers with 15 - 19 days of age, while for 31 - 35 days old it was 120 ºC.(AU)