Optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase

This study was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine (SID Arg:Lys) ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase. A total of two hundred forty-five 35-week-old Japanese quails (181 ± 1.30 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with seven replicates of seven quails. Graded levels of L-Arginine were added to a basal diet in order to produce five SID Arg:Lys ratios (101, 106, 111, 116 and 121%). Collected data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimal ratio was estimated using polynomial regression model (linear and quadratic) based on performance traits. Statistical differences were considered for p<0.05. Graded SID Arg:Lys ratios did not affect performance traits assessed. Based on results, the SID Arg:Lys ratio of 101% is sufficient to warrant proper performance of Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase.(AU)

Optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase

This study was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine (SID Arg:Lys) ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase. A total of two hundred forty-five 35-week-old Japanese quails (181 ± 1.30 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with seven replicates of seven quails. Graded levels of L-Arginine were added to a basal diet in order to produce five SID Arg:Lys ratios (101, 106, 111, 116 and 121%). Collected data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimal ratio was estimated using polynomial regression model (linear and quadratic) based on performance traits. Statistical differences were considered for p<0.05. Graded SID Arg:Lys ratios did not affect performance traits assessed. Based on results, the SID Arg:Lys ratio of 101% is sufficient to warrant proper performance of Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase.

Metabolizable energy levels for meat-type quails at starter phase

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) levels on meat-type quail performance and carcass traits from 1 to 14d of age. A total of 1120 not sexed meat-type quails were randomly distributed to seven treatments, with eight replicates with 20 quails each. A basal corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated to meet or exceed quail nutritional requirements, except for ME. Graded levels of soybean oil were added to the basal diet in replacement, to sand, to obtain dietary treatments (2,600; 2,700; 2,800; 2,900; 3,000; 3,100 and 3,200 KcalAMEn/kg diet). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum AMEn levels were estimated using polynomial regression model. Increasing in dietary AMEn levels elicited a linear decrease (p<0.01) in feed intake and nutrient intake (AMEn, protein and lysine). Quail weight gain and final body weight exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.03) to increased AMEn levels, being both optimized at 2820 KcalAMEn/kg diet. Graded AMEn levels elicited a linear increase (p<0.01) in carcass dry matter and fat content, whereas moisture content was linearly decreased (p<0.01). The protein content of the carcasses was not influenced (p>0.05) by AMEn. Based on the results, the dietary AMEn level that warrants adequate performance and carcass traits of meat-type quails from 1 to 14d of age is 2,820 Kcal/kg diet.(AU)

Metabolizable energy levels for meat-type quails at starter phase

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) levels on meat-type quail performance and carcass traits from 1 to 14d of age. A total of 1120 not sexed meat-type quails were randomly distributed to seven treatments, with eight replicates with 20 quails each. A basal corn and soybean meal-based diet was formulated to meet or exceed quail nutritional requirements, except for ME. Graded levels of soybean oil were added to the basal diet in replacement, to sand, to obtain dietary treatments (2,600; 2,700; 2,800; 2,900; 3,000; 3,100 and 3,200 KcalAMEn/kg diet). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum AMEn levels were estimated using polynomial regression model. Increasing in dietary AMEn levels elicited a linear decrease (p0.05) by AMEn. Based on the results, the dietary AMEn level that warrants adequate performance and carcass traits of meat-type quails from 1 to 14d of age is 2,820 Kcal/kg diet.

Optimum Digestible Valine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails from 15 to 35 Days of Age

This study was conducted to estimate the dig. valine to lysine (Val:Lys) ideal ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. A total of 385, 15-day-old not sexed quails, were randomly assigned to five treatments, each one seven times replicated with eleven quails per experimental unit. Experimental treatments consisted of five dig. Val:Lys ratios (0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Ideal dig. Val:Lys ratio was estimated using polynomial regression and linear broken-line regression model. Significant effect was considered when p0.05. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by dig. Val:Lys ratios in any of the assessed phases. From 15 to 21 d of age Val:Lys ratios increased linearly feed intake, weight gain and body weight. From 15 to 28 d of age, weight gain and body weight were both optimized by the Val:Lys ratio of 0.77. A linear effect of dig. Val:Lys ratios was observed on weight gain and final body weight from 15 to 35 d of age. From 15 to 35 d of age, according to linear broken-line regression model, the dig. Val:Lys ideal ratios for optimum final body weight and weight gain were 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. Based on the results the estimated dig. Val:Lys ratio for optimum meat-type quail performance from 15 to 35 d of age is 0.77(AU)

Optimum Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Isoleucine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails in the Growing-Finishing Phase

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine (SID Ile:Lys) ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. Three hundred fifty not-sexed meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were randomly assigned into five treatments, with seven replicates of 10 quails each. An isoleucine-deficient corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated and graded supplemented with L-isoleucine (99%) to obtain diets containing SID Ile:Lys ratios of 55,61, 67, 73, and 79%. Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum SID Ile:Lys was estimated by polynomial (linear and quadratic) regression. Statistical differences were considered when p 0.05. Quail performance from 15 and 21 d and 15 and 28 d of age was not affected by the treatments. From 15 to 35 d of age, body weight gain and body weight exhibited a quadratic response to increasing dietary SID Ile:Lys ratios, and were optimized at 66 and 67% SID Ile:Lys, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was not influenced by SID Ile:Lys ratios in any of the phases assessed herein. Based on the results, the optimum SID Ile:Lys ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age is 67%.(AU)

Optimum Digestible Valine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails from 15 to 35 Days of Age

This study was conducted to estimate the dig. valine to lysine (Val:Lys) ideal ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. A total of 385, 15-day-old not sexed quails, were randomly assigned to five treatments, each one seven times replicated with eleven quails per experimental unit. Experimental treatments consisted of five dig. Val:Lys ratios (0.65; 0.70; 0.75; 0.80 and 0.85). Ideal dig. Val:Lys ratio was estimated using polynomial regression and linear broken-line regression model. Significant effect was considered when p0.05. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by dig. Val:Lys ratios in any of the assessed phases. From 15 to 21 d of age Val:Lys ratios increased linearly feed intake, weight gain and body weight. From 15 to 28 d of age, weight gain and body weight were both optimized by the Val:Lys ratio of 0.77. A linear effect of dig. Val:Lys ratios was observed on weight gain and final body weight from 15 to 35 d of age. From 15 to 35 d of age, according to linear broken-line regression model, the dig. Val:Lys ideal ratios for optimum final body weight and weight gain were 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. Based on the results the estimated dig. Val:Lys ratio for optimum meat-type quail performance from 15 to 35 d of age is 0.77

Optimum Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Isoleucine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails in the Growing-Finishing Phase

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine (SID Ile:Lys) ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age. Three hundred fifty not-sexed meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were randomly assigned into five treatments, with seven replicates of 10 quails each. An isoleucine-deficient corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated and graded supplemented with L-isoleucine (99%) to obtain diets containing SID Ile:Lys ratios of 55,61, 67, 73, and 79%. Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimum SID Ile:Lys was estimated by polynomial (linear and quadratic) regression. Statistical differences were considered when p 0.05. Quail performance from 15 and 21 d and 15 and 28 d of age was not affected by the treatments. From 15 to 35 d of age, body weight gain and body weight exhibited a quadratic response to increasing dietary SID Ile:Lys ratios, and were optimized at 66 and 67% SID Ile:Lys, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was not influenced by SID Ile:Lys ratios in any of the phases assessed herein. Based on the results, the optimum SID Ile:Lys ratio for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 d of age is 67%.

Enzyme complex added to broiler diets: effects on performance, metabolizable energy content, and nitrogen and phosphorus balance

Two trials were performed to evaluate the effects of an enzyme complex (EC) on broiler performance, metabolizable energy, and phosphorus and nitrogen balance. In the first trial, 960 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly distributed in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional levels and the inclusion or not of EC), totaling six treatments with eight replicates of 20 birds per pen, and reared until 42 days of age. The control diet was formulated to meet the broilers' nutritional requirements. The other diets contained reduced available phosphorus (P), metabolizable energy, and amino acid levels, considering 100% and 150% of the EC nutritional matrix. The inclusion of the EC (200 g/ton) resulted in better broiler performance, improving weight gain in 4% and feed conversion ratio in 3% (p < 0.05). In the second trial, 240 male broilers were randomly distributed into the same treatments with eight replicates of five birds per cage. The method of total excreta collection was used. There was an interaction (p < 0.05) between diets and EC for P intake, nitrogen (N) intake, and N retention. The EC supplementation improved nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy values in 2.02% (p < 0.05). Significant effects were observed on phosphorus and nitrogen balance (p < 0.05). Phosphorus retention improved in 10.26%, nitrogen retention increased in 5.3%, while nitrogen excretion decreased in 3.3%. Based on the results of the present study, we recommend the addition of 200 g/t of the enzyme complex to broiler diets, considering nutrient reduction based on 100% of the EC nutritional matrix.

Enzyme complex added to broiler diets: effects on performance, metabolizable energy content, and nitrogen and phosphorus balance

Two trials were performed to evaluate the effects of an enzyme complex (EC) on broiler performance, metabolizable energy, and phosphorus and nitrogen balance. In the first trial, 960 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly distributed in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional levels and the inclusion or not of EC), totaling six treatments with eight replicates of 20 birds per pen, and reared until 42 days of age. The control diet was formulated to meet the broilers' nutritional requirements. The other diets contained reduced available phosphorus (P), metabolizable energy, and amino acid levels, considering 100% and 150% of the EC nutritional matrix. The inclusion of the EC (200 g/ton) resulted in better broiler performance, improving weight gain in 4% and feed conversion ratio in 3% (p < 0.05). In the second trial, 240 male broilers were randomly distributed into the same treatments with eight replicates of five birds per cage. The method of total excreta collection was used. There was an interaction (p < 0.05) between diets and EC for P intake, nitrogen (N) intake, and N retention. The EC supplementation improved nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy values in 2.02% (p < 0.05). Significant effects were observed on phosphorus and nitrogen balance (p < 0.05). Phosphorus retention improved in 10.26%, nitrogen retention increased in 5.3%, while nitrogen excretion decreased in 3.3%. Based on the results of the present study, we recommend the addition of 200 g/t of the enzyme complex to broiler diets, considering nutrient reduction based on 100% of the EC nutritional matrix.(AU)

Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers

This study aimed at evaluating four dietary L-Glutamine (L-Gln) or L-Gln plus L-Glutamate (L-Glu) supplementation programs on the performance, breast yield, and uniformity of broilers. A total of 2,112 one-d-old male Cobb 500(r) broilers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu × 4 supplementation programs), totaling eight treatments with 12 replicates of 22 broilers each. The supplementation programs consisted of the dietary inclusion or not of 0.4% of L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for four different periods: 0 days (negative control), 9d, 21d, and 42d. Feed intake (FI, g), body weight gain (BWG, g), feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg/kg), coefficient of variation of body weight (CV, %), body weight uniformity (UNIF, %), breast weight (BW, g), breast yield (BY, %), coefficient of variation of breast weight (CVB), breast uniformity (UNIFB), coefficient of variation of breast yield (CVBY), and breast yield uniformity (UNIFBY) were evaluated. Birds fed the diets treatments supplemented with L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for 9d presented 3% higher BWG (p<0.05) compared with the controls. The L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu supplementation until broilers were 21 days old resulted in 14, 10, 16, and 12% improvements (p<0.05) in CV, UNIF, CVBY, UNIFBY, respectively. The supplementation of 0.4% L-Gln (L-Gln 99%) or L-Gln plus L-Glu (minimum 95%) to pre-starter and starter broiler diets is recommended to improve body weight gain and uniformity.

Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers

This study aimed at evaluating four dietary L-Glutamine (L-Gln) or L-Gln plus L-Glutamate (L-Glu) supplementation programs on the performance, breast yield, and uniformity of broilers. A total of 2,112 one-d-old male Cobb 500(r) broilers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu × 4 supplementation programs), totaling eight treatments with 12 replicates of 22 broilers each. The supplementation programs consisted of the dietary inclusion or not of 0.4% of L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for four different periods: 0 days (negative control), 9d, 21d, and 42d. Feed intake (FI, g), body weight gain (BWG, g), feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg/kg), coefficient of variation of body weight (CV, %), body weight uniformity (UNIF, %), breast weight (BW, g), breast yield (BY, %), coefficient of variation of breast weight (CVB), breast uniformity (UNIFB), coefficient of variation of breast yield (CVBY), and breast yield uniformity (UNIFBY) were evaluated. Birds fed the diets treatments supplemented with L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for 9d presented 3% higher BWG (p<0.05) compared with the controls. The L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu supplementation until broilers were 21 days old resulted in 14, 10, 16, and 12% improvements (p<0.05) in CV, UNIF, CVBY, UNIFBY, respectively. The supplementation of 0.4% L-Gln (L-Gln 99%) or L-Gln plus L-Glu (minimum 95%) to pre-starter and starter broiler diets is recommended to improve body weight gain and uniformity.(AU)

Digestibilidade do cálcio de ingredientes para suínos, avaliada por meio de dois métodos / Calcium digestibility from feedstuffs for pigs evaluated using two methods

Determinaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente e verdadeira do cálcio (Ca) de ingredientes para suínos por meio de dois métodos. Foram utilizados 60 suínos machos castrados, alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 10 (métodos x tratamentos) e seis repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos consistiram em oito alimentos, uma ração basal (0,072% de Ca total) e uma ração com baixo teor de Ca (0,018%). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente e verdadeira do Ca foram avaliados utilizando-se simultaneamente dois métodos: coleta total de fezes e coleta de fezes com indicador fecal (cinza ácida insolúvel - CAI). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira do Ca, obtidos pelo método de coleta total e pelo método de indicador fecal, foram, respectivamente: calcário calcítico 1, 84,80 e 87,33%; calcário calcítico 2, 84,19 e 86,32%; fosfato bicálcico, 79,36 e 84,55%; fosfato monobicálcico, 83,83 e 85,81%; calcário dolomítico, 85,65 e 87,39%; farinha de carne e ossos (40% PB), 70,00 e 68,64%; farinha de carne e ossos (50% PB), 66,92 e 68,03%; farinha de vísceras, 73,40 e 73,95%, lactato de Ca, 95,10 e 97,33%. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os métodos avaliados coleta total (80,14%) e indicador fecal (82,15%).(AU)

The coefficients of apparent and true digestibility of calcium (Ca) of eight feedstuffs for pigs were determined. A total of 60 barrows were housed in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 2 X 10 (treatments X methods) and 6 replicates per treatment. Treatments consisted of eight feedstuffs, a basal diet (0.072% Ca) and a diet with low Ca content (0.018%). The coefficients of apparent and true digestibility of Ca were determined using two methods simultaneously: total fecal collection and fecal marker (Acid Insoluble Ash - AIA). The true digestibility coefficients of Ca, obtained by the total fecal collection and the fecal marker methods were respectively: Limestone 1, 84.80 and 87.33%; Limestone 2, 84.19% and 86.32; Dicalcium Phosphate, 79.36 and 84.55%; Monodicalcium Phosphate, 83.83 and 85.81%, Dolomitic Limestone, 87.39% and 85.65; Meat and Bone Meal (40% CP), 70.00 and 68,64%; Meat and Bone Meal (50% CP), 66.92% and 68.03; Poultry by Product Meal, 73.40 and 73.95%, Calcium Lactate, 95.10 and 97.33%. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the total fecal collection (80.14%) and fecal marker (82.15%) with the methods evaluated.(AU)

Sunflower meal and enzyme supplementation of the diet of 21- to 42-d-old broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male broilers between 21 and 42 days of age fed diets supplemented with an enzyme blend (EB) and containing graded levels of sunflower meal (SFM). In total, 1920 male Cobb broilers were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement (four SFM dietary levels vs. three feed formulations) with eight replicates of 20 birds each. Dietary SFM inclusion levels were 0, 8, 16, and 24%. Feed formulation included one negative control diet (NC) formulated to supply broiler nutritional requirements, considering EB nutritional matrix values; a diet formulated as the first one, but with the addition of 0.5% EB (NC+EB); and the third diet (positive control - PC) was calculated to supply broiler requirements. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass parameters were evaluated. There was no effect of EB dietary supplementation on the evaluated performance or carcass parameters (p > 0.05). Increasing dietary addition of SFM reduced weight gain and worsened feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05). The best EEI was obtained with the NC+EB diet containing 8.0% SFM.

Sunflower meal and enzyme supplementation of the diet of 21- to 42-d-old broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male broilers between 21 and 42 days of age fed diets supplemented with an enzyme blend (EB) and containing graded levels of sunflower meal (SFM). In total, 1920 male Cobb broilers were distributed according to a randomized block experimental design in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement (four SFM dietary levels vs. three feed formulations) with eight replicates of 20 birds each. Dietary SFM inclusion levels were 0, 8, 16, and 24%. Feed formulation included one negative control diet (NC) formulated to supply broiler nutritional requirements, considering EB nutritional matrix values; a diet formulated as the first one, but with the addition of 0.5% EB (NC+EB); and the third diet (positive control - PC) was calculated to supply broiler requirements. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass parameters were evaluated. There was no effect of EB dietary supplementation on the evaluated performance or carcass parameters (p > 0.05). Increasing dietary addition of SFM reduced weight gain and worsened feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05). The best EEI was obtained with the NC+EB diet containing 8.0% SFM.(AU)

Plasma suíno e ovo inteiro em rações de leitões desmamados sobre a estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal / Influence of swine plasma and whole egg in rations of weaned piglets on structure and ultra-structure of intestinal mucous development

Avaliou-se a inclusão de leite em pó, níveis crescentes de plasma suíno, níveis crescentes de ovo inteiro e alto nível de farelo de soja em dietas de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade sobre o desenvolvimento da estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal. O plasma e o ovo substituíram, respectivamente, 25, 50 e 75 e 15, 30 e 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó. Aos 27 e 35 dias de idade os animais foram abatidos para coleta de amostras do intestino e posterior determinação da altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta, relação vilo:cripta e densidade de vilos. A utilização de ovo inteiro substituindo até 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó possibilitou a manutenção do epitélio intestinal semelhante (P<0,05) ao leite em pó. A utilização de alto nível de farelo de soja proporcionou danos na estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal, confirmando a necessidade de limitação da inclusão de farelo de soja na ração de desmama. O plasma estimula o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, independentemente do consumo de ração dos leitões, indicando o potencial uso deste ingrediente em favorecer o aumento do epitélio intestinal e das áreas de digestão e absorção de nutrientes.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of skim powdered milk, inclusion of increasing levels of swine plasma and whole egg, as well as soybean meal in diets of piglets that were weaned at 21 days old influence the development of the structure and ultra-structure of intestinal mucous. Plasma and whole egg replaced , respectively, 25, 50 and 75 and 15, 30 and 45% crude protein of skim milk. At 27 and 35 days old, the animals were slaughtered and intestine samples were collected for further measurements of villus height, crypt depth, villus:crypt ratio and villus density. The whole egg added to the ration to replace up to 45% the crude protein of skim milk, maintained the intestinal mucous of the piglets. The use of ration with high level of soybean meal damaged the structure and ultra-structure of the intestinal mucous, thus showing the necessity of limiting the inclusion of soybean meal into the weaning ration. The use of plasma stimulates the development of the intestinal mucous, independently of feed intake, showing the potential of this ingredient to promote an increase of the intestinal epithelium and the nutrient digestion and absorption areas as well.

INFLUENCE OF SWINE PLASMA AND WHOLE EGG IN RATIONS OF WEANED PIGLETS ON STRUCTURE AND ULTRA-STRUCTURE OF INTESTINAL MUCOUS DEVELOPMENT / Plasma suíno e ovo inteiro em rações de leitões desmamados sobre a estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal

Avaliou-se a inclusão de leite em pó, níveis crescentes de plasma suíno, níveis crescentes de ovo inteiro e alto nível de farelo de soja em dietas de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade sobre o desenvolvimento da estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal. O plasma e o ovo substituíram, respectivamente, 25, 50 e 75 e 15, 30 e 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó. Aos 27 e 35 dias de idade os animais foram abatidos para coleta de amostras do intestino e posterior determinação da altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta, relação vilo:cripta e densidade de vilos. A utilização de ovo inteiro substituindo até 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó possibilitou a manutenção do epitélio intestinal semelhante (P<0,05) ao leite em pó. A utilização de alto nível de farelo de soja proporcionou danos na estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal, confirmando a necessidade de limitação da inclusão de farelo de soja na ração de desmama. O plasma estimula o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, independentemente do consumo de ra&cc

Efeito da adição de agentes tróficos na dieta de leitões desmamados sobre a estrutura e ultraestrutura do intestino delgado e sobre o desempenho / The effect of the addition of trofic agents in weaned piglet diets over the structure and ultra-structure of small intestine and over performance

Foram estudados os efeitos da glutamina, dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e da parede celular de levedura (PCL) sobre a estrutura e ultraestrutura do intestino delgado e o desempenho de leitões. Foram utilizados 45 leitões, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, para testar os seguintes tratamentos: T1 - dieta basal; T2 - dieta basal + 1 por cento de glutamina; T3 - dieta basal + 0,2 por cento de PCL; T4 - dieta basal + 5 por cento de óleo de peixe. Nos dias sete e 14 pós-desmame, foram abatidos cinco leitões de cada tratamento. Os aditivos testados não alteraram a altura e a densidade dos vilos nem a profundidade das criptas do intestino delgado. Foi observado efeito de idade, mostrando redução na altura e na densidade dos vilos e na profundidade das criptas após o desmame. No duodeno e jejuno, foram observados maiores valores de relação vilo:cripta, que aumentaram com a idade pós-desmame. Ocorreram redução da altura dos microvilos do duodeno aos sete dias e aumento da largura dos microvilos do jejuno aos 14 dias pós-desmame. A área de superfície apical dos enterócitos não foi alterada pelos fatores estudados. Os aditivos estudados não foram eficientes em prevenir a atrofia da mucosa intestinal do jejuno, ao não interferir na sua ultraestrutura. Os aditivos incluídos na dieta não influenciaram o desempenho dos leitões no pós-desmame.(AU)

The effects of glutamine, poliunsatured fatty acids and cellular wall of yeast (CWY) under the structure and ultra structure of the small gut and the performance of the piglets were studied. Forty five piglets weaned at 21 days were used to test the following treatments: T1 - basal diet; T2 - basal diet + 1 percent of glutamine; T3 - basal diet + 0,2 percent of CWY; T4 - basal diet + 5 percent of fish oil. At seven and 14 post weaning days, five piglets of each treatment were slaughtered. The height, density of villus and depth of small gut crypts were not altered by the inclusion of additives. The effect of age was observed, showing a reduction in the height and density of villus and depth of crypts after weaning. In duodenum and jejunum higher values were observed in the relation villus:crypt, which increased with the post wean age. There was a decrease in the height of microvillus of the duodenum at 7 days and an increase of the width of the microvillus of jejunum at 14 days after wean. The area of the apical surface of the enterocytes was not altered by the studied factors. The studied additives were not efficient to prevent the atrophy of the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum, since they did not interfere on its ultra structure. Piglet performance was not affected by the additives included in the diet.(AU)

Plasma suíno e ovo inteiro em rações de leitões desmamados sobre a estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal / Influence of swine plasma and whole egg in rations of weaned piglets on structure and ultra-structure of intestinal mucous development

Avaliou-se a inclusão de leite em pó, níveis crescentes de plasma suíno, níveis crescentes de ovo inteiro e alto nível de farelo de soja em dietas de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade sobre o desenvolvimento da estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal. O plasma e o ovo substituíram, respectivamente, 25, 50 e 75 e 15, 30 e 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó. Aos 27 e 35 dias de idade os animais foram abatidos para coleta de amostras do intestino e posterior determinação da altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta, relação vilo:cripta e densidade de vilos. A utilização de ovo inteiro substituindo até 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó possibilitou a manutenção do epitélio intestinal semelhante (P<0,05) ao leite em pó. A utilização de alto nível de farelo de soja proporcionou danos na estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal, confirmando a necessidade de limitação da inclusão de farelo de soja na ração de desmama. O plasma estimula o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, independentemente do consumo de ração dos leitões, indicando o potencial uso deste ingrediente em favorecer o aumento do epitélio intestinal e das áreas de digestão e absorção de nutrientes.(AU)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of skim powdered milk, inclusion of increasing levels of swine plasma and whole egg, as well as soybean meal in diets of piglets that were weaned at 21 days old influence the development of the structure and ultra-structure of intestinal mucous. Plasma and whole egg replaced , respectively, 25, 50 and 75 and 15, 30 and 45% crude protein of skim milk. At 27 and 35 days old, the animals were slaughtered and intestine samples were collected for further measurements of villus height, crypt depth, villus:crypt ratio and villus density. The whole egg added to the ration to replace up to 45% the crude protein of skim milk, maintained the intestinal mucous of the piglets. The use of ration with high level of soybean meal damaged the structure and ultra-structure of the intestinal mucous, thus showing the necessity of limiting the inclusion of soybean meal into the weaning ration. The use of plasma stimulates the development of the intestinal mucous, independently of feed intake, showing the potential of this ingredient to promote an increase of the intestinal epithelium and the nutrient digestion and absorption areas as well. (AU)

INFLUENCE OF SWINE PLASMA AND WHOLE EGG IN RATIONS OF WEANED PIGLETS ON STRUCTURE AND ULTRA-STRUCTURE OF INTESTINAL MUCOUS DEVELOPMENT / Plasma suíno e ovo inteiro em rações de leitões desmamados sobre a estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal.

Avaliou-se a inclusão de leite em pó, níveis crescentes de plasma suíno, níveis crescentes de ovo inteiro e alto nível de farelo de soja em dietas de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade sobre o desenvolvimento da estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal. O plasma e o ovo substituíram, respectivamente, 25, 50 e 75 e 15, 30 e 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó. Aos 27 e 35 dias de idade os animais foram abatidos para coleta de amostras do intestino e posterior determinação da altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta, relação vilo:cripta e densidade de vilos. A utilização de ovo inteiro substituindo até 45% a proteína bruta do leite em pó possibilitou a manutenção do epitélio intestinal semelhante (P<0,05) ao leite em pó. A utilização de alto nível de farelo de soja proporcionou danos na estrutura e ultra-estrutura da mucosa intestinal, confirmando a necessidade de limitação da inclusão de farelo de soja na ração de desmama. O plasma estimula o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, independentemente do consumo de ra&cc