Laminite crônica em equino - tratamento com uso de ferradura com travessa horizontal e massa epóxi / Chronic laminitis in a horse - treatment with use of horseshoe with horizontal cross and epoxy putty

Background: Laminitis is characterized by an inflammation of the laminar structures of the hoof, which results in lamellar degradation of the suspensory apparatus of the distal phalanx. Despite being a common disease in the equine clinic, it is a medical emergency, which can lead the affected animals not return to sports activities. Due to the severity of laminitis and the poor prognosis, the objective was to report the case of a horse with chronic laminitis with sole perforation in all limbs treated with therapeutic shoeing using a type of horseshoe that has a horizontal crossbar and is filled with mass. Fast-drying epoxy, which has its use little described in the literature Case: A 4-year-old Crioula horse, weighing 325 kg, used in long noose competitions, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of UFPR with chronic laminitis. The animal had reluctance to move, walk on a trestle position, grade V lameness and phalanx rotation of all limbs. The treatment of laminitis was carried out in the field, for two months, which consisted of trimming and shoeing with a horseshoe in the shape of a heart, and due to the failure of the treatment instituted, the patient presented clinical worsening. The treatment in the HV consisted of cleaning the perforated region of the sole with hydrogen peroxide and 10% iodine and dressing with cotton boots with EVA rubber on the sole to provide comfort. Corrective trimming was performed in order to remove excess forceps, lower the heel, and align the distal phalanx with the hoof wall, using a rasp. Orthopedic shoeing was performed with a normal horseshoe with a horizontal crossbar in the central region. The sole was filled with a quick-drying epoxy putty (Poxilina®), with the aim of preventing sole movement, blocking the rotation of the phalanges and improving the concavity of the hoof. Discussion: In chronic laminitis, the signs observed are claudication and deformation of the hoof, flat sole, enlargement of the white line, uneven growth of the hoof wall, hemorrhage in the abaxial white line, cracks in the hoof wall, which are observed parallel to the coronary band, in addition to phalanx rotation; in this clinical case, all these signs were observed. The trimming of horses with laminitis consists of removing the heels and decreasing the dorsal wall of the hoof, in this case, the trimming performed improved the clinical improvement of the animal five days after the procedure. The horseshoe used in the treatment of this animal has the objective of creating a weight-bearing surface on the middle of the sole, close to the tip of the frog, in this way the weight is not on the supporting edge of the clamp and, in this way, it reduces the pressure. over the most affected area. Despite the scarcity of reports on the use of this type of horseshoe, in this case it played a fundamental role in the treatment of laminitis. In this way, it is an alternative that must be taken into account when choosing the treatment, in view of its effectiveness and lower cost when compared to other methods. This case demonstrates the severity of laminitis in all limbs, especially as it presents a perforation of the sole. It is important to highlight that trimming and shoeing performed at the recommended interval (30-45 days) contributes a lot to the success of the treatment and the return of the animal to sports practice. The horseshoe with a horizontal crossbar was effective in the treatment of chronic laminitis of the forelimbs and pelvic limbs in the reported animal, with progressive improvement of the patient who returned to normal daily activities, without the presence of signs of pain or signs of laminitis after treatment.

Salpingopharyngeus fistula by means of videosurgery to treat horse bilateral gutural pouch chronic empyema – a case study / Fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia para tratamento de empiema crônico de bolsa gutural bilateral em equino – relato de caso

The aim of this paper is to report the Salpingopharyngeus fistula technique by means of videosurgery through a natural orifice (NOTES) in order to treat bilateral empyema. A mare was seen at the Large Animal Sector of UFPR, with a history of bilateral purulent nasal discharge associated with dysphagia lasting for ninety days. The animal was submitted to endoscopy, showing a moderate amount of purulent secretion in both guttural pouches. With no improvement on the clinical treatment, we opted for surgical treatment by endoscopy through Salpingopharyngeus fistula made with the aid of a device containing an electrical scalpel developed to perform this technique. It consisted of making an incision in the pharyngeal recess in order to access the guttural pouches and subsequently drain the purulent content. The patient was discharged at the same day and returned to work 30 days after the procedure. Surgical treatment for cases of guttural pouch empyema is indicated when the clinical resolution has not been effective, and the minimally invasive technique is indicated due to the reduction of risks and the easiness of postoperative management. Until this moment, there are no reports of the salpingopharyngeal fistula technique through video surgery for the treatment of guttural pouch empyema, which has proved to be efficient for the treatment of the disease.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia através de orifício natural (NOTES) para tratamento de empiema bilateral. Uma égua foi atendida no Setor de Grandes Animais da UFPR, com histórico de secreção nasal purulenta bilateral associado a disfagia há noventa dias. O animal foi submetido à endoscopia, evidenciando moderada quantidade de secreção purulenta em ambas as bolsas guturais. Sem apresentar melhora com o tratamento clínico, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico por endoscopia através da realização de uma fístula salpingofaríngea feita com o auxílio de um dispositivo contendo eletrobisturi, desenvolvido para a realização desta técnica; que consistiu na realização de uma incisão no recesso faríngeo, para o acesso das bolsas guturais e posterior drenagem do conteúdo purulento. O paciente recebeu alta médica no mesmo dia e retornou ao trabalho 30 dias após o procedimento. O tratamento cirúrgico para os casos de empiema de bolsa gutural é indicado quando a resolução clínica não foi efetiva, sendo a técnica minimamente invasiva indicada devido à redução de riscos e à facilidade do manejo pós-operatório. Até o momento, não há relatos da técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea através de videocirurgia para o tratamento de empiema de bolsa gutural, a qual mostrou-se eficiente para o tratamento da enfermidade.

Hernioplastia com aplicação de tela por laparoscopia em equino com hérnia incisional / Hernioplasty with laparoscopy mesh application in equine with incisional hernia

Background: Incisional hernia in the midline can be a consequence of abdominal surgeries, which incidence is around5.7-18%. Surgical indication occurs in cases of large hernias, and the most common techniques used involve the closingof the musculature in a primary way, with sutures, and the implantation of a mesh on the abdominal wall. Laparoscopichernioplasty emerged as a less invasive option, showing superiority when compared with open surgical techniques in human medicine, however there are few reports describing this technique in equines. So, the aim of this paper is to report acase of hernioplasty, using laparoscopic mesh, in a horse with midline incisional hernia.Case: A 13-year-old castrated male Brasileiro de Hipismo horse, weighing 415 kg, practitioner of classic equestrian, presented an incisional hernia after 14 days from an exploratory laparotomy surgery realized to treat colic syndrome. After 6months, the patient was referred to a Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for the correction of the defect in the abdominal wall. During palpation, the animal did not present local pain or other sign of inflammation, and the hernia measuredapproximately 20 cm in diameter. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in dorsal decubitus for thehernioplasty surgical procedure. An incision was made in cranial region of the midline, close to the xiphoid to introduce asingle port; the abdomen was inflated with CO2 gas (12 mmHg) and the operating table was tilted in order to displace theorgans cranially, facilitating the laparoscopic procedure. The abdomen was inspected and the presence of a single adherence could be observed, which was disrupted with endoscopic forceps. The mesh was introduced through the single port...

Salpingopharyngeus fistula by means of videosurgery to treat horse bilateral gutural pouch chronic empyema a case study / Fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia para tratamento de empiema crônico de bolsa gutural bilateral em equino relato de caso

The aim of this paper is to report the Salpingopharyngeus fistula technique by means of videosurgery through a natural orifice (NOTES) in order to treat bilateral empyema. A mare was seen at the Large Animal Sector of UFPR, with a history of bilateral purulent nasal discharge associated with dysphagia lasting for ninety days. The animal was submitted to endoscopy, showing a moderate amount of purulent secretion in both guttural pouches. With no improvement on the clinical treatment, we opted for surgical treatment by endoscopy through Salpingopharyngeus fistula made with the aid of a device containing an electrical scalpel developed to perform this technique. It consisted of making an incision in the pharyngeal recess in order to access the guttural pouches and subsequently drain the purulent content. The patient was discharged at the same day and returned to work 30 days after the procedure. Surgical treatment for cases of guttural pouch empyema is indicated when the clinical resolution has not been effective, and the minimally invasive technique is indicated due to the reduction of risks and the easiness of postoperative management. Until this moment, there are no reports of the salpingopharyngeal fistula technique through video surgery for the treatment of guttural pouch empyema, which has proved to be efficient for the treatment of the disease.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia através de orifício natural (NOTES) para tratamento de empiema bilateral. Uma égua foi atendida no Setor de Grandes Animais da UFPR, com histórico de secreção nasal purulenta bilateral associado a disfagia há noventa dias. O animal foi submetido à endoscopia, evidenciando moderada quantidade de secreção purulenta em ambas as bolsas guturais. Sem apresentar melhora com o tratamento clínico, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico por endoscopia através da realização de uma fístula salpingofaríngea feita com o auxílio de um dispositivo contendo eletrobisturi, desenvolvido para a realização desta técnica; que consistiu na realização de uma incisão no recesso faríngeo, para o acesso das bolsas guturais e posterior drenagem do conteúdo purulento. O paciente recebeu alta médica no mesmo dia e retornou ao trabalho 30 dias após o procedimento. O tratamento cirúrgico para os casos de empiema de bolsa gutural é indicado quando a resolução clínica não foi efetiva, sendo a técnica minimamente invasiva indicada devido à redução de riscos e à facilidade do manejo pós-operatório. Até o momento, não há relatos da técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea através de videocirurgia para o tratamento de empiema de bolsa gutural, a qual mostrou-se eficiente para o tratamento da enfermidade.(AU)

Hernioplastia com aplicação de tela por laparoscopia em equino com hérnia incisional / Hernioplasty with laparoscopy mesh application in equine with incisional hernia

Background: Incisional hernia in the midline can be a consequence of abdominal surgeries, which incidence is around5.7-18%. Surgical indication occurs in cases of large hernias, and the most common techniques used involve the closingof the musculature in a primary way, with sutures, and the implantation of a mesh on the abdominal wall. Laparoscopichernioplasty emerged as a less invasive option, showing superiority when compared with open surgical techniques in human medicine, however there are few reports describing this technique in equines. So, the aim of this paper is to report acase of hernioplasty, using laparoscopic mesh, in a horse with midline incisional hernia.Case: A 13-year-old castrated male Brasileiro de Hipismo horse, weighing 415 kg, practitioner of classic equestrian, presented an incisional hernia after 14 days from an exploratory laparotomy surgery realized to treat colic syndrome. After 6months, the patient was referred to a Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for the correction of the defect in the abdominal wall. During palpation, the animal did not present local pain or other sign of inflammation, and the hernia measuredapproximately 20 cm in diameter. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in dorsal decubitus for thehernioplasty surgical procedure. An incision was made in cranial region of the midline, close to the xiphoid to introduce asingle port; the abdomen was inflated with CO2 gas (12 mmHg) and the operating table was tilted in order to displace theorgans cranially, facilitating the laparoscopic procedure. The abdomen was inspected and the presence of a single adherence could be observed, which was disrupted with endoscopic forceps. The mesh was introduced through the single port...(AU)

Colocefalectomia para o tratamento de fratura fisária da cabeça do fêmur em pônei / Colocephalectomy for the treatment of capital physeal fracture of the femoral head in pony

Background: Femoral capital physeal fractures occur in young animals and are generally associated with trauma. They have apoor prognosis and surgical therapy is the most indicated. There are few studies describing surgical treatment and postoperative results, so the objective of the present report was to present the first case in Brazil of a colocefalectomy for the treatmentof femoral capital physeal fracture in a young pony, the post-surgical and the results obtained with the technique employed.Case: An 18-month-old pony, male, not castrated, , weighing 136 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalUniversity of Paraná (HV-UFPR) with a history of trauma for 4 days. On physical examination, the animal presented lamenessgrade 5 of the right pelvic limb, shortening and lateral deviation of the limb, crackling and painful sensation on abduction, andslight atrophy of the gluteal muscles on the affected side. In the radiographic examination, a femoral capital physeal fracturewas found in the oblique ventro-dorsal projection. Once the diagnosis was performed, a colocefalectomy was realized, as thepatient is a light and short horse. The patient underwent general anesthesia and was placed in the left lateral position. The accessto the coxofemoral joint was made through the lateral face of the right hindlimb. The muscles of the region were incised anddeviated, so a partial myotomy was performed in the deep gluteal and vastus lateralis. This procedure allowed to visualize thefracture, where the head of the femur remained congruent to the acetabulum. A hammer and a curved osteotome were usedto section the round ligament, allowing the dislocation of the femoral head and with the aid of an oscillating orthopedic sawwas performed the femoral neck ostectomy. Previously to the synthesis of the muscular planes and the skin, a passive tubular...

Megaesôfago em muar / Megaesophagus in mule

Background: Megaesophagus is a chronic dilation of the esophagus rarely found in horses. It’s a non-specific disease that is associated with several causes, and esophageal hypomotility is the dysfunction that most commonly results in organ dilation. In the literature, there are few reports of megaesophagus in horses and, to date, no cases in mule have been reported. The objective of this work is to describe a case of a donkey with thoracic megaesophagus. Case: A 16 year-old donkey, castrated male, mixed breed weighing 195 kg, was referred for clinical care with a history of 5 days of anorexia. On physical examination, apathy, cachexia, 8% dehydration, moderate enophthalmos, ptialism, bilateral nasal discharge, dry and bristling hair were observed. Due to the poor general condition, a nasogastric tube was chosen to perform enteral nutrition, however, it was not possible to progress the tube to the stomach. In order to confirm the suspicion of a possible esophageal obstruction, gastroscopy was performed, where it was possible to observe an esophageal dilation filled with bulky food located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus. In an attempt to stimulate esophageal motility, in order to promote the progression of the material present in the region of dilation, intramuscular metoclopramide was administered (two applications every 6 h), however the treatment had no effect. Due to the unfavorable prognosis and financial limitations of the owner, euthanasia was performed, which was followed by autopsy and histopathological examination. At necropsy, a marked dilation of the esophagus was observed in the thoracic portion, which was filled with approximately 500 grams of bulky food (grass). In the mucosa of this area...

Megaesôfago em muar / Megaesophagus in mule

Background: Megaesophagus is a chronic dilation of the esophagus rarely found in horses. Its a non-specific disease that is associated with several causes, and esophageal hypomotility is the dysfunction that most commonly results in organ dilation. In the literature, there are few reports of megaesophagus in horses and, to date, no cases in mule have been reported. The objective of this work is to describe a case of a donkey with thoracic megaesophagus. Case: A 16 year-old donkey, castrated male, mixed breed weighing 195 kg, was referred for clinical care with a history of 5 days of anorexia. On physical examination, apathy, cachexia, 8% dehydration, moderate enophthalmos, ptialism, bilateral nasal discharge, dry and bristling hair were observed. Due to the poor general condition, a nasogastric tube was chosen to perform enteral nutrition, however, it was not possible to progress the tube to the stomach. In order to confirm the suspicion of a possible esophageal obstruction, gastroscopy was performed, where it was possible to observe an esophageal dilation filled with bulky food located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus. In an attempt to stimulate esophageal motility, in order to promote the progression of the material present in the region of dilation, intramuscular metoclopramide was administered (two applications every 6 h), however the treatment had no effect. Due to the unfavorable prognosis and financial limitations of the owner, euthanasia was performed, which was followed by autopsy and histopathological examination. At necropsy, a marked dilation of the esophagus was observed in the thoracic portion, which was filled with approximately 500 grams of bulky food (grass). In the mucosa of this area...(AU)

Colocefalectomia para o tratamento de fratura fisária da cabeça do fêmur em pônei / Colocephalectomy for the treatment of capital physeal fracture of the femoral head in pony

Background: Femoral capital physeal fractures occur in young animals and are generally associated with trauma. They have apoor prognosis and surgical therapy is the most indicated. There are few studies describing surgical treatment and postoperative results, so the objective of the present report was to present the first case in Brazil of a colocefalectomy for the treatmentof femoral capital physeal fracture in a young pony, the post-surgical and the results obtained with the technique employed.Case: An 18-month-old pony, male, not castrated, , weighing 136 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalUniversity of Paraná (HV-UFPR) with a history of trauma for 4 days. On physical examination, the animal presented lamenessgrade 5 of the right pelvic limb, shortening and lateral deviation of the limb, crackling and painful sensation on abduction, andslight atrophy of the gluteal muscles on the affected side. In the radiographic examination, a femoral capital physeal fracturewas found in the oblique ventro-dorsal projection. Once the diagnosis was performed, a colocefalectomy was realized, as thepatient is a light and short horse. The patient underwent general anesthesia and was placed in the left lateral position. The accessto the coxofemoral joint was made through the lateral face of the right hindlimb. The muscles of the region were incised anddeviated, so a partial myotomy was performed in the deep gluteal and vastus lateralis. This procedure allowed to visualize thefracture, where the head of the femur remained congruent to the acetabulum. A hammer and a curved osteotome were usedto section the round ligament, allowing the dislocation of the femoral head and with the aid of an oscillating orthopedic sawwas performed the femoral neck ostectomy. Previously to the synthesis of the muscular planes and the skin, a passive tubular...(AU)