Carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em Amazona aestiva / Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in Amazona aestiva

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary malignant tumor of the liver tissue and its occurrence in birds is considered rare. The tumor can occur as a single mass leading to hepatomegaly, or as multiple nodules in the liver. In animals of the genus Amazona, only 1 case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in the United States, therefore, little is known about its epidemiology and clinicopathological aspects in these species. In this context, the aim of this work was to describe a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in an Amazona aestiva. Case: A blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was referred to necropsy after being found dead in its enclosure. On examination, it presented cachectic body score. Examination of the coelomic cavity, revealed a serous translucent fluid and adhesions between the liver and peritoneum.A red mass restricted to the right hepatic lobe and raised to the capsular surface, interspersed with whitish and dark red multifocal areas was observed. When cut, this mass was soft, protruding, multilobulated, whitish and with a friable reddish center. Additionally, on the dorsal surface of the left lung lobe, there was a rounded, well defined, whitish, and soft nodule. Microscopically, partial replacement of the hepatic parenchyma was observed by neoplastic proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells, organized in mantle and supported by a scarce fibrovascular stroma. Cells have large, eosinophilic, well-delimited cytoplasm, with a central, oval nucleus, loose chromatin, and evident nucleolus. Moderate pleomorphism was characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and aberrant nuclei. In the lung, a focally extensive mass with a pattern similar to that seen in the liver was observed. In the kidney, multifocal neoplastic emboli were noted. Liver immunohistochemistry was performed. Positive and negative controls were used to validate the reaction; however, there was no immunolabelling for the evaluated antibodies. Discussion: The histopathological characteristics observed in this study favored the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to kidney and lung. Primary liver tumors are rare in wild birds. In ducks, experimental studies have pointed aflatoxins and the duck hepatitis B virus as oncogenic agents, however, in birds of the genus Amazona, there are no studies that evaluate predisposing factors to the development of liver carcinoma. Macroscopically, hepatocellular carcinoma may present in massive, nodular or diffuse forms. In birds, the right lobe is the largest, which may suggest that this lobe is more prone to the development of HCC, as seen in the present case. The solid form, similar to that observed in this report, seems to be more commonly observed, as seen in the wild bird reports consulted. Metastases most often spread hematogenous, and in the present report there was metastasis to kidneys and lungs, which is a common feature for this neoplasm. In the present case, there was no labeling by any of the antibodies, perhaps because of their aggressiveness, associated with autolytic factors that prevent the labeling of antibodies, in addition to the specificity in the antibodyantigen relationship. This tumor must be differentiated from other liver tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and also the well-differentiated hepatocellular adenoma, in addition to non-neoplastic conditions. HCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Amazona aestiva found dead in the enclosure without previous clinical signs. This neoplasm is rare in Amazon parrots and reports should be encouraged in order to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the tumor.

First report of Dipetalonema gracile in a captive Marcgrave's capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) in northeastern Brazil: Scientific communication / Primeira descrição de Dipetalonema gracile em macaco-prego-galego (Sapajus flavius) do nordeste do Brasil: Comunicação científica

Parasitic infections are important concern to the Wildlife Conservation Biology, particularly in endangered species. Herein, we report a parasitism by Dipetalonema gracile Rudolphi, 1809 (Spirurida, Filarioidea, Onchocercidae), in the peritoneal cavity of a captive Marcgrave's capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) that died at the Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS) of the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the municipality of Cabedelo, state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The necropsy revealed two filarial worms D. gracile in the abdominal cavity. Exudates, thin fibrin layers and fibrous adhesions were also present in the mesentery and spleen capsule. The mesenteric, mandibular, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were enlarged. Multiple small nodules were seen in the spleen parenchyma. Microscopic examination of the lymph nodes and spleen revealed markedly and diffuse inflammatory reaction, with edema, plasma cells, eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes and rare multinuclear giant cells, with obliteration of the normal histological architecture of the organ. This is the first report of D. gracile parasitism in Marcgrave's capuchin monkeys, a critically endangered species. Studies of this nature significantly contribute to the knowledge of the parasitic fauna of endangered species, in addition to helping to formulate conservation strategies (in situ and ex situ) and records of new hosts and new areas of occurrence of parasites.(AU)

Infecções parasitárias são uma questão importante para a Medicina e Biologia da Conservação. É descrito o parasitismo por Dipetalonema gracile Rudolphi, 1809 (Spirurida, Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) na cavidade peritoneal de um macaco-prego-galego (Sapajus flavius) que morreu no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), município de Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil. A necropsia revelou dois espécimes de parasitas na cavidade abdominal. Exsudatos, finas camadas de fibrina e aderências fibrosas também estavam presentes no mesentério e na cápsula do baço. Os linfonodos mesentéricos, mandibulares e traqueobrônquicos estavam aumentados. Vários pequenos nódulos foram vistos no parênquima do baço. O exame microscópico dos linfonodos e baço revelou reação inflamatória grave e difusa, com edema, células plasmáticas, eosinófilos, histiócitos, linfócitos e raras células gigantes multinucleares, com obliteração da arquitetura histológica normal do órgão. Este é o primeiro relato de parasitismo por esse nematódeo em macaco-prego-galego, uma espécie criticamente ameaçada da Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. Estudos dessa natureza contribuem significativamente para o conhecimento sobre a fauna parasitária de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, além de auxiliar na formulação de estratégias de conservação (in situ e ex situ) e registros de novos hospedeiros e novas áreas de ocorrência de parasitas.(AU)

Clinical, sonographic and anatomopathological aspects of ovarian teratoma in a heifer / Aspectos clínicos, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos do teratoma ovariano em uma novilha

Teratomas rarely occur in domestic species, especially in cattle. These tumors originate in fetal life and are characterized by rapid growth, which justifies their frequent detection in young animals. This study reported a case of ovarian teratoma in a heifer. On physical examination, the main signs identified were apathy, abdominal distention and tension, empty rumen, and mushy diarrhea. During rectal palpation, a mass was identified in the pelvic region, which was suggestive of cysts on ultrasound examination. The animal underwent laparotomy, followed by euthanasia due to a poor prognosis. At necropsy, a 54 x 43 x 52 cm (length x width x thickness) tumor was observed in the right ovary with multiple cystic areas, in addition to masses associated with multiple adhesions of the intestinal loops and peritonitis. On histopathology, muscle, cartilage, bone, nervous and epithelial tissue, glands, hair with follicles, were identified in the affected ovary. There was mixed inflammation and foci of necrosis observed with a complete absence of ovarian architecture in both the ovaries. Infiltrations were identified in the lymph nodes and mesenteric vessels. Glandular ducts were seen from the serosa to the intestinal mucosa. A locally infiltrative and expansile ovarian teratoma was diagnosed accordingly. It is considered that this kind of tumor can induce abdominal distension and absence of estrus in previously healthy, non-pregnant heifers.

Os teratomas são tumores raros nas espécies domésticas, sobretudo em bovinos. Esses tumores são caracterizados por crescimento rápido e origem durante a vida fetal, o que justifica seu diagnóstico frequente em animais jovens. O presente trabalho relata um caso de teratoma ovariano em uma novilha. No exame físico, os principais sinais identificados foram apatia, distensão e tensão abdominal, rúmen vazio e diarreia pastosa. Durante a palpação retal, uma massa foi identificada na região pélvica. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, a massa era sugestiva de cistos. O animal foi submetido a laparotomia, seguido de eutanásia devido ao mau prognóstico. Na necropsia foi observado um tumor de 54 x 43 x 52 cm (comprimento x largura x espessura) no ovário direito com múltiplas áreas císticas, além de massas associadas à múltiplas aderências das alças intestinais e peritonite. Na histopatologia foram identificados no ovário acometido a presença de tecidos muscular, cartilaginoso, ósseo, nervoso e epitelial, com glândulas, pelos e folículos. Havia inflamação mista e focos de necrose com ausência completa de arquitetura ovariana em ambos os ovários. Infiltrações foram identificadas em linfonodos e vasos mesentéricos. Ductos glandulares foram vistos desde a serosa até mucosa intestinal. Diagnosticou-se um teratoma ovariano localmente infiltrativo e expansivo. Considera-se que este tumor pode induzir distensão abdominal e ausência de estro em novilhas previamente sadias e não gestantes.

Parasitological, epidemiological, and hematological findings in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixiiWangler, 1831) in the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil / Achados parasitológicos, hematológicos e epidemiológicos em preás- (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831) do estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil

Brazil is composed of large ecosystems with vast biodiversity in fauna and flora. Agriculture and livestock farming provides an interaction between humans and domestic and wild animals, which favors the dissemination of infectious and parasitic agents. Wild rodents present a wide ecological diversity; therefore, it is necessary to know which species may be carriers of pathogens. This study aims to identify endo and ectoparasites, and hemoparasites in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831), and determine the hematological parameters of this species. The study was carried out with 16 adult specimens from both sexes, captured in the rural areas of Remigio and Areia, Paraiba State, northeastern Brazil. All Spix's yellow-toothed cavies presented ectoparasites, Gliricola quadrisetosa, Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides caviae, and endoparasites identified by the presence of Nematode eggs, Cestode eggs, and coccidian oocysts in the stool samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of parasitism by Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides cavia in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy. Animals tested negative by PCR for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp., Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Bartonella sp. For the first time, the hematological profile of these animals was determined. These results can be the basis for future research with the species, which can be used as a sample animal in experiments in clinical settings as an epidemiological guide since this species is routinely used by impoverished populations in the Northeastern region of Brazil as pets, as well as a source of protein.

O Brasil é composto por grandes ecossistemas com vasta biodiversidade na fauna e flora. O desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária proporciona uma interação entre a população humana e animais domésticos e silvestres, o que facilita a disseminação de agentes infecciosos e parasitos. Os roedores selvagens apresentam uma ampla diversidade ecológica; portanto, é necessário conhecer as espécies que podem ser portadoras de patógenos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar endo e ectoparasitos, e hemoparasitos em preás (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831), e determinar os parâmetros hematológicos desta espécie. O trabalho foi realizado com 16 espécimes adultos de ambos os sexos capturados nas áreas rurais de Remígio e Areia, estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil. Todos os animais apresentaram ectoparasitas, Gliricola quadrisetosa, Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. e Chirodiscoides caviae, e endoparasitos identificados pela presença de ovos de nematódeos, ovos de cestódeos e oocistos de coccídeos na amostra de fezes. Este é o primeiro relato de parasitismo de Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. e Chirodiscoides cavia em preás. Os animais testaram negativo na PCR para Mycoplasma sp., Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., e Bartonella sp. Pela primeira vez, foi determinado o perfil hematológico desses animais. Esses resultados podem servir de base para futuras pesquisas com a espécie, que pode ser utilizada para experimentação em ensaios clínicos como guia epidemiológico, uma vez que essa espécie é rotineiramente utilizada por populações empobrecidas da região Nordeste do Brasil como fonte proteica, além de seu uso como animais de estimação.

Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma in a buff-throated saltator (Saltator maximus) with lung metastasis

Hemangiosarcomas are malignant neoplasms arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels. A three-year-old male buff-throated saltator (Saltator maximus) was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (HV-UFPB) due to a recurrent tan nodular mass in the pericloacal region. Surgery for excision of the mass was attempted but the bird died during the surgical procedure. The nodule and the carcass were sent for gross and histological evaluation. Histopathology revealed large blood-filled vascular spaces lined by pleomorphic endothelial cells, which were also observed in the lungs. These findings suggested the diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma that was confirmed by immunohistochemistry against factor VIII-related antigen.

Clinical, imaginological and pathological aspects of umbilical panvasculitis in calves: case report / Aspectos imaginológicos e clínico-patológicos de panvasculite umbilical em bezerro: relato de caso

The diagnosis of umbilical infections in neonates can be obtained from clinical signs, but the intracavitary involvement of structures and associated complications can be underestimated, compromising the establishment of adequate therapeutic approaches or prognosis. This case report presents the clinical, imaging, pathological and microbiological aspects of an umbilical infection in calves. Physical examination of the animal identified apathy, low body score, increased volume in the umbilical region and joints. The abdominal palpation identified firm structures in topography of the arteries and umbilical vein. Imaging examinations of the abdomen and joints were performed. Multiple, hyperechogenic focal structures have been identified in the liver, as well as cylindrical and firm structures in topography of the arteries and umbilical vein. In the joints, osteolytic changes, periosteal reactions, subchondral sclerosis and formation of osteophytes were seen. Umbilical panvasculitis triggered arthritis and an infectious process in the liver, the case being assessed as having an unfavorable prognosis and the animal being referred for euthanasia. At necropsy, multifocal abscesses were observed in the pleura, ribs, omentum, spleen and liver. There was granulomatous exudate in the urinary vesicle. The affected joints presented thickening of the joint capsule with the presence of exudat

O diagnóstico das infecções umbilicais em neonatos pode ser obtido a partir do exame clínico, porém o compro-metimento intracavitário das estruturas e as complicações associadas podem ser subestimados, comprometendo o estabeleci-mento de condutas terapêuticas ou prognósticos adequados. Apresenta-se nesse trabalho os aspectos clínicos, imaginológicos e patológicos de uma infecção umbilical em bezerro. No exame físico do animal identificou-se apatia, baixo escore corporal, aumento de volume na região umbilical e articulações e, em palpação abdominal, estruturas firmes em topografia das artérias e veia umbilical. Na avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal identificou-se estruturas focais múltiplas, hiperecogênicas no fígado e estrutura bem definida, com parede hipoecoica e lúmen hiperecoico, estendendo-se de lobo hepático até porção cranial do anel umbilical. Na radiografia das articulações foram vistas alterações osteolíticas, reação periosteal, esclerose e formação de osteófitos, além do aumento de volume e radiopacidade de tecido moles adjacentes com presença de áreas radiolucentes, indi-cando presença gasosa local. Os sinais clínicos e os achados imaginológicos demonstraram a ocorrência de panvasculite umbi-lical que desencadeou um quadro de poliartrite séptica e processos infecciosos em diversos órgãos. O estudo imaginológico permitiu identificar onfaloflebite, grave acometimento de parênquima hepático e artrites sépticas, sendo o caso avaliado como tendo um prognóstico desfavorável e o animal eutanasiado. O tratamento conservador com antibioticoterapia prolongada e/ou a retirada ou marsupialização dos remanescentes umbilicais infectados podem ser utilizados em casos de onfaloflebites ou onfaloarterites. No entanto, esse procedimento não foi adotado devido ao comprometimento hepático e aos achados radio-gráficos que demonstraram ocorrência de osteoartrite séptica.

Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma in a buff-throated saltator (Saltator maximus) with lung metastasis

Hemangiosarcomas are malignant neoplasms arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels. A three-year-old male buff-throated saltator (Saltator maximus) was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (HV-UFPB) due to a recurrent tan nodular mass in the pericloacal region. Surgery for excision of the mass was attempted but the bird died during the surgical procedure. The nodule and the carcass were sent for gross and histological evaluation. Histopathology revealed large blood-filled vascular spaces lined by pleomorphic endothelial cells, which were also observed in the lungs. These findings suggested the diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma that was confirmed by immunohistochemistry against factor VIII-related antigen.(AU)

Clinical, imaginological and pathological aspects of umbilical panvasculitis in calves: case report / Aspectos imaginológicos e clínico-patológicos de panvasculite umbilical em bezerro: relato de caso

The diagnosis of umbilical infections in neonates can be obtained from clinical signs, but the intracavitary involvement of structures and associated complications can be underestimated, compromising the establishment of adequate therapeutic approaches or prognosis. This case report presents the clinical, imaging, pathological and microbiological aspects of an umbilical infection in calves. Physical examination of the animal identified apathy, low body score, increased volume in the umbilical region and joints. The abdominal palpation identified firm structures in topography of the arteries and umbilical vein. Imaging examinations of the abdomen and joints were performed. Multiple, hyperechogenic focal structures have been identified in the liver, as well as cylindrical and firm structures in topography of the arteries and umbilical vein. In the joints, osteolytic changes, periosteal reactions, subchondral sclerosis and formation of osteophytes were seen. Umbilical panvasculitis triggered arthritis and an infectious process in the liver, the case being assessed as having an unfavorable prognosis and the animal being referred for euthanasia. At necropsy, multifocal abscesses were observed in the pleura, ribs, omentum, spleen and liver. There was granulomatous exudate in the urinary vesicle. The affected joints presented thickening of the joint capsule with the presence of exudat(AU)

O diagnóstico das infecções umbilicais em neonatos pode ser obtido a partir do exame clínico, porém o compro-metimento intracavitário das estruturas e as complicações associadas podem ser subestimados, comprometendo o estabeleci-mento de condutas terapêuticas ou prognósticos adequados. Apresenta-se nesse trabalho os aspectos clínicos, imaginológicos e patológicos de uma infecção umbilical em bezerro. No exame físico do animal identificou-se apatia, baixo escore corporal, aumento de volume na região umbilical e articulações e, em palpação abdominal, estruturas firmes em topografia das artérias e veia umbilical. Na avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal identificou-se estruturas focais múltiplas, hiperecogênicas no fígado e estrutura bem definida, com parede hipoecoica e lúmen hiperecoico, estendendo-se de lobo hepático até porção cranial do anel umbilical. Na radiografia das articulações foram vistas alterações osteolíticas, reação periosteal, esclerose e formação de osteófitos, além do aumento de volume e radiopacidade de tecido moles adjacentes com presença de áreas radiolucentes, indi-cando presença gasosa local. Os sinais clínicos e os achados imaginológicos demonstraram a ocorrência de panvasculite umbi-lical que desencadeou um quadro de poliartrite séptica e processos infecciosos em diversos órgãos. O estudo imaginológico permitiu identificar onfaloflebite, grave acometimento de parênquima hepático e artrites sépticas, sendo o caso avaliado como tendo um prognóstico desfavorável e o animal eutanasiado. O tratamento conservador com antibioticoterapia prolongada e/ou a retirada ou marsupialização dos remanescentes umbilicais infectados podem ser utilizados em casos de onfaloflebites ou onfaloarterites. No entanto, esse procedimento não foi adotado devido ao comprometimento hepático e aos achados radio-gráficos que demonstraram ocorrência de osteoartrite séptica.(AU)

Tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico e osteopatia hipertrófica em cadela / Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and hypertrophic osteopathy in a bitch

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare, aggressive, relapsing, metastatic cutaneousneoplasms of mesenchymal origin. So far, no account on the association of this disease with hypertrophic osteopathy (HO)in dogs is available in the literature. Current theories on the possible causes of HO suggest that this disease may be triggered by a primary neoplasm as well as by its metastasis. The objective of this work is to report the clinical, cytological,radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of a dog affected by MPNST and HO.Case: A 13-year-old female mongrel dog was presented with a history of ulcerated nodular lesion on the skin of the flank.Several ulcerated and non-ulcerated tumors were observed on the thorax, neck, and head at the physical exam. Cytological examination of the nodules revealed presence of mesenchymal cells with a malignant aspect. Complete blood countrevealed anemia. There were no alterations in the biochemical tests performed. Thoracic radiographs showed presence of anodular interstitial pattern in the cranial, medial, and caudal lobes of the lungs. To improve quality of life of the patient, theveterinary team opted for surgical excision of the tumoral ulcerations. Slight claudication in the pelvic limbs was noticedprior to the surgery. Histopathological analyses of the excised nodules verified the existence of malignant mesenchymalneoplasia, which was categorized as peripheral nerve sheath tumor after immunohistochemical examination. Additionalcutaneous tumors emerged after surgical excision, along with increased claudication, edema, and pain in the legs. Completeblood count revealed persistent anemia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and neutrophilia. Radiographs showed an increasein the number and size of the nodules. Radiography of the limbs showed presence of palisading periosteal reaction, andincreased...

Carcinoma de células escamosas multicêntrico com envolvimento de anexos oculares em um cão / Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma with the involvement of the ocular annexes in a dog

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...

Hipoplasia pulmonar associada à ascite e hidrotórax em um suíno neonato / Pulmonary hypoplasia associated with ascites and hydrothorax in a newborn pig

Background: Pulmonary hypoplasia is characterized by incomplete development of the lungs, owing to congenital defectsor the action of toxic substances. Moreover, it has rarely been described in pigs. Ascites or hydroperitoneum is characterized by the presence of fluid inside the abdominal cavity and does not generally cause changes in the abdominal organs.However, hydrothorax, characterized by the presence of fluid within the thoracic cavity, is responsible for the compressionof thoracic organs and consequent heart and respiratory failure. This study aims to describe a case of congenital pulmonaryhypoplasia associated with ascites and hydrothorax in a newborn pig.Case: A male neonate Landrace pig that died shortly after delivery was presented for necropsy with increased abdominalvolume and bilateral extension of the pelvic limbs. The pig belonged to a litter of 13 piglets, four of which died shortlyafter birth. The rest of the piglets were poorly developed, but only one was presented for necropsy. Significant externalchanges, along with permanent distension, interpreted as arthrogriposis, were observed in the pelvic limbs. The skin of theventral abdominal region was thin, with evidence of all blood vessels, interpreted as telangectasis. An internal examination revealed the presence of a slightly yellowish liquid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, interpreted as hydrothoraxand ascites, respectively. The lungs were reduced in size, indicating pulmonary hypoplasia. The liver had rounded edges,which were dark red and firm, with an irregular surface. Significant microscopic findings were observed in the lungs,which were divided by fibrous connective tissue and showed evidence of small and atrophied alveoli. Furthermore, connective tissue was observed around the peribronchiolar regions and underdeveloped cartilage around the airways. The liver...

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervical oesophagus in a dog / Carcinoma adenoescamoso do esôfago cervical em um cão

A 9-year-old male Shih Tzu dog presented with a mass on the ventral region of the neck and developed ptyalism. Radiographs revealed a radiodense nodule located in the mid-third of the oesophagus compressing the trachea. Preoperative cytology showed large neoplastic cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm arranged in clusters. The nodule was removed by oesophagectomy and submitted for histopathology. Microscopically, the oesophageal mass was multilobulated and unencapsulated. It had a mixed cellular growth pattern with areas showing squamous and glandular differentiation. The squamous component of the tumor was formed by solid strands of neoplastic epithelial cells; many neoplastic cells had undergone central keratinization and sometimes formed keratin pearls. The deeper adenocarcinomatous portion of the tumor consisted of tubules filled with slightly basophilic mucinous material. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus. This is the first report of primary ASC of the cervical oesophagus in a dog.(AU)

Um cão Shih Tzu de nove anos de idade apresentou uma massa na região ventral do pescoço e desenvolveu ptialismo. As radiografias revelaram um nódulo radiodenso localizado no terço médio do esôfago que comprimia a traqueia. A citologia pré-operatória mostrou células neoplásicas grandes com citoplasma vacuolizado abundante, dispostas em aglomerados. O nódulo foi removido por esofagectomia e submetido à histopatologia. Microscopicamente, a massa esofágica era multilobulada e não encapsulada. Apresentava um padrão de crescimento celular misto, com áreas mostrando diferenciação escamosa e áreas de diferenciação glandular. O componente escamoso do tumor era formado por filamentos sólidos de células epiteliais neoplásicas; muitas células neoplásicas demonstravam queratinização central e, por vezes, formavam pérolas de queratina. A porção adenocarcinomatosa mais profunda do tumor consistia em túbulos preenchidos com material mucinoso levemente basofílico. O exame histológico e imunohistoquímico confirmaram o diagnóstico de carcinoma adenoescamoso primário do esôfago. No conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de carcinoma adenoescamoso primário do esôfago cervical em um cão.(AU)

Tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico e osteopatia hipertrófica em cadela / Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and hypertrophic osteopathy in a bitch

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare, aggressive, relapsing, metastatic cutaneousneoplasms of mesenchymal origin. So far, no account on the association of this disease with hypertrophic osteopathy (HO)in dogs is available in the literature. Current theories on the possible causes of HO suggest that this disease may be triggered by a primary neoplasm as well as by its metastasis. The objective of this work is to report the clinical, cytological,radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of a dog affected by MPNST and HO.Case: A 13-year-old female mongrel dog was presented with a history of ulcerated nodular lesion on the skin of the flank.Several ulcerated and non-ulcerated tumors were observed on the thorax, neck, and head at the physical exam. Cytological examination of the nodules revealed presence of mesenchymal cells with a malignant aspect. Complete blood countrevealed anemia. There were no alterations in the biochemical tests performed. Thoracic radiographs showed presence of anodular interstitial pattern in the cranial, medial, and caudal lobes of the lungs. To improve quality of life of the patient, theveterinary team opted for surgical excision of the tumoral ulcerations. Slight claudication in the pelvic limbs was noticedprior to the surgery. Histopathological analyses of the excised nodules verified the existence of malignant mesenchymalneoplasia, which was categorized as peripheral nerve sheath tumor after immunohistochemical examination. Additionalcutaneous tumors emerged after surgical excision, along with increased claudication, edema, and pain in the legs. Completeblood count revealed persistent anemia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and neutrophilia. Radiographs showed an increasein the number and size of the nodules. Radiography of the limbs showed presence of palisading periosteal reaction, andincreased...(AU)

Hipoplasia pulmonar associada à ascite e hidrotórax em um suíno neonato / Pulmonary hypoplasia associated with ascites and hydrothorax in a newborn pig

Background: Pulmonary hypoplasia is characterized by incomplete development of the lungs, owing to congenital defectsor the action of toxic substances. Moreover, it has rarely been described in pigs. Ascites or hydroperitoneum is characterized by the presence of fluid inside the abdominal cavity and does not generally cause changes in the abdominal organs.However, hydrothorax, characterized by the presence of fluid within the thoracic cavity, is responsible for the compressionof thoracic organs and consequent heart and respiratory failure. This study aims to describe a case of congenital pulmonaryhypoplasia associated with ascites and hydrothorax in a newborn pig.Case: A male neonate Landrace pig that died shortly after delivery was presented for necropsy with increased abdominalvolume and bilateral extension of the pelvic limbs. The pig belonged to a litter of 13 piglets, four of which died shortlyafter birth. The rest of the piglets were poorly developed, but only one was presented for necropsy. Significant externalchanges, along with permanent distension, interpreted as arthrogriposis, were observed in the pelvic limbs. The skin of theventral abdominal region was thin, with evidence of all blood vessels, interpreted as telangectasis. An internal examination revealed the presence of a slightly yellowish liquid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, interpreted as hydrothoraxand ascites, respectively. The lungs were reduced in size, indicating pulmonary hypoplasia. The liver had rounded edges,which were dark red and firm, with an irregular surface. Significant microscopic findings were observed in the lungs,which were divided by fibrous connective tissue and showed evidence of small and atrophied alveoli. Furthermore, connective tissue was observed around the peribronchiolar regions and underdeveloped cartilage around the airways. The liver...(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas multicêntrico com envolvimento de anexos oculares em um cão / Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma with the involvement of the ocular annexes in a dog

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...(AU)

Congenital hepatic fibrosis associated with ascites in a nellore calf / Fibrose hepática congênita associada à ascite em um bezerro nelore

Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is an autosomal recessive malformation characterized by a variable degree of fibrosis and bile duct proliferation, mainly described in people and rarely reported in bovine European breeds. In addition to liver fibrosis, this syndrome has been associated with ascites and subcutaneous edema in calves. This paper described the pathological findings of the first report of CHF in a Nelore bovine fetus. A stillborn calf was removed by cesarean section because of dystocia. At necropsy, characteristic changes of CHF were observed, such as a large increase in abdominal volume associated with hepatic fibrosis and marked subcutaneous edema. Histological examination of liver revealed periportal and port-portal islands of fibrosis separating the parenchyma into nodules of variable sizes and containing numerous abnormally shaped bile ducts. The CHF should be considered in the differential diagnosis in young calves that present with ascites.(AU)

A fibrose hepática congênita (FHC) é uma malformação autossômica recessiva, caracterizada por um variável grau de fibrose e proliferação de ductos biliares, descrita principalmente em pessoas, e raramente relatada em bovinos de raças europeias. Além da fibrose hepática em bezerros, esta síndrome tem sido associada à ascite e edema subcutâneo. O presente trabalho apresenta os achados anatomopatológicos do primeiro relato de FHC em um feto bovino da raça nelore. O bezerro natimorto foi retirado por meio de cesariana devido à distocia. Na necropsia foram verificadas alterações características da FHC, como grande aumento de volume abdominal associado à fibrose hepática e marcado edema subcutâneo. O exame histológico do fígado revelou ilhas de fibrose periportal e porto-portal, separando o parênquima em nódulos de tamanhos variáveis e contendo numerosos ductos biliares irregulares de tamanhos anormais.(AU)

Carcinoma écrino e apócrino em cães / Eccrine and apocrine carcinoma in dogs

Background: Sweat gland carcinomas divide into eccrine, apocrine, mixed origin (eccrine and apocrine). Eccrine carcinoma(EC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands that can affect dogs, cats, and humans. EC can present itself as asolitary swelling in the pads, digits, or distal limbs. EC is more common in elder animals, and exhibits no predispositionaccording to breed. In humans, EC is more frequent in the head and neck, and is more likely to occur in mid-aged people;metastases can develop in any site of the body. A diagnosis of this type of tumor can be determined by histopathologicalexamination. Apocrine carcinomas occur most frequently in the axillary areas even though they may occur in other regionsof the body, and affect mainly elder animals.Case: A 13-year-old male mongrel dog with a history of presence of smooth reddish infiltrative nodule in the skin of thethorax, but with no history of progression, was examined. After running complementary tests, a fragment of the skin onthe thorax was taken for biopsy. The second animal was an 8-year-old female Golden Retriever, which was presented witha history of presence of a nodule on the right digital pad. After running complementary tests, a fragment of this nodulewas collected. In both cases, the excised fragments were placed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed forthe preparation of histological slides, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to histopathologicalevaluation. Light microscopy analysis revealed, in both cases, the presence of a poorly delimited, non-encapsulated massinfiltrating the muscle and adipose tissue. Necrotic areas, and presence of eosinophilic material in the nucleus were observed.Additionally, the samples from both cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK Pan).Discussion: A definitive diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma...

Progressive histiocytosis of non-epitheliotropic dendritic cells in a feline

Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the...

Carcinoma écrino e apócrino em cães / Eccrine and apocrine carcinoma in dogs

Background: Sweat gland carcinomas divide into eccrine, apocrine, mixed origin (eccrine and apocrine). Eccrine carcinoma(EC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands that can affect dogs, cats, and humans. EC can present itself as asolitary swelling in the pads, digits, or distal limbs. EC is more common in elder animals, and exhibits no predispositionaccording to breed. In humans, EC is more frequent in the head and neck, and is more likely to occur in mid-aged people;metastases can develop in any site of the body. A diagnosis of this type of tumor can be determined by histopathologicalexamination. Apocrine carcinomas occur most frequently in the axillary areas even though they may occur in other regionsof the body, and affect mainly elder animals.Case: A 13-year-old male mongrel dog with a history of presence of smooth reddish infiltrative nodule in the skin of thethorax, but with no history of progression, was examined. After running complementary tests, a fragment of the skin onthe thorax was taken for biopsy. The second animal was an 8-year-old female Golden Retriever, which was presented witha history of presence of a nodule on the right digital pad. After running complementary tests, a fragment of this nodulewas collected. In both cases, the excised fragments were placed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed forthe preparation of histological slides, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to histopathologicalevaluation. Light microscopy analysis revealed, in both cases, the presence of a poorly delimited, non-encapsulated massinfiltrating the muscle and adipose tissue. Necrotic areas, and presence of eosinophilic material in the nucleus were observed.Additionally, the samples from both cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK Pan).Discussion: A definitive diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma...(AU)

Progressive histiocytosis of non-epitheliotropic dendritic cells in a feline

Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the...(AU)