Resistance of ewes to gastrointestinal nematode infections during the peripartum and dry periods and the performance of their lambs / Resistência de ovelhas às infecções por nematódeos gastrintestinais durante o periparto e no período seco e desempenho de seus cordeiros

This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Texel (Tx) and Ile de France (IF) sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infections in the periparturient period and after weaning, and the performance of their lambs. Fecal samples were collected from 19 IF and 17 Texel ewes to determine fecal egg counts (FEC) and larval cultures were prepared to determine the prevalence of nematodes. The ewes were weighed to determine body weight (BW) and blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and plasm protein values (PPV). The ewes were classified into two groups by FEC (heavy and moderate infection). The IF presented higher FECs than Tx 28 and 14 days before parturition; 14, 28, and 56 days after parturition; and 28 days after weaning (P<0.05). In the weaning and dry periods, the IF presented higher PCVs than Tx (P<0.05). The PPV did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). The IF presented a higher BW than Tx 14, 28, and 42 days after parturition, and in the weaning and dry periods (P<0.05). The ewes of both breeds classified as moderately infected had the highest BW at weaning (P<0.05). IF ewes with a moderate infection produced weaning lambs that were heavier than those of Tx with the same level of infection (P<0.05). Overall, Tx ewes presented a better ability to withstand infections during the periparturient period and after weaning. Although the IF ewes presented the highest FEC and more intense periparturient rise, they managed to maintain their level of production.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a resistência de ovelhas Texel (Tx) e Ile de France (IF) às infecções naturais por nematódeos gastrintestinais no periparto e após a desmama e o desempenho de cordeiros. Foram utilizadas 19 ovelhas IF e 17 Tx, nas quais coletou-se fezes para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coproculturas. As ovelhas foram pesadas para determinar o peso vivo (PV) e sangue foi coletado para determinar volume globular (VG) e proteína plasmática total (PPT). As ovelhas foram classificadas em dois grupos através do OPG (infecção pesada e moderada). As IF apresentaram OPG superior aos das Tx nos seguintes períodos: 28 e 14 dias antes do parto, 14, 28 e 56 dias após o parto e 28 dias após a desmama (P<0,05). Na desmama e no período seco as IF apresentaram VG superiores aos das Tx (P<0,05). PPT não diferiu entre as raças avaliadas (P>0,05). As IF apresentaram PV superior aos das Tx nos dias 14, 28 e 42 após o parto, na desmama e no período seco (P<0,05). As ovelhas classificadas como infecção moderada de ambas as raças apresentaram maior PV a desmama (P<0,05). Ovelhas IF infecção moderada desmamaram cordeiros mais pesados do que as Tx, com o mesmo nível de infecção (P<0,05). No geral, ovelhas Tx apresentaram melhor habilidade para suportar as infecções durante o periparto e após a desmama. No entanto, apesar das IF apresentarem maior OPG e fenômeno do periparto (FP) mais intenso conseguiram manter seu nível de produção.(AU)

Resistance of ewes to gastrointestinal nematode infections during the peripartum and dry periods and the performance of their lambs / Resistência de ovelhas às infecções por nematódeos gastrintestinais durante o periparto e no período seco e desempenho de seus cordeiros

This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Texel (Tx) and Ile de France (IF) sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infections in the periparturient period and after weaning, and the performance of their lambs. Fecal samples were collected from 19 IF and 17 Texel ewes to determine fecal egg counts (FEC) and larval cultures were prepared to determine the prevalence of nematodes. The ewes were weighed to determine body weight (BW) and blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and plasm protein values (PPV). The ewes were classified into two groups by FEC (heavy and moderate infection). The IF presented higher FECs than Tx 28 and 14 days before parturition; 14, 28, and 56 days after parturition; and 28 days after weaning (P0.05). The IF presented a higher BW than Tx 14, 28, and 42 days after parturition, and in the weaning and dry periods (P<0.05). The ewes of both breeds classified as moderately infected had the highest BW at weaning (P<0.05). IF ewes with a moderate infection produced weaning lambs that were heavier than those of Tx with the same level of infection (P<0.05). Overall, Tx ewes presented a better ability to withstand infections during the periparturient period and after weaning. Although the IF ewes presented the highest FEC and more intense periparturient rise, they managed to maintain their level of production.

Objetivou-se avaliar a resistência de ovelhas Texel (Tx) e Ile de France (IF) às infecções naturais por nematódeos gastrintestinais no periparto e após a desmama e o desempenho de cordeiros. Foram utilizadas 19 ovelhas IF e 17 Tx, nas quais coletou-se fezes para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coproculturas. As ovelhas foram pesadas para determinar o peso vivo (PV) e sangue foi coletado para determinar volume globular (VG) e proteína plasmática total (PPT). As ovelhas foram classificadas em dois grupos através do OPG (infecção pesada e moderada). As IF apresentaram OPG superior aos das Tx nos seguintes períodos: 28 e 14 dias antes do parto, 14, 28 e 56 dias após o parto e 28 dias após a desmama (P0,05). As IF apresentaram PV superior aos das Tx nos dias 14, 28 e 42 após o parto, na desmama e no período seco (P<0,05). As ovelhas classificadas como infecção moderada de ambas as raças apresentaram maior PV a desmama (P<0,05). Ovelhas IF infecção moderada desmamaram cordeiros mais pesados do que as Tx, com o mesmo nível de infecção (P<0,05). No geral, ovelhas Tx apresentaram melhor habilidade para suportar as infecções durante o periparto e após a desmama. No entanto, apesar das IF apresentarem maior OPG e fenômeno do periparto (FP) mais intenso conseguiram manter seu nível de produção.

No effects of homeopathy on somatic cell count, bovine milk yield and composition

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a homeopathic complex, on the reduction of milk somatic cell count, production of milk, fat percentage and protein percentage of milk in lactating Holstein cows, over a period of three months. Twenty cows, in second parity, were randomly assigned in blocks with two treatments, after an initial period of adaptation in the experimental area for 15 days. The cows were distributed into a control group (that did not receive the homeopathic complex) and a treated (that received the homeopathic complex), evaluated for six test-day records. Laboratory analysis of fat and protein were made via the infrared absorption and somatic cell count by flow cytometry, wherein this latest has been transformed into logarithmic scale for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance to test the effects of treatment, testday record and the interaction between these factors, was performed through repeated measures over time. For all traits, there was no significant interaction between treatment and test-day record (p > 0.05) and there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the control and treated groups. The use of the homeopathic complex was not effective in reducing somatic cell count of dairy cows, for the trial period of three months. The use of homeopathy did not interfere significantly with milk yield or the protein percentage in Holstein cows.

No effects of homeopathy on somatic cell count, bovine milk yield and composition

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a homeopathic complex, on the reduction of milk somatic cell count, production of milk, fat percentage and protein percentage of milk in lactating Holstein cows, over a period of three months. Twenty cows, in second parity, were randomly assigned in blocks with two treatments, after an initial period of adaptation in the experimental area for 15 days. The cows were distributed into a control group (that did not receive the homeopathic complex) and a treated (that received the homeopathic complex), evaluated for six test-day records. Laboratory analysis of fat and protein were made via the infrared absorption and somatic cell count by flow cytometry, wherein this latest has been transformed into logarithmic scale for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance to test the effects of treatment, testday record and the interaction between these factors, was performed through repeated measures over time. For all traits, there was no significant interaction between treatment and test-day record (p > 0.05) and there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the control and treated groups. The use of the homeopathic complex was not effective in reducing somatic cell count of dairy cows, for the trial period of three months. The use of homeopathy did not interfere significantly with milk yield or the protein percentage in Holstein cows.(AU)

Growth curves for Ile de France female sheep raised in feedlot / Curvas de crescimento de fêmeas da raça Ile de France criadas em confinamento

The objective of the present study was to analize the non-linear models that best fit the growth of ewes Ile de France. The experiment was conducted in school farm Capão da Onça, located in city of Ponta Grossa - PR and so, were used data on weight at birth to 210 days of age of 34 females of the breed Ile de France. The animals showed mean weight at birth (PN) of 4,58 kilograms, weaning weight (P60) of 19,58 kilograms and weight at 210 days (P210) equal to 43,18 kilograms, providing daily weight gain (GMD) equal to 0,183 kg/day. The non-linear models used were: Brody, Von Bentarlanffy, Logístic and Gompertz, presenting results, respectively, of 33.5453; 33.7120; 33.6714 and 33.8836 for Error Mean Square (EMS) and 0.9650; 0.8302; 0.9649 and 0.9647 for coefficient of determination (R2). All models tended to describe accordingly the curve of animals growth, but, according to the methods adopted to select the most appropriate model, Von Bertarlanffy showed the best fit. All models presented high and negative correlation between the A and k parameters, indicating that the most precocious animals are less likely to reach elevated weights for 210 days of age.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os modelos não lineares que melhor se ajustam ao crescimento de fêmeas da raça Ile de France. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça, localizada no município de Ponta Grossa - PR e para tanto, foram utilizados dados de peso ao nascimento até os 210 dias de idade de 34 fêmeas da raça Ile de France. Os animais apresentaram médias de peso ao nascer (PN) de 4,58 kg, peso a desmama (P60) de 19,58 kg e peso aos 210 dias (P210) igual a 43,18 kg, proporcionando ganho de peso médio diário do nascimento aos 210 dias (GMD) igual a 0,183 kg/dia. Os modelos não lineares utilizados foram: Brody, Von Bentarlanffy, Logístico e Gompertz, apresentando resultados, respectivamente, de 33,5453; 33,7120; 33,6714 e 33,8836 para o Quadrado Médio do Resíduo (QMR) e de 0,9650; 0,8302; 0,9649 e 0,9647 para o Coeficiente de Determinação (R2). Todos os modelos tenderam a descrever adequadamente a curva de crescimento destes animais, porém, de acordo com os métodos adotados para escolha do modelo mais adequado, Von Bertarlanffy apresentou o melhor ajuste. Todos os modelos demonstraram correlação alta e negativa entre os parâmetros A e k, indicando que animais mais precoces possuem menor probabilidade de atingir pesos mais elevados aos 210 dias de idade.(AU)

Growth curves of texel male lambs

Background: The consumption of lamb meat is growing due to improved farming methods. However, to be economically feasible, the animal should stand out for its precocity, fast finishing and muscular force, such as seen in Texel breed. Besides, knowledge about weight gain and development can facilitate the selection of the best animals, and allow a better fitting to farming systems. Growth curves are an effective method that describes animal development, modeling the relationship between weight and age and help to predict the growth rate. Thus, this study aimed to analyze which nonlinear model, including Brody, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy and Logistic best describe the growth curve of Texel sheep.Materials, Methods & Results: In this experiment, the lambs were kept in confined system while the ewes, in a semi-extensive system. This study followed 42 Texel male lambs, which were confined from birth to slaughter, and fed concentrated feed (3% of body weight) and corn silage (average 1.5 kg/animal/day), 4 times a day. The lambs were weighed fortnightly, in different classes considered as follows, weight at birth (BW), 15 days (P15), 30 days (P30), 45 days (P45), 60 days (P60), 75 days (P75), 90 days (P90), 105 days (P105), and 120 days (P120), which was defined as the slaughtering weight. The growth curves were determined using the nonlinear models of Brody, Von Bertalanffy, [...](AU)

Growth curves of texel male lambs

Background: The consumption of lamb meat is growing due to improved farming methods. However, to be economically feasible, the animal should stand out for its precocity, fast finishing and muscular force, such as seen in Texel breed. Besides, knowledge about weight gain and development can facilitate the selection of the best animals, and allow a better fitting to farming systems. Growth curves are an effective method that describes animal development, modeling the relationship between weight and age and help to predict the growth rate. Thus, this study aimed to analyze which nonlinear model, including Brody, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy and Logistic best describe the growth curve of Texel sheep.Materials, Methods & Results: In this experiment, the lambs were kept in confined system while the ewes, in a semi-extensive system. This study followed 42 Texel male lambs, which were confined from birth to slaughter, and fed concentrated feed (3% of body weight) and corn silage (average 1.5 kg/animal/day), 4 times a day. The lambs were weighed fortnightly, in different classes considered as follows, weight at birth (BW), 15 days (P15), 30 days (P30), 45 days (P45), 60 days (P60), 75 days (P75), 90 days (P90), 105 days (P105), and 120 days (P120), which was defined as the slaughtering weight. The growth curves were determined using the nonlinear models of Brody, Von Bertalanffy, [...]

Growth curves for Ile de France ram lambs raised in feedlot / Curvas de crescimento de cordeiros da raça Ile de France criados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonlinear models that best describe the growth curve of ram lambs Ile de France created in intensive system in the state of Paraná. Therefore, there were weighed fortnightly during the period from February 2013 to June 2013, from birth to slaughter (120 days) of 31 Ile de France ram lambs. Growth curves were obtained by nonlinear models Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic in which parameters were considered maturation rate (K), asymptotic weight (A), age of the animal (t) is given by integration determining the proportion of growth after birth (B) and the proportion of asymptotic value at which the inflection point occurs curve (m) in accordance with the adopted model. The parameters were estimated by Marquardt applied to the NLIN procedure of SAS statistical program and the criteria used to verify the accuracy of the fit of the curves were the mean square of the coefficient of determination. The Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic resulted respectively in 26.4579; 26.1668; 26.136; 26.1582 for the mean square and 0.813; 0.958; 0.958; 0.958 for the coefficient of determination. Considering the criteria assumed the Gompertz model, followed by Logistic and Von Bertalanffy, presented the best fit to describe the growth of Ile de France ram lambs.(AU)

O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os modelos não lineares que melhor descrevem a curva de crescimento de ovinos machos da raça Ile de France criados em confinamento no estado do Paraná. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesagens quinzenais no período de fevereiro de 2013 a junho de 2013, desde o nascimento até o abate (120 dias) de 31 machos da raça Ile de France. As curvas de crescimento foram obtidas pelos modelos não lineares de Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e Logístico em que foram considerados os parâmetros da taxa de maturação (K), peso assintótico (A), idade do animal (t), constante de integração que determina a proporção de crescimento após nascimento (B) e proporção do valor assintótico em que ocorre o ponto de inflexão da curva (m), de acordo com o modelo adotado. Os parâmetros foram estimados pelo método Marquardt aplicado ao procedimento NLIN do programa estatístico SAS e os critérios utilizados para verificar a precisão do ajuste das curvas foram o quadrado médio do resíduo e o coeficiente de determinação. Os modelos Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e Logístico resultaram respectivamente em 26,4579; 26,1668; 26,1360 e 26,1582 para o quadrado médio do resíduo e 0,8130; 0,9580; 0,9587 e 0,9580 para o coeficiente de determinação.(AU)

Growth curves for Ile de France ram lambs raised in feedlot / Curvas de crescimento de cordeiros da raça Ile de France criados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonlinear models that best describe the growth curve of ram lambs Ile de France created in intensive system in the state of Paraná. Therefore, there were weighed fortnightly during the period from February 2013 to June 2013, from birth to slaughter (120 days) of 31 Ile de France ram lambs. Growth curves were obtained by nonlinear models Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic in which parameters were considered maturation rate (K), asymptotic weight (A), age of the animal (t) is given by integration determining the proportion of growth after birth (B) and the proportion of asymptotic value at which the inflection point occurs curve (m) in accordance with the adopted model. The parameters were estimated by Marquardt applied to the NLIN procedure of SAS statistical program and the criteria used to verify the accuracy of the fit of the curves were the mean square of the coefficient of determination. The Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic resulted respectively in 26.4579; 26.1668; 26.136; 26.1582 for the mean square and 0.813; 0.958; 0.958; 0.958 for the coefficient of determination. Considering the criteria assumed the Gompertz model, followed by Logistic and Von Bertalanffy, presented the best fit to describe the growth of Ile de France ram lambs.

O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os modelos não lineares que melhor descrevem a curva de crescimento de ovinos machos da raça Ile de France criados em confinamento no estado do Paraná. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesagens quinzenais no período de fevereiro de 2013 a junho de 2013, desde o nascimento até o abate (120 dias) de 31 machos da raça Ile de France. As curvas de crescimento foram obtidas pelos modelos não lineares de Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e Logístico em que foram considerados os parâmetros da taxa de maturação (K), peso assintótico (A), idade do animal (t), constante de integração que determina a proporção de crescimento após nascimento (B) e proporção do valor assintótico em que ocorre o ponto de inflexão da curva (m), de acordo com o modelo adotado. Os parâmetros foram estimados pelo método Marquardt aplicado ao procedimento NLIN do programa estatístico SAS e os critérios utilizados para verificar a precisão do ajuste das curvas foram o quadrado médio do resíduo e o coeficiente de determinação. Os modelos Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e Logístico resultaram respectivamente em 26,4579; 26,1668; 26,1360 e 26,1582 para o quadrado médio do resíduo e 0,8130; 0,9580; 0,9587 e 0,9580 para o coeficiente de determinação.

Degradação ruminal da silagem de milho e da palha de arroz utilizando enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas / Ruminal degradation of corn silage and rice straw using exogenous fibrolityc enzymes

Estudou-se o efeito da adição de enzimas fibrolíticas (celulase e xilanase) sobre a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e hemicelulose da silagem de milho (SM) e da palha de arroz (PA), utilizando seis bovinos fistulados no rúmen. Também foi avaliada a proporção de nitrogênio (N) insolúvel em detergente ácido em relação ao N total (NIDA/N total). As enzimas fibrolíticas foram extraídas dos fungos Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma longibrachiatum, sendo fornecido 0,75 g kg-1 de MS animal-1 dia-1, via cânula ruminal. Os tempos de incubação foram: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 h. Os resíduos de incubação foram comparados por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A fração solúvel da MS e da PB da silagem de milho aumentou com a adição de enzimas fibrolíticas. Não houve efeito das enzimas sobre a degradação da parede celular dos volumosos. A adição de enzimas não alterou o teor de NIDA/N total da silagem de milho, porém aumentou esta proporção nos resíduos da palha de arroz incubados durante 12 e 48 h. As observações ao MEV indicaram aumento da colonização bacteriana sobre a parede celular dos volumosos, mas sem efeito sobre a degradação ruminal. (AU)

This study evaluated the effect of fibrolytic enzyme addition (cellulase and xylanase) on the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose in situ degradability of corn silage (CS) and rice straw (RS), using six cattle cannulated on the rumen. Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN/total N) was evaluated. The fibrolytic enzymes were extracted from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum fungi, supplied at 0.75 g kg-1 of DM animal-1 day-1, through ruminal cannula. The incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The incubation residues were compared by scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Soluble fraction of DM and CP corn silage increased with enzyme supplementation. There was no effect of enzymes on the cell wall degradation of roughages. The enzyme addition did not alter the ADIN/total N level of corn silage; however, this ratio was increased on the rice straw incubated during 12 and 48 h. In general, the SEM observations showed increased bacterial colonization on the cell wall of roughages with fibrolytic enzymes addition, although without effect on ruminal degradation. (AU)

Degradação ruminal da silagem de milho e da palha de arroz utilizando enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas / Ruminal degradation of corn silage and rice straw using exogenous fibrolityc enzymes

Estudou-se o efeito da adição de enzimas fibrolíticas (celulase e xilanase) sobre a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e hemicelulose da silagem de milho (SM) e da palha de arroz (PA), utilizando seis bovinos fistulados no rúmen. Também foi avaliada a proporção de nitrogênio (N) insolúvel em detergente ácido em relação ao N total (NIDA/N total). As enzimas fibrolíticas foram extraídas dos fungos Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma longibrachiatum, sendo fornecido 0,75 g kg-1 de MS animal-1 dia-1, via cânula ruminal. Os tempos de incubação foram: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 h. Os resíduos de incubação foram comparados por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A fração solúvel da MS e da PB da silagem de milho aumentou com a adição de enzimas fibrolíticas. Não houve efeito das enzimas sobre a degradação da parede celular dos volumosos. A adição de enzimas não alterou o teor de NIDA/N total da silagem de milho, porém aumentou esta proporção nos resíduos da palha de arroz incubados durante 12 e 48 h. As observações ao MEV indicaram aumento da colonização bacteriana sobre a parede celular dos volumosos, mas sem efeito sobre a degradação ruminal.

This study evaluated the effect of fibrolytic enzyme addition (cellulase and xylanase) on the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose in situ degradability of corn silage (CS) and rice straw (RS), using six cattle cannulated on the rumen. Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN/total N) was evaluated. The fibrolytic enzymes were extracted from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum fungi, supplied at 0.75 g kg-1 of DM animal-1 day-1, through ruminal cannula. The incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The incubation residues were compared by scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Soluble fraction of DM and CP corn silage increased with enzyme supplementation. There was no effect of enzymes on the cell wall degradation of roughages. The enzyme addition did not alter the ADIN/total N level of corn silage; however, this ratio was increased on the rice straw incubated during 12 and 48 h. In general, the SEM observations showed increased bacterial colonization on the cell wall of roughages with fibrolytic enzymes addition, although without effect on ruminal degradation.

Carcaça e carne de novilhos cruzas Pardo Suíço x Canchim e Purunã x Canchim terminados em confinamento / Feedlot performance and carcass and meat traits of crossbred Braunvieh x Canchim and Purunã x Canchim

O trabalho teve os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho em confinamento e as características da carcaça e da carne de novilhos inteiros dos grupos genéticos ½ Pardo Suíço + ½ Canchim (1B1C), ½ Purunã + ½ Canchim (1P1C) e ¾ Purunã + » Canchim (3P1C). Foram utilizados 23 novilhos inteiros com idade média de 22 meses, que permaneceram confinados por 145 dias. O aumento da proporção de genes Purunã na composição racial dos animais de 50 por cento para 75 por cento no cruzamento com Canchim resultou em incrementos de peso no abate (PA) e de ganho de peso (GMD) de 10,6 e, 12,1 por cento, respectivamente. Os animais 1B1C apresentaram PA e GMD semelhantes aos animais 3P1C e superiores aos animais 1P1C. O consumo de matéria seca (MS) e o GMD não diferiram entre animais dos grupos 1B1C e 3P1C, ambos apresentando consumo e GMD superiores aos dos animais 1P1C (8,87; 7,97 e 7,02kg de MS animal-1 dia-1, e, 1,62; 1,41 e 1,58kg animal-1 dia-1, respectivamente). Animais 1B1C e 3P1C apresentaram carcaças 12,1 por cento mais pesadas que os animais 1P1C. A conformação da carcaça dos animais 1B1C foi superior (15,0 pontos) em relação aos 1P1C e 3P1C (13,2 e 13,6 pontos, respectivamente). Animais 1B1C e 3P1C demonstraram valores similares para marmoreio da carne (7,5 e 6,6 pontos, respectivamente), e superiores em relação ao 1P1C (4,8 pontos). A produção de animais F1 Pardo Suíço x Canchin é mais interessante ao produtor, devido à maior velocidade de ganho de peso e maior peso de carcaça, ao frigorífico, por obter carcaças de melhor conformação e grau de acabamento, e ao consumidor, por apresentar maior grau de marmorização da carne e textura mais fina.(AU)

The research had the objectives of evaluating feedlot performance as well as carcass and meat traits of 23 young bulls from three genetic groups: ½ Braunvieh + ½ Canchim (1B1C), ½ Purunã + ½ Canchim (1P1C) and ¾ Purunã + » Canchim (3P1C). The experimental animals were 22 months old, on average, at the beginning and remained in total confinement during 145 days. The increase in the proportion of Purunã gens, from 50 percent to 75 percent, in the cross with Canchim, brought about increment of slaughter weight (SW) and weight gain (GW) of 10.6 and, 12.1 percent, respectively. Animals 1B1C were superior to the 1P1c animals and similar to the 3P1C ones with respect to SW and GW. Likewise, the feed intake and GW were similar between animals of the1B1C and 3P1C, both being superior to the ½ P + ½ C animals. (8.87, 7.97 and 7.02kg animal-1 day-1; and, 1.62, 1.41 and 1.58kg animal-1 day-1, respectively). The 1B1C and 3P1C animals produced carcasses weighing 12.1 percent more than those of the 1P1C animals. Better carcass conformation scores were observed for the 1B1C animals in comparison to those from the1P1C and 3P1C ones. The group averages for this trait were 15.0 points versus 13.2 and 13.6 points, respectively. The 1B1C and 3P1C groups had similar averages for marbling score of the meat (7.5 and 6.6 points, respectively), both being superior to the ½ P + ½ C group that had an average marbling score of 4.8 points. The production of F1 Braunvieh x Canchim animals is advantageous for the entire beef cattle production chain. The producer benefits because these animals yield heavier carcass weight; the slaughter plants also gain with the better carcass conformation and degree of finish; and, finally, the consumer because the meat of these animals has better marbling and texture scores.(AU)

Growth curves for Ile de France female sheep raised in feedlot / Curvas de crescimento de fêmeas da raça Ile de France criadas em confinamento

The objective of the present study was to analize the non-linear models that best fit the growth of ewes Ile de France. The experiment was conducted in school farm Capão da Onça, located in city of Ponta Grossa - PR and so, were used data on weight at birth to 210 days of age of 34 females of the breed Ile de France. The animals showed mean weight at birth (PN) of 4,58 kilograms, weaning weight (P60) of 19,58 kilograms and weight at 210 days (P210) equal to 43,18 kilograms, providing daily weight gain (GMD) equal to 0,183 kg/day. The non-linear models used were: Brody, Von Bentarlanffy, Logístic and Gompertz, presenting results, respectively, of 33.5453; 33.7120; 33.6714 and 33.8836 for Error Mean Square (EMS) and 0.9650; 0.8302; 0.9649 and 0.9647 for coefficient of determination (R2). All models tended to describe accordingly the curve of animals growth, but, according to the methods adopted to select the most appropriate model, Von Bertarlanffy showed the best fit. All models presented high and negative correlation between the A and k parameters, indicating that the most precocious animals are less likely to reach elevated weights for 210 days of age.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os modelos não lineares que melhor se ajustam ao crescimento de fêmeas da raça Ile de France. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça, localizada no município de Ponta Grossa - PR e para tanto, foram utilizados dados de peso ao nascimento até os 210 dias de idade de 34 fêmeas da raça Ile de France. Os animais apresentaram médias de peso ao nascer (PN) de 4,58 kg, peso a desmama (P60) de 19,58 kg e peso aos 210 dias (P210) igual a 43,18 kg, proporcionando ganho de peso médio diário do nascimento aos 210 dias (GMD) igual a 0,183 kg/dia. Os modelos não lineares utilizados foram: Brody, Von Bentarlanffy, Logístico e Gompertz, apresentando resultados, respectivamente, de 33,5453; 33,7120; 33,6714 e 33,8836 para o Quadrado Médio do Resíduo (QMR) e de 0,9650; 0,8302; 0,9649 e 0,9647 para o Coeficiente de Determinação (R2). Todos os modelos tenderam a descrever adequadamente a curva de crescimento destes animais, porém, de acordo com os métodos adotados para escolha do modelo mais adequado, Von Bertarlanffy apresentou o melhor ajuste. Todos os modelos demonstraram correlação alta e negativa entre os parâmetros A e k, indicando que animais mais precoces possuem menor probabilidade de atingir pesos mais elevados aos 210 dias de idade.

Enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas na alimentação de bovinos

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