Tratamento da epilepsia idiopática canina - quadro clínico após interação medicamentosa / Treatment of canine idiopathic epilepsy - clinical picture after drug interaction

Background: The large number of diseases demand perennial development of the pharmaceutical industry. The drugtesting phase is essential to make them available safely. Awareness of pharmacological properties, adverse effects and drug interactions is required. Drug interactions are common in veterinary medicine and should be avoided. At times, epileptic seizures require polydrug therapy, predisposing patients to drug interactions. The interaction between carbamazepine and phenobarbital reported in the literature is an example. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical picture of drug interaction in the treatment of idiopathic epilepsy. Case: A 1-year-old Border Collie male dog, was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras in post-ictal. The tutor reported that a year ago the animal had epileptic seizures and clusters with intervals of 21 to 25 days. Despite the continued use of previously prescribed phenobarbital (7.4 mg/kg, v.o., BID, until new recommendations) and carbamazepine (7.5 mg/kg, v.o., BID, until new recommendations), seizure control was not achieved. The physical examination indicated, tachypnea, ptialism, mydriasis, intense fatigue, and alienation from the environment. The patient did not respond to the threat-reflex test. Blood count, hepatic and renal blood chemistry, serum electrolyte (potassium, sodium, calcium and phosphorus), and phenobarbital dosages were requested. Based on the animal's history, breed characteristics, and alterations in the physical examination associated with normal results in complementary exams, idiopathic epilepsy was diagnosed. After analyzing the case, it was observed that the inefficiency in the control of seizures was possibly due to the drug interaction between phenobarbital and carbamazepine. Carbamazepine and phenobarbital reciprocally reduce their half-lives. To confirm the raised hypothesis, the serum concentration of carbamazepine was gradually reduced through weaning from its dose administered to the patient. Serial dosage of the concentration of phenobarbital in the bloodstream was performed. As a result, the serum phenobarbital, previously dosed at a concentration of 13.3 mg/dL with concomitant administration of carbamazepine, increased to 22 mg/dL 40 days after the beginning of weaning from carbamazepine (T0), and then to 36 mg/dL 100 days after T0. There was an increase in the concentration of phenobarbital in the bloodstream while the serum concentration of carbamazepine declined. The patient spaced out his seizures to every 50 to 60 days with phenobarbital monotherapy at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Discussion: Efficient control of clusters, such as the reduction of seizures by 50%, was only possible due to the meticulous perception of the possible interaction reported in medicine. Carbamazepine and phenobarbital are P450 isoenzyme inducers. The concomitant administration of both drugs potentiated the action of isoenzymes in the hepatic microsomal system, which led to an accelerated metabolic processing of the drugs. After weaning from carbamazepine, that is, reducing the action of carbamazepine on the isoenzymes of the P450 enzyme system, the concentration of phenobarbital normalized at 36 mg/ dL. Such concentration is within the reference range reported in the literature: 25 mg/dL to 35 mg/dL of serum phenobarbital for treatment efficacy. Therefore, the control of convulsive crises was achieved. The increase in the concentration of phenobarbital due only to weaning from carbamazepine, even after decreasing the daily dose of barbiturate prescribed to the animal, contributed to evidence of the interaction of these drugs. It is noted that prior knowledge of pharmacological properties, careful study of the patient's history, and the cooperation of the tutor were essential for the therapeutic success and practice of evidence-based veterinary medicine.

Sarcoma de sítio de aplicação em felinos / Feline injection-site sarcoma

Sarcomas de sítio de aplicação são neoplasias malignas de origem mesenquimal caracterizadas pelo comportamento biológico agressivo. Apesar da extensa pesquisa, a patogênese da doença ainda não está totalmente esclarecida, acredita-se que a administração de vacinas, medicamentos e outros injetáveis no tecido subcutâneo ou intramuscular em gatos predispostos, possa induzir uma reação inflamatória crônica e, posteriormente, a transformação neoplásica. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio da biópsia, porém deve ser feito avaliação da extensão do tumor primário, o estadiamento padrão e a avaliação geral da saúde desses pacientes. A abordagem terapêutica multimodal, associando a excisão cirúrgica radical à radioterapia, quimioterapia ou imunoterapia, tem demonstrado melhores resultados. A escolha do local de injeção, frequência de vacinação e recomendações para reduzir a reação inflamatória são considerações importantes para a prevenção. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer uma visão geral do atual conhecimento sobre sarcoma de sítio de aplicação em felinos.

Injection-site sarcomas are malignant neoplasms whose mesenchymal origin is characterized by aggressive biological behavior, developing from various tissues, being fibrosarcoma the most common histological type in felines. Despite wide research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still not fully understood, the most accepted hypothesis suggests that administration of vaccines, medications and other injectables into the subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue of predisposed cats may induce a chronic inflammatory reaction and, subsequently, neoplastic transformation. Related to epidemiology, it presents low prevalence and high rates of regress even after aggressive treatments. The diagnosis is performed through biopsy and histopathological examination, assessmentof the extent of the primary tumor, the standard staging and general evaluation of the health of these patients. The multimodal therapeutic approach, associating radical surgical excision with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, has shown better results. Choosing the injection site, frequency of vaccination and recommendations to reduce the inflammatory reaction are important considerations for prevention. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on feline application site sarcoma.

Sarcoma de sítio de aplicação em felinos / Feline injection-site sarcoma

Sarcomas de sítio de aplicação são neoplasias malignas de origem mesenquimal caracterizadas pelo comportamento biológico agressivo. Apesar da extensa pesquisa, a patogênese da doença ainda não está totalmente esclarecida, acredita-se que a administração de vacinas, medicamentos e outros injetáveis no tecido subcutâneo ou intramuscular em gatos predispostos, possa induzir uma reação inflamatória crônica e, posteriormente, a transformação neoplásica. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio da biópsia, porém deve ser feito avaliação da extensão do tumor primário, o estadiamento padrão e a avaliação geral da saúde desses pacientes. A abordagem terapêutica multimodal, associando a excisão cirúrgica radical à radioterapia, quimioterapia ou imunoterapia, tem demonstrado melhores resultados. A escolha do local de injeção, frequência de vacinação e recomendações para reduzir a reação inflamatória são considerações importantes para a prevenção. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer uma visão geral do atual conhecimento sobre sarcoma de sítio de aplicação em felinos.(AU)

Injection-site sarcomas are malignant neoplasms whose mesenchymal origin is characterized by aggressive biological behavior, developing from various tissues, being fibrosarcoma the most common histological type in felines. Despite wide research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still not fully understood, the most accepted hypothesis suggests that administration of vaccines, medications and other injectables into the subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue of predisposed cats may induce a chronic inflammatory reaction and, subsequently, neoplastic transformation. Related to epidemiology, it presents low prevalence and high rates of regress even after aggressive treatments. The diagnosis is performed through biopsy and histopathological examination, assessmentof the extent of the primary tumor, the standard staging and general evaluation of the health of these patients. The multimodal therapeutic approach, associating radical surgical excision with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, has shown better results. Choosing the injection site, frequency of vaccination and recommendations to reduce the inflammatory reaction are important considerations for prevention. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on feline application site sarcoma.(AU)

Intoxicación por metronidazol en gata: reporte de caso / Metronidazole intoxication in cat: case report / Intoxicação por metronidazol em gata: relato de caso

El metronidazol es un antibiótico de la clase de los nitroimidazoles, de uso frecuente en clínica de pequeños animales, especialmente para el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas anaeróbicas e infecciones protozoarias. Por presentar una alta biodisponibilidad y cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica, se puede acumular en el sistema nervioso central e inducir señales de neurotoxicidad. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar el caso de envenenamiento de una gata después de la administración de metronidazol para el tratamiento de la giardiasis. Se observó letargia, vómitos, ataxia, hipermetría, nistagmo vertical en ambos ojos y déficit de propiocepción en las extremidades posteriores. Debido a la sintomatología clínica se suspendió inmediatamente la administración de metronidazol y se estableció un tratamiento de soporte. Cinco días después de la discontinuación de la droga no se observaron cualquier trastorno neurológico.(AU)

Metronidazole is an antibiotic of the nitroimidazole class, often used in the medical practice of small animals, primarily for the treatment of protozoal and bacterial anaerobic infections. Because it is highly bioavailable and crosses the blood-brain barrier, it can accumulate in the central nervous system and induce signs of neurotoxicity. The objective of this work is to report the case of intoxication of a cat after administration of metronidazole for the treatment of giardiasis. Lethargy, vomiting, ataxia, hypermetria, vertical nystagmus in both eyes and proprioception deficit in the pelvic limbs were observed. Due to clinical symptomatology, administration of metronidazole was immediately discontinued and support treatment was instituted. Five days after discontinuation of the drug no further neurological changes were observed.(AU)

O metronidazol é um antibiótico da classe dos nitroimidazóis, frequentemente utilizado na clínica médica de pequenos animais, principalmente para o tratamento de infecções protozoárias e bacterianas anaeróbicas. Por apresentar alta biodisponibilidade e atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica, este pode acumular-se no sistema nervoso central e induzir sinais de neurotoxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de intoxicação de uma gata após a administração de metronidazol para o tratamento de giardíase. Foram observadas letargia, vômitos, ataxia, hipermetria, nistagmo vertical em ambos os olhos e déficit de propriocepção em membros pélvicos. Devido à sintomatologia clínica foi suspensa imediatamente a administração do metronidazol e instituído tratamento suporte. Cinco dias após a suspensão do fármaco não foram mais observadas nenhuma alteração neurológica.(AU)

Intoxicación por metronidazol en gata: reporte de caso / Metronidazole intoxication in cat: case report / Intoxicação por metronidazol em gata: relato de caso

El metronidazol es un antibiótico de la clase de los nitroimidazoles, de uso frecuente en clínica de pequeños animales, especialmente para el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas anaeróbicas e infecciones protozoarias. Por presentar una alta biodisponibilidad y cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica, se puede acumular en el sistema nervioso central e inducir señales de neurotoxicidad. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar el caso de envenenamiento de una gata después de la administración de metronidazol para el tratamiento de la giardiasis. Se observó letargia, vómitos, ataxia, hipermetría, nistagmo vertical en ambos ojos y déficit de propiocepción en las extremidades posteriores. Debido a la sintomatología clínica se suspendió inmediatamente la administración de metronidazol y se estableció un tratamiento de soporte. Cinco días después de la discontinuación de la droga no se observaron cualquier trastorno neurológico.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic of the nitroimidazole class, often used in the medical practice of small animals, primarily for the treatment of protozoal and bacterial anaerobic infections. Because it is highly bioavailable and crosses the blood-brain barrier, it can accumulate in the central nervous system and induce signs of neurotoxicity. The objective of this work is to report the case of intoxication of a cat after administration of metronidazole for the treatment of giardiasis. Lethargy, vomiting, ataxia, hypermetria, vertical nystagmus in both eyes and proprioception deficit in the pelvic limbs were observed. Due to clinical symptomatology, administration of metronidazole was immediately discontinued and support treatment was instituted. Five days after discontinuation of the drug no further neurological changes were observed.

O metronidazol é um antibiótico da classe dos nitroimidazóis, frequentemente utilizado na clínica médica de pequenos animais, principalmente para o tratamento de infecções protozoárias e bacterianas anaeróbicas. Por apresentar alta biodisponibilidade e atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica, este pode acumular-se no sistema nervoso central e induzir sinais de neurotoxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de intoxicação de uma gata após a administração de metronidazol para o tratamento de giardíase. Foram observadas letargia, vômitos, ataxia, hipermetria, nistagmo vertical em ambos os olhos e déficit de propriocepção em membros pélvicos. Devido à sintomatologia clínica foi suspensa imediatamente a administração do metronidazol e instituído tratamento suporte. Cinco dias após a suspensão do fármaco não foram mais observadas nenhuma alteração neurológica.

Piotórax crônico em cão por vagem de Acácia Imperial (Cassia fistula) / Chronic Pyothorax in a dog due pod of acacia imperial (Cassia fistula)

Background: Pyothorax is characterized by the accumulation of septic purulent fluid within the pleural space. Most of the times, it is the true identified infection way in only 2 to 22% of dog cases. Reports show that the most common cause is the migration of grass edges and plant materials, mainly in regions of California, USA. The current study reports an unusual case of a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long, causing chronic Pyothorax in a Border Collie female dog. Case: It was admitted in a Teaching Veterinary Hospital a 2-year-old female Border Collie, weighing 16.5 kg. The complaint was producing of severe cough, dyspnoea, hyporexia and loss of weight in the past three months. The animal could have been horse-kicked, as it is used to herding. In the physical examination, it was detected bilateral thick lung crepitations, more evident in the ventral skull area, dyspnoea, tachypnea, fever, splenomegaly and low body condition score (3/9). The laboratory tests revealed nonregenerative anemia and leukemoid reaction. The chest x-ray showed intense pulmonary opacification and free fluids in the pleural space along with a heterogenic cylindrical image of the mixed radiopacity. This image was then confirmed as the intrathoracic foreing body by the use of a computerized tomography. In this exam it was also possible to observe the damage of part of the middle and inferior right lung lobe. The cytology of the pleural effusion found mixed inflammation and coccoid bacteria, and the microbiological culture Streptococcus sp., and Escherichia coli. The dog underwent thoracotomy in order to remove the foreign body, which was later identified as being a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long. Due to the intense lung damage, a right pneumonectomy was required. After 30 days the animal was fully recovered.[...]

Piotórax crônico em cão por vagem de Acácia Imperial (Cassia fistula) / Chronic Pyothorax in a dog due pod of acacia imperial (Cassia fistula)

Background: Pyothorax is characterized by the accumulation of septic purulent fluid within the pleural space. Most of the times, it is the true identified infection way in only 2 to 22% of dog cases. Reports show that the most common cause is the migration of grass edges and plant materials, mainly in regions of California, USA. The current study reports an unusual case of a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long, causing chronic Pyothorax in a Border Collie female dog. Case: It was admitted in a Teaching Veterinary Hospital a 2-year-old female Border Collie, weighing 16.5 kg. The complaint was producing of severe cough, dyspnoea, hyporexia and loss of weight in the past three months. The animal could have been horse-kicked, as it is used to herding. In the physical examination, it was detected bilateral thick lung crepitations, more evident in the ventral skull area, dyspnoea, tachypnea, fever, splenomegaly and low body condition score (3/9). The laboratory tests revealed nonregenerative anemia and leukemoid reaction. The chest x-ray showed intense pulmonary opacification and free fluids in the pleural space along with a heterogenic cylindrical image of the mixed radiopacity. This image was then confirmed as the intrathoracic foreing body by the use of a computerized tomography. In this exam it was also possible to observe the damage of part of the middle and inferior right lung lobe. The cytology of the pleural effusion found mixed inflammation and coccoid bacteria, and the microbiological culture Streptococcus sp., and Escherichia coli. The dog underwent thoracotomy in order to remove the foreign body, which was later identified as being a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long. Due to the intense lung damage, a right pneumonectomy was required. After 30 days the animal was fully recovered.[...](AU)

Tonometria da artéria femoral em cães saudáveis e com doença valvar mitral degenerativa crônica / Tonometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs and in those with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease

A tonometria de aplanação é um método capaz de aferir a pressão sanguínea dentro de uma artéria. Além de especulações sobre a razão das variações de amplitude as ondas de pulso femoral em cães com doença degenerativa valvar mitral crônica (DVMDC), em medicina, já está demonstrado que muitos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca em pessoas são atribuíveis a anormalidades funcionais vasculares periféricas e não estão muito associados com parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da tonometria vascular em cães e avaliar as medidas de pressão na artéria femoral de cães saudáveis e compará-las com as de cães com regurgitação mitral devido a DVMDC. Além disso, os parâmetros tonométricos foram correlacionados com índices cardíacos obtidos pela ecocardiografia. Os dados foram obtidos de 10 cães saudáveis e de 10 cães com DVMDC com regurgitação mitral à ecocardiografia. Observou-se que o período de pré-condução da onda de pulso foi significantemente menor nos animais com DVMDC do que nos saudáveis. Houve uma forte correlação entre a pressão sistólica da artéria femoral com parâmetros determinantes da função sistólica do coração, nos animais saudáveis. A tonometria por aplanação da artéria femoral foi uma técnica aplicável em cães

Applanation tonometry is a method capable of measuring blood pressure in an artery. In addition to speculation about the reason for the variations in amplitude of femoral pulse waves in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD), in medicine, it has been demonstrated that many symptoms of heart failure in people are attributable to peripheral vascular functional abnormalities, and they are not highly associated with central hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to verify the applicability of the vascular tonometry in dogs, to evaluate the pressure measures of the femoral artery in healthy dogs, and compare them with those of dogs with mitral regurgitation due to CDMVD. Moreover, the parameters established for tonometry were correlated with cardiac index obtained by echocardiography. For this, the data were obtained from 10 healthy dogs and 10 dogs with CDMVD with mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. We observed that the pre-conduction period of the femoral pulse wave was significantly lower in CDMVD than in healthy animals. There was a strong correlation between systolic pressure of the femoral artery with determining parameters of cardiac systolic function in healthy animals. The applanation tonometry of the femoral artery was an applicable technique in dogs

Tonometria da artéria femoral em cães saudáveis e com doença valvar mitral degenerativa crônica / Tonometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs and in those with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease

A tonometria de aplanação é um método capaz de aferir a pressão sanguínea dentro de uma artéria. Além de especulações sobre a razão das variações de amplitude as ondas de pulso femoral em cães com doença degenerativa valvar mitral crônica (DVMDC), em medicina, já está demonstrado que muitos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca em pessoas são atribuíveis a anormalidades funcionais vasculares periféricas e não estão muito associados com parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da tonometria vascular em cães e avaliar as medidas de pressão na artéria femoral de cães saudáveis e compará-las com as de cães com regurgitação mitral devido a DVMDC. Além disso, os parâmetros tonométricos foram correlacionados com índices cardíacos obtidos pela ecocardiografia. Os dados foram obtidos de 10 cães saudáveis e de 10 cães com DVMDC com regurgitação mitral à ecocardiografia. Observou-se que o período de pré-condução da onda de pulso foi significantemente menor nos animais com DVMDC do que nos saudáveis. Houve uma forte correlação entre a pressão sistólica da artéria femoral com parâmetros determinantes da função sistólica do coração, nos animais saudáveis. A tonometria por aplanação da artéria femoral foi uma técnica aplicável em cães(AU)

Applanation tonometry is a method capable of measuring blood pressure in an artery. In addition to speculation about the reason for the variations in amplitude of femoral pulse waves in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD), in medicine, it has been demonstrated that many symptoms of heart failure in people are attributable to peripheral vascular functional abnormalities, and they are not highly associated with central hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to verify the applicability of the vascular tonometry in dogs, to evaluate the pressure measures of the femoral artery in healthy dogs, and compare them with those of dogs with mitral regurgitation due to CDMVD. Moreover, the parameters established for tonometry were correlated with cardiac index obtained by echocardiography. For this, the data were obtained from 10 healthy dogs and 10 dogs with CDMVD with mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. We observed that the pre-conduction period of the femoral pulse wave was significantly lower in CDMVD than in healthy animals. There was a strong correlation between systolic pressure of the femoral artery with determining parameters of cardiac systolic function in healthy animals. The applanation tonometry of the femoral artery was an applicable technique in dogs(AU)

TONOMETRIA DA ARTÉRIA FEMORAL EM CÃES SAUDÁVEIS E COM DOENÇA VALVAR MITRAL DEGENERATIVA CRÔNICA

Abstract Applanation tonometry is a method capable of measuring blood pressure in an artery. In addition to speculation about the reason for the variations in amplitude of femoral pulse waves in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD), in medicine, it has been demonstrated that many symptoms of heart failure in people are attributable to peripheral vascular functional abnormalities, and they are not highly associated with central hemodynamic parameters. Thus, this study aimed to verify the applicability of the vascular tonometry in dogs, to evaluate the pressure measures of the femoral artery in healthy dogs, and compare them with those of dogs with mitral regurgitation due to CDMVD. Moreover, the parameters established for tonometry were correlated with cardiac index obtained by echocardiography. For this, the data were obtained from 10 healthy dogs and 10 dogs with CDMVD with mitral regurgitation on echocardiography. We observed that the pre-conduction period of the femoral pulse wave was significantly lower in CDMVD than in healthy animals. There was a strong correlation between systolic pressure of the femoral artery with determining parameters of cardiac systolic function in healthy animals. The applanation tonometry of the femoral artery was an applicable technique in dogs.

Resumo A tonometria de aplanação é um método capaz de aferir a pressão sanguínea dentro de uma artéria. Além de especulações sobre a razão das variações de amplitude das ondas de pulso femoral em cães com doença degenerativa valvar mitral crônica (DVMDC), em medicina, já está demonstrado que muitos sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca em pessoas são atribuíveis a anormalidades funcionais vasculares periféricas e não estão muito associados com parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da tonometria vascular em cães, avaliar as medidas de pressão na artéria femoral de cães saudáveis e compará-las com as de cães com regurgitação mitral devido à DVMDC. Os parâmetros tonométricos ainda foram correlacionados com índices cardíacos obtidos pela ecocardiografia. Os dados foram obtidos de 10 cães saudáveis e de 10 cães com DVMDC com regurgitação mitral à ecocardiografia. Observou-se que o período de pré-condução da onda de pulso foi significantemente menor nos animais com DVMDC do que nos saudáveis. Houve uma forte correlação entre a pressão sistólica da artéria femoral com parâmetros determinantes da função sistólica do coração nos animais saudáveis. A tonometria por aplanação da artéria femoral mostrou-se uma técnica aplicável em cães.

Multiple myeloma in a dog / Mieloma múltiplo em cão

Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects. Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells [...]

Multiple myeloma in a dog / Mieloma múltiplo em cão

Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects. Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells [...](AU)

Determinação da pressão venosa cefálica e jugular e em cães saudáveis / Determination of cephalic and jugular venous pressure in healthy dogs

Central venous pressure (CVP) is an important parameter for monitoring in various clinical and experimental situations. In veterinary patients, depending on the clinical or surgical approach, the temperament of the animal and your clinical status, the measurement of PVC cannot be performed properly. Thus, the measurement of the jugular venous pressure (JVP) and/or cephalic (CfVP) may be an method for estimating the systemic venous pressure in animals. Thus, this study aimed to determine and to correlate the measures of the JVP and PVCf obtained of healthy dogs. For this 10 healthy dogs were used. All animals were subjected to physical, hematologic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation. Any kind of sedation or anesthesia was used. The results showed JVP average values between 4 and -2 cm of water and CfPV between 2 and 16 cm of water. No correlation between JVP and the CfPV was found.

A pressão venosa central (PVC) é um importante parâmetro de monitorização nas mais diversas situações clínicas e experimentais. Em pacientes veterinários, dependendo da abordagem clínica ou cirúrgica, do temperamento do animal e de seu estado clínico, a aferição da PVC não pode ser realizada adequadamente. Assim, é possível que a medição das pressões venosas jugular (PVJ) e/ou cefálica (PVCf) possa ser capaz de estimar a pressão venosa central em animais. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou determinar e correlacionar as medidas da PVJ e da PVCf obtidas de cães saudáveis. Para isso foram utilizados 10 cães saudáveis. Todos os animais foram submetidos a avaliação física, hematológica, eletrocardiográfica e ecocardiográfica. Não foi utilizado qualquer tipo de sedação ou anestesia. Os resultados demonstraram valores médios da PVJ entre -2 e 4 cm de H2O e da PVCf entre 2 a 16 cm de H2O. Não foi observada correlação entre a PVJ e a PVCf.

Determinação da pressão venosa cefálica e jugular e em cães saudáveis / Determination of cephalic and jugular venous pressure in healthy dogs

Central venous pressure (CVP) is an important parameter for monitoring in various clinical and experimental situations. In veterinary patients, depending on the clinical or surgical approach, the temperament of the animal and your clinical status, the measurement of PVC cannot be performed properly. Thus, the measurement of the jugular venous pressure (JVP) and/or cephalic (CfVP) may be an method for estimating the systemic venous pressure in animals. Thus, this study aimed to determine and to correlate the measures of the JVP and PVCf obtained of healthy dogs. For this 10 healthy dogs were used. All animals were subjected to physical, hematologic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation. Any kind of sedation or anesthesia was used. The results showed JVP average values between 4 and -2 cm of water and CfPV between 2 and 16 cm of water. No correlation between JVP and the CfPV was found.(AU)

A pressão venosa central (PVC) é um importante parâmetro de monitorização nas mais diversas situações clínicas e experimentais. Em pacientes veterinários, dependendo da abordagem clínica ou cirúrgica, do temperamento do animal e de seu estado clínico, a aferição da PVC não pode ser realizada adequadamente. Assim, é possível que a medição das pressões venosas jugular (PVJ) e/ou cefálica (PVCf) possa ser capaz de estimar a pressão venosa central em animais. Desse modo, este estudo objetivou determinar e correlacionar as medidas da PVJ e da PVCf obtidas de cães saudáveis. Para isso foram utilizados 10 cães saudáveis. Todos os animais foram submetidos a avaliação física, hematológica, eletrocardiográfica e ecocardiográfica. Não foi utilizado qualquer tipo de sedação ou anestesia. Os resultados demonstraram valores médios da PVJ entre -2 e 4 cm de H2O e da PVCf entre 2 a 16 cm de H2O. Não foi observada correlação entre a PVJ e a PVCf.(AU)

Associação de sulfato de vincristina e Propionibacterium acnes no tratamento de papilomatose oral canina relato de caso / Association of vincristine sulfate and Propionibacterium acnes in treatment of canine oral papillomatosis - case report

The oral papillomatosis is a benign epithelial neoplasm of viral etiology that affects mainly young and immunosuppressed animals, characterized by the development of proliferative masses called papillomas. The therapy of this disease is controversial and there isnt a highly effective treatment protocol yet. This study aims to report the use of a therapeutic protocol involving vincristine sulfate to immunostimulatory the basis of Propionibacterium acnes and liposaccharides of Escherichia coli in the treatment of oral papillomatosis in a dog. The treatment protocol consisted of weekly administration of vincristine intravenously starting at a dose of 0,025mg/kg; 0.035 mg/kg during the second week; and then 0.05mg/kg. P. acnes has administered at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly according to the manufacturer"s indications (1 ml/10 kg) every 15 days. From the third week, there was the beginning of the involution of papillomas that were gradually receding until complete resolution of the disease in three months. In this case, the using therapy proved effective, since it has provided a cure of the disease. Thus, this therapeutic protocol may be an alternative for cases refractory to usual therapy with Thuya occidentalis.

A papilomatose oral é uma neoplasia epitelial benigna de etiologia viral que acomete, principalmente, animais jovens e imunossuprimidos, sendo caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de massas proliferativas denominadas de papilomas. A terapia dessa enfermidade é assunto controverso, e até o momento, não há um protocolo terapêutico altamente eficaz. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a utilização de um protocolo terapêutico associando Sulfato de vincristina ao imunoestimulante a base de Propionibacterium acnes e lipossacarideos de Escherichia coli no tratamento de papilomatose oral em um cão. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu na administração semanal de vincristina por via intravenosa, iniciando com a dose de 0,025mg/kg; 0,035mg/kg na segunda semana; e, posteriormente, 0,05mg/kg. O P. acnes foi administrado na dose de 1ml por via intramuscular, segundo a indicação do fabricante (1ml/10kg), a cada 15 dias. A partir da terceira semana, observou-se o início da involução dos papilomas, que foram regredindo progressivamente até a resolução completa da doença em três meses. No presente caso, a terapia empregada mostrou ser eficaz, uma vez que proporcionou a cura da doença. Dessa maneira, esse protocolo terapêutico pode ser uma alternativa para casos refratários à terapia usual com Thuya occidentalis.

Associação de sulfato de vincristina e Propionibacterium acnes no tratamento de papilomatose oral canina relato de caso / Association of vincristine sulfate and Propionibacterium acnes in treatment of canine oral papillomatosis - case report

The oral papillomatosis is a benign epithelial neoplasm of viral etiology that affects mainly young and immunosuppressed animals, characterized by the development of proliferative masses called papillomas. The therapy of this disease is controversial and there isnt a highly effective treatment protocol yet. This study aims to report the use of a therapeutic protocol involving vincristine sulfate to immunostimulatory the basis of Propionibacterium acnes and liposaccharides of Escherichia coli in the treatment of oral papillomatosis in a dog. The treatment protocol consisted of weekly administration of vincristine intravenously starting at a dose of 0,025mg/kg; 0.035 mg/kg during the second week; and then 0.05mg/kg. P. acnes has administered at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly according to the manufacturer"s indications (1 ml/10 kg) every 15 days. From the third week, there was the beginning of the involution of papillomas that were gradually receding until complete resolution of the disease in three months. In this case, the using therapy proved effective, since it has provided a cure of the disease. Thus, this therapeutic protocol may be an alternative for cases refractory to usual therapy with Thuya occidentalis.(AU)

A papilomatose oral é uma neoplasia epitelial benigna de etiologia viral que acomete, principalmente, animais jovens e imunossuprimidos, sendo caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de massas proliferativas denominadas de papilomas. A terapia dessa enfermidade é assunto controverso, e até o momento, não há um protocolo terapêutico altamente eficaz. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a utilização de um protocolo terapêutico associando Sulfato de vincristina ao imunoestimulante a base de Propionibacterium acnes e lipossacarideos de Escherichia coli no tratamento de papilomatose oral em um cão. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu na administração semanal de vincristina por via intravenosa, iniciando com a dose de 0,025mg/kg; 0,035mg/kg na segunda semana; e, posteriormente, 0,05mg/kg. O P. acnes foi administrado na dose de 1ml por via intramuscular, segundo a indicação do fabricante (1ml/10kg), a cada 15 dias. A partir da terceira semana, observou-se o início da involução dos papilomas, que foram regredindo progressivamente até a resolução completa da doença em três meses. No presente caso, a terapia empregada mostrou ser eficaz, uma vez que proporcionou a cura da doença. Dessa maneira, esse protocolo terapêutico pode ser uma alternativa para casos refratários à terapia usual com Thuya occidentalis.(AU)

Influência do cloridrato de levamisol no traçado eletrocardiográfico de cães utilizando o eletrocardiograma de rotina e a eletrocardiografia ambulatorial (Holter)

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