Retinopatia deficiente de taurina em uma gata / Taurine deficiency retinopathy in a cat

Background: Taurine is an essential amino acid for cats and its deficiency causes an ocular disorder called taurine deficiency retinopathy. The retinal lesion is definitive and can be classified into five progression stages. In an advanced stage, it leads to blindness that in most cases is irreversible. This disease is considered rare as taurine is currently supplemented in commercial cat food. The objective of this report is to describe the ophthalmic changes in a cat with advanced taurine deficiency retinopathy, a rare but current disease that is important for differential diagnosis of blindness in cats. Case: We report the case of an adult mixed-breed cat (weighing 3.4 kg), that was attended by the Ophthalmology Service of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UNESP - Botucatu), which was treated due to complaints of poor visual acuity for about 1 year. The animal, which was previously a stray animal, had been adopted for 2 years and provided premium cat food ad libitum. Ophthalmic examination showed bilateral mydriasis, with negative menace, direct pupillary, and consensual light reflexes. No change was observed in the ocular appendages, cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous humor. The eyes were normotensive and fluorescein test negative. Direct and indirect fundoscopy revealed an area of ellipsoidal hyperreflexia with darkened margins laterally to the optic nerve disk in the tapetal region and intense retinal vascular attenuation in both eyes, with a diagnosis of taurine deficiency retinopathy. Complete blood count and biochemical analysis parameters were within the normal range, including the leukocyte count. The guardian was instructed to continue feeding the cat balanced cat food and received information on the proper care and management of a blind animal. Discussion: Although taurine deficient retinopathy is currently underdiagnosed due to the supplementation of this amino acid in commercial cat food, animals that are not properly fed, such as those receiving dog food or homemade food, may be deficient in this amino acid. Taurine deficiency and in this case, the consequent taurine deficiency retinopathy, was diagnosed by visualizing the lesion characteristic of this amino acid deficit since no other retinal change presents this aspect in cats. Therefore, this lesion is considered pathognomonic of this deficiency. Hyperreflective retinal lesions with darkened margins indicate the slow chronic progression in the already stabilized lesions. The animal in this report presented pigmented lesion margins, indicating the chronicity of these retinal changes. Moreover, lesion signs are visible on fundoscopy only after a period of 2-11 months of nutritional amino acid deficiency, and complete retinal atrophy usually occurs after at least nine months of taurine deficiency. Thus, complete blindness associated with advanced retinal changes reinforced the suspicion that the animal had taurine deficiency for a prolonged period of time prior to its adoption. Its guardian was instructed to provide balanced commercial cat food, because although retinal lesions are irreversible, cardiac changes resulting from taurine deficiency are reversed with dietary supplementation. In addition, taurine deficiency affects other organs and systems, such as the central nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. In conclusion, although taurine deficiency retinopathy is currently rare, this condition should be considered one of the possible differential diagnoses for blindness in feline patients.

Endoftalmite bacteriana severa bilateral em cão após facectomia intracapsular - relato de caso / Bilateral bacterial endophthalmitis in dog after intracapsular surgery - case report / Endoftalmitis bacteriana grave bilateral en perro tras faquectomía intracapsular - relato do caso

A Endoftalmite é um processo inflamatório grave que acomete o interior do bulbo ocular, podendo levar à cegueira e até mesmo à enucleação. Vários micro-organismos estão envolvidos na sua etiopatogenia, tais como bactérias, vírus, protozoários e outros. Estes podem ser inoculados no olho após cirurgias oftálmicas, traumas não cirúrgicos ou mesmo por via hematógena decorrente de uma infecção sistêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de endoftalmite bacteriana bilateral em um cão, apresentando hipópio severo, secreção purulenta e úlcera em melting. O diagnóstico microbiológico foi realizado por meio da cultura e antibiograma após enucleação bilateral.

Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammatory process that affects the eve, which can lead to blindness and even enucleation. Several microorganisms are involved in their pathogenesis, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and others. It can be inoculated in the eye postoperative following intraocular surgery, nonsurgical trauma or by hematogenous dissemination due to a systemic infection. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral bacterial endophthalmitis in a dog, with hypopyon, severe purulent secretion and melting ulcer. The microbiological diagnosis was made by culture and antibiogram after bilateral enucleation.

Endoftalmitis es un proceso inflamatorio grave que afecta el interior del globo ocular, lo que puede conducir a la ceguera y incluso la enucleación. Varios microorganismos están implicados en su patogénesis, tales como bacterias, virus, protozoos y similares. Estos pueden ser inoculados en el ojo después de la cirugía intraocular, del trauma quirúrgico o por vía hematógena debido a una infección sistémica. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso de endoftalmitis bacteriana bilateral en un perro, con hipopión severo, secreción purulenta y úlcera en melting. El diagnóstico microbiológico fue hecho por cultivo y antibiograma después de la enucleación bilateral.

Uso de colírios à base de Citrus lemon no reparo de úlcera de córnea induzida em coelhos : avaliação clínica, histomorfométrica e imuno-histoquímca

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar por meio de exames oftalmológicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica para PCNA, o processo de reparação corneal de úlceras superficiais induzidas em coelhos, frente à utilização de colírios de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, produto até então não utilizado em oftalmologia. Foram utilizadas 50 fêmeas da espécie leporina, todas submetidas à indução da úlcera superficial, constituindo-se 5 grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Em três grupos foram instilados colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, em diferentes concentrações, sendo 1,5% (GL1,5), 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). O grupo controle (GC) recebeu substituto da lágrima, e o grupo Tween 80 8% (GT) foi tratado com o diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de citrus. Todos os protocolos foram realizados quatro vezes ao dia. Os grupos foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em dois subgrupos, de acordo com o período final de avaliação, sendo M1, coelhos avaliados após 24 horas, e M5, após 5 dias. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos utilizados quanto aos sinais clínicos secreção ocular, hiperemia conjuntival, quemose e opacidade corneal. O grupo tratado com colírio de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon na concentração 1,5%, no período final de avaliação, apresentou maior sensibilidade ocular em relação ao GC, além de aumento da celularidade corneal, representada principalmente por células inflamatórias. Nas comparações entre os momentos iniciais e finais, os grupos tratados com substituto da lágrima, Tween 80 8% e colírio à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon 5% promoveram aumento na espessura epitelial na periferia da córnea e maior percentual de proliferação celular, na avaliação final. Quanto à úlcera de córnea, houve redução significativa da extensão total para leve...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare through ophthalmic exams, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, the repair process in superficial corneal ulcers induced in rabbits using eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, a product not used in ophthalmology yet. Fifty female rabbits were submitted to induction of the corneal ulcer and then divided into 5 experimental groups of 10 animals each. Were instilled into three groups eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, in different concentrations, being 1.5% (GL1, 5), 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5). The control group (CG) received a tear substitute, and the Tween 80 8% group (GT) was treated with the diluent used in the production of eyedrops of citrus. All protocols were performed four times a day. The groups were divided randomly into two subgroups, according to the final period of evaluation, in the M1 rabbits were evaluated after 24 hours, and in the M5 after 5 days. There was no difference between treatments for clinical signs: ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis and corneal opacity. In the final period of evaluation, the group treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil in the concentration 1.5% showed a higher ocular sensitivity compared to the GC, and increased of corneal cellularity, represented mainly by inflammatory cells. In the comparison between the initial and final moments, the groups treated with tear substitute, Tween 80 8% and eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil 5% led to an increase in epithelial thickness at the periphery of the cornea and a higher percentage of cell proliferation, in the final evaluation. In the clinical evaluation of corneal ulcer, there was significant reduction in total length for mild or absent at the time of final evaluation in all groups; the exception was GL 3%, that showed a lower...

Endoftalmite bacteriana severa bilateral em cão após facectomia intracapsular - relato de caso

A Endoftalmite é um processo inflamatório grave que acomete o interior do bulbo ocular, podendo levar à cegueira e até mesmo à enucleação. Vários micro-organismos estão envolvidos na sua etiopatogenia, tais como bactérias, vírus, protozoários e outros. Estes  podem ser inoculados no olho após cirurgias oftálmicas, traumas não cirúrgicos ou mesmo por via hematógena decorrente de uma infecção sistêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de endoftalmite bacteriana bilateral em um cão, apresentando hipópio severo, secreção purulenta e úlcera em melting. O diagnóstico microbiológico foi realizado por meio da cultura e antibiograma após enucleação bilateral.