Primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Biliary tumors have low incidence in cats and are more common in elderly animals. Hepatobiliary tumors have different classifications and their etiology is difficult to interpret. In most cases, the diagnosis is only possible in advanced stages, which clouds the precursor factors. The late diagnosis is explained by the absence or specificity of clinical manifestations and laboratory changes. The majority of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats are incidental findings in surgeries or necropsies. This study aimed to report clinical, laboratory, pathological and immunohistochemical results in a feline case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Case: 4-year-old male castrated mix breed cat was admitted at a veterinary clinic with a history of polyuria / polydipsia, anorexia, apathy, jaundice and emesis for 60 days. The animal had been treated in another clinic with silymarin, famotidine and cyanocobalamin, and fed by esophageal tube based on the presumptive clinical diagnosis of cholangitis. The clinical examination revealed jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, enlargement of the liver and gallbladder and the presence of a structure in the epigastric region. Based on clinical signs, blood tests (complete blood count and liver enzymes), abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography were requested. In the exam results, eosinophilia, bilirubinemia and increased alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase were observed, in addition to the presence of icteric and hemolyzed serum. Ultrasound exam revealed thickened and dilated cystic and common ducts, large and thick gallbladder, bile with bile mud, hypoechogenic liver, thickening in the duodenal papilla and enlarged pancreatic and duodenal lymph nodes. There were no alterations in thoracic radiography. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of...

Primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Biliary tumors have low incidence in cats and are more common in elderly animals. Hepatobiliary tumors have different classifications and their etiology is difficult to interpret. In most cases, the diagnosis is only possible in advanced stages, which clouds the precursor factors. The late diagnosis is explained by the absence or specificity of clinical manifestations and laboratory changes. The majority of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats are incidental findings in surgeries or necropsies. This study aimed to report clinical, laboratory, pathological and immunohistochemical results in a feline case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Case: 4-year-old male castrated mix breed cat was admitted at a veterinary clinic with a history of polyuria / polydipsia, anorexia, apathy, jaundice and emesis for 60 days. The animal had been treated in another clinic with silymarin, famotidine and cyanocobalamin, and fed by esophageal tube based on the presumptive clinical diagnosis of cholangitis. The clinical examination revealed jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, enlargement of the liver and gallbladder and the presence of a structure in the epigastric region. Based on clinical signs, blood tests (complete blood count and liver enzymes), abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography were requested. In the exam results, eosinophilia, bilirubinemia and increased alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase were observed, in addition to the presence of icteric and hemolyzed serum. Ultrasound exam revealed thickened and dilated cystic and common ducts, large and thick gallbladder, bile with bile mud, hypoechogenic liver, thickening in the duodenal papilla and enlarged pancreatic and duodenal lymph nodes. There were no alterations in thoracic radiography. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of...(AU)

Exérese cirúrgica das lesões de um felino com micobacteriose cutânea atípica / Surgical debridement of the injuries of a feline with Atypical Skin Mycobacteriosis

As micobacterioses são bacilos resistentes a ácidos, causando doença crônica e progressiva em animais. Os felinos podem ser suscetíveis a infecções por micobactérias, especialmente quando há imunossupressão causada por retrovírus e / ou lesões por combate. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de micobacteriose felina atípica. Foi tratado em uma clínica veterinária particular, um felino, feminino, com histórico de ovariosalpingohisterectomia por um mês e com lesões fistulares na região da cirurgia. Foi realizada biópsia incisional e avaliação histopatológica, onde a análise foi compatível com micobacteriose atípica. A ressecção cirúrgica da maioria dos tecidos afetados foi realizada e a antibioticoterapia foi iniciada com marbofloxacina 2,2 mg / kg, SID, por 7 dias. Em vista do diagnóstico definitivo de micobacteriose atípica, doxiciclina 5 mg / kg, BID, foi adicionada à terapia por 90 dias, com regressão total da doença. A combinação de medicamentos com exérese cirúrgica é uma boa combinação terapêutica para uma remissão mais rápida da condição clínica.

Mycobacteriosis are acid-resistant bacilli causing chronic and progressive disease in animals. Felines may be susceptible to mycobacterial infections, especially when there is immunosuppression caused by retroviruses and / or fight injuries. The aim of this paper is to report a case of atypical feline mycobacteriosis. Was treated at a private veterinary clinic, a feline, female with a history of ovariosalpingohisterectomy for a month and with fistular lesions in the region of surgery. An incisional biopsy and histopathological evaluation were performed, where the analysis was compatible with atypical mycobacteriosis. Surgical resection of most of the affected tissue was performed and antibiotic therapy was started using marbofloxacin 2.2 mg/kg, SID, for 7 days. In view of the definitive diagnosis of atypical mycobacteriosis, doxycycline 5 mg/kg, BID, was added to the therapy for 90 days, with total regression of the condition. Combination of drugs with surgical exeresis is a good therapeutic combination for a faster remission of the clinical condition.

Exerése cirúrgica das lesões de um felino com micobacteriose cutânea atípica / Surgical debridement of the injuries of a feline with atypical skin mycobacteriosis

As micobacterioses são bacilos resistentes a ácidos, causando doença crônica e progressiva em animais. Os felinos podem ser suscetíveis a infecções por micobactérias, especialmente quando há imunossupressão causada por retrovírus e / ou lesões por combate. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de micobacteriose felina atípica. Foi tratado em uma clínica veterinária particular, um felino, feminino, com histórico de ováriosalpingohisterectomia por um mês e com lesões fistulares na região da cirurgia. Foi realizada biópsia incisional e avaliação histopatológica, onde a análise foi compatível com micobacteriose atípica. A ressecção cirúrgica da maioria dos tecidos afetados foi realizada e a antibioticoterapia foi iniciada com marbofloxacina 2,2 mg / kg, SID, por 7 dias. Em vista do diagnóstico definitivo de micobacteriose atípica, doxiciclina 5 mg / kg, BID, foi adicionada à terapia por 90 dias, com regressão total da doença. A combinação de medicamentos com exérese cirúrgica é uma boa combinação terapêutica para uma remissão mais rápida da condição clínica.(AU)

Mycobacteriosis are acid-resistant bacilli causing chronic and progressive disease in animals. Felines may be susceptible to mycobacterial infections, especially when there is immunosuppression caused by retroviruses and / or fight injuries. The aim of this paper is to report a case of atypical feline mycobacteriosis. Was treated at a private veterinary clinic, a feline, female with a history of ovariosalpingohisterectomy for a month and with fistular lesions in the region of surgery. An incisional biopsy and histopathological evaluation were performed, where the analysis was compatible with atypical mycobacteriosis. Surgical resection of most of the affected tissue was performed and antibiotic therapy was startedusing marbofloxacin 2.2 mg/kg, SID, for 7 days. In view of the definitive diagnosis of atypical mycobacteriosis, doxycycline 5 mg/kg, BID, was added to the therapy for 90 days, with total regression of the condition. Combination of drugs with surgical exeresis is a good therapeutic combination for a faster remission of the clinical condition.(AU)

Reação farmacodérmica após administração tópica de Mupirocina em cão / Cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical administration of Mupirocin in dog

Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, capable of generating morpho-functional alterations in cutaneous barrier. The purpose of this study was to report a cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical use of mupirocin in dog. The diagnosis was made through clinical-cytological analyzes. The therapy involved topical and systemic immunomodulatory drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that Mupirocin is capable of generating pharmacodermic reactions.

Doença intestinal inflamatória em felino / Inflammatory bowel disease in feline

Inflammatory bowel disease is a term that designates a set of pathologies mediated by the immune system. The objective of this work is to present a case report that shows the intestinal inflammatory bowel disease in a feline of 12 years. The animal had a history of chronic vomiting and progressive weight loss. Complete blood count, biochemistry and ultrasound were requested, showing anemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, normal biochemistry and ultrasonographic appearance compatible with advanced inflammatory disease or neoplasia. A supportive treatment was prescribed until exploratory laparotomy and incisional biopsy were performed. Reactive mesentery, lymphadenomegaly, severe thickening of the jejunal walls were found. Histopathology revealed a plasmacytic infiltrate in lamina propria and a greater amount of intraepithelial lymphocytes. It was prescribed a treatment with prednisolone, cobalamin supplementation and hypoallergenic diet. After 21 days, there was remission of clinical signs.

Reação farmacodérmica após administração tópica de Mupirocina em cão / Cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical administration of Mupirocin in dog

Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, capable of generating morpho-functional alterations in cutaneous barrier. The purpose of this study was to report a cutaneous adverse drug reaction after topical use of mupirocin in dog. The diagnosis was made through clinical-cytological analyzes. The therapy involved topical and systemic immunomodulatory drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that Mupirocin is capable of generating pharmacodermic reactions.(AU)

Doença intestinal inflamatória em felino / Inflammatory bowel disease in feline

Inflammatory bowel disease is a term that designates a set of pathologies mediated by the immune system. The objective of this work is to present a case report that shows the intestinal inflammatory bowel disease in a feline of 12 years. The animal had a history of chronic vomiting and progressive weight loss. Complete blood count, biochemistry and ultrasound were requested, showing anemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, normal biochemistry and ultrasonographic appearance compatible with advanced inflammatory disease or neoplasia. A supportive treatment was prescribed until exploratory laparotomy and incisional biopsy were performed. Reactive mesentery, lymphadenomegaly, severe thickening of the jejunal walls were found. Histopathology revealed a plasmacytic infiltrate in lamina propria and a greater amount of intraepithelial lymphocytes. It was prescribed a treatment with prednisolone, cobalamin supplementation and hypoallergenic diet. After 21 days, there was remission of clinical signs.(AU)

Envolvimento da matriz extracelular no tumor mamário canino / Extracellular matrix involviment in canine mammary tumor

A glândula mamária (GM) é um tecido dinâmico, derivado da epiderme e o seu desenvolvimento depende da interação entre as células mamárias e o estroma. A matriz extracelular (MEC) representa o principal conteúdo extracelular, responsável pela sustentação do tecido conjuntivo, da membrana basal e serve como reservatório para muitos fatores de crescimento. MEC é constituída por fibras proteicas insolúveis, como colágenos, lamininas, fibronectinas, e polímeros solúveis, como proteoglicanos e glicosaminoglicanos. Essas moléculas que compõem a MEC são importantes, tanto durante a morfogênese da GM, como para a sua manutenção conferindo-lhe a sustentação e o armazenamento de substratos necessários para seu crescimento. A desorganização da MEC na GM pode ser um indício necessário para o início e a progressão dotumor de mama. O Tumor mamário canino (TMC) é referido como um complexo de neoplasias que tem a participação de diversos fatores para seu desenvolvimento, incluindo os componentes da MEC. Desta forma, a investigação da MEC no diagnóstico dos TMC torna-se importante, para estabelecer a correlação entre os seus componentes e as células neoplásicas, além de fornecer informações sobre o comportamento biológico e o estadiamento clínico dos TMC. O entendimento da participação dessas moléculas da MEC para o desenvolvimento do TMC pode favorecer abordagens terapêuticas mais específicas, tendo como alvo elementos da MEC. Portanto, esta revisão tem como foco a participação dos componentes da MEC nos processos que contribuem para o estabelecimento do TMC, o que pode favorecer abordagens terapêuticas que visem elementos da MEC.

Mammary gland (MG) is a dynamic tissue derived from the epidermis and your development depends on the interaction between mammary cells and stroma. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the major extracellular content of tissues responsible for supporting connective tissue and basement membrane, and serves as a reservoir for many growth factors. ECM is comprised of insoluble protein fibers as collagens, laminins, fibronectins and soluble polymers as proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. The ECM components are important both during morphogenesis of MG as to maintain this fabric giving support and storage of substrates needed for the growth. ECM disorder in GM may be the progression trigger of the breast tumor. Canine mammary tumor (CMT) is a complex of malignancies that have the participation of several factors for its development, including ECM components. Therefore an investigation of ECM in the diagnosis of CMT becomes important to establish a relationship between componentes of matrix and neoplastic cells, including information on the biological behavior and clinical staging of CMT. The knowledge of ECM molecules participation in the development of CMT may further therapeutic approaches targeting elements of ECM. Thus, this review has a focus on the ECM components participation in the processes that contribute to CMT establishment, which may favor therapeutic approaches targeting elements of ECM.

Envolvimento da matriz extracelular no tumor mamário canino / Extracellular matrix involviment in canine mammary tumor

A glândula mamária (GM) é um tecido dinâmico, derivado da epiderme e o seu desenvolvimento depende da interação entre as células mamárias e o estroma. A matriz extracelular (MEC) representa o principal conteúdo extracelular, responsável pela sustentação do tecido conjuntivo, da membrana basal e serve como reservatório para muitos fatores de crescimento. MEC é constituída por fibras proteicas insolúveis, como colágenos, lamininas, fibronectinas, e polímeros solúveis, como proteoglicanos e glicosaminoglicanos. Essas moléculas que compõem a MEC são importantes, tanto durante a morfogênese da GM, como para a sua manutenção conferindo-lhe a sustentação e o armazenamento de substratos necessários para seu crescimento. A desorganização da MEC na GM pode ser um indício necessário para o início e a progressão dotumor de mama. O Tumor mamário canino (TMC) é referido como um complexo de neoplasias que tem a participação de diversos fatores para seu desenvolvimento, incluindo os componentes da MEC. Desta forma, a investigação da MEC no diagnóstico dos TMC torna-se importante, para estabelecer a correlação entre os seus componentes e as células neoplásicas, além de fornecer informações sobre o comportamento biológico e o estadiamento clínico dos TMC. O entendimento da participação dessas moléculas da MEC para o desenvolvimento do TMC pode favorecer abordagens terapêuticas mais específicas, tendo como alvo elementos da MEC. Portanto, esta revisão tem como foco a participação dos componentes da MEC nos processos que contribuem para o estabelecimento do TMC, o que pode favorecer abordagens terapêuticas que visem elementos da MEC.(AU)

Mammary gland (MG) is a dynamic tissue derived from the epidermis and your development depends on the interaction between mammary cells and stroma. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the major extracellular content of tissues responsible for supporting connective tissue and basement membrane, and serves as a reservoir for many growth factors. ECM is comprised of insoluble protein fibers as collagens, laminins, fibronectins and soluble polymers as proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. The ECM components are important both during morphogenesis of MG as to maintain this fabric giving support and storage of substrates needed for the growth. ECM disorder in GM may be the progression trigger of the breast tumor. Canine mammary tumor (CMT) is a complex of malignancies that have the participation of several factors for its development, including ECM components. Therefore an investigation of ECM in the diagnosis of CMT becomes important to establish a relationship between componentes of matrix and neoplastic cells, including information on the biological behavior and clinical staging of CMT. The knowledge of ECM molecules participation in the development of CMT may further therapeutic approaches targeting elements of ECM. Thus, this review has a focus on the ECM components participation in the processes that contribute to CMT establishment, which may favor therapeutic approaches targeting elements of ECM.(AU)

Fatty acid profile and anti-inflammatory activity of fixed plant oils

Background: Many seed oils have been used as anti-inflammatory agents, administred by ingestion or topical application in traditional medicine. The objective of this research was to perform a chemical analysis of fatty profile and a pharmacological study through a topical experiment of TPA-induced ear edema test and an internal assay - acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in Swiss mice of some fixed oils popularly used for inflammatory problems, trying to confirm their action. Materials, Methods & Results: Fixed lipids of Ouratea fieldingiana (batiputá), Caryocar coreaceum (pequi), Annacardium occidentale (cashew-nuts), Cocos nucifera (coco-da-bahia), Byrsonima crassifolia (murici) e Elaeis guineenses (palm) were selected for the identification of fatty acids profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity by TPA-induced ear edema test and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in Swiss male mice. The oils were purchased in local markets or extracted in Soxhlet apparatus with hexane. The oils of cashew nut, murici fruit, and pequi nut presented a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (81.80, 74.46 and 60.72 %, respectively). In the oils of batiputá and murici, linoleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid (45.06% and 74.66%, respectively) and oleic acid was main constituent in cashew [...](AU)

Fatty acid profile and anti-inflammatory activity of fixed plant oils

Background: Many seed oils have been used as anti-inflammatory agents, administred by ingestion or topical application in traditional medicine. The objective of this research was to perform a chemical analysis of fatty profile and a pharmacological study through a topical experiment of TPA-induced ear edema test and an internal assay - acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in Swiss mice of some fixed oils popularly used for inflammatory problems, trying to confirm their action. Materials, Methods & Results: Fixed lipids of Ouratea fieldingiana (batiputá), Caryocar coreaceum (pequi), Annacardium occidentale (cashew-nuts), Cocos nucifera (coco-da-bahia), Byrsonima crassifolia (murici) e Elaeis guineenses (palm) were selected for the identification of fatty acids profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity by TPA-induced ear edema test and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in Swiss male mice. The oils were purchased in local markets or extracted in Soxhlet apparatus with hexane. The oils of cashew nut, murici fruit, and pequi nut presented a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (81.80, 74.46 and 60.72 %, respectively). In the oils of batiputá and murici, linoleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid (45.06% and 74.66%, respectively) and oleic acid was main constituent in cashew [...]

Terapia tópica para controle da dermatite atópica canina – relato de caso / Topical treatment to control canine atopic dermatitis – case report

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory, chronic and pruritic skin disease, which has an incompletely understood pathogenesis in dogs. The pathogenic view of CAD involves theories about epidermal disfunction where a higher penetration of allergens and microbes overstimulates the local immunity. Clinical signs involve pruritus in different sites and secondary infections. Due to its complexity, therapeutic approaches aim to reduce antigenic exposure, prevent overstimulation of immune system, strengthen the epidermal barrier, control secondary infections, wash and moisten the skin, reduce inflammation and modify the immune response. In this review, it was reported the case of a dog, five years old, diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis and treated with topical medication.

Terapia tópica para controle da dermatite atópica canina relato de caso / Topical treatment to control canine atopic dermatitis case report

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory, chronic and pruritic skin disease, which has an incompletely understood pathogenesis in dogs. The pathogenic view of CAD involves theories about epidermal disfunction where a higher penetration of allergens and microbes overstimulates the local immunity. Clinical signs involve pruritus in different sites and secondary infections. Due to its complexity, therapeutic approaches aim to reduce antigenic exposure, prevent overstimulation of immune system, strengthen the epidermal barrier, control secondary infections, wash and moisten the skin, reduce inflammation and modify the immune response. In this review, it was reported the case of a dog, five years old, diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis and treated with topical medication.(AU)

Morphology and alfa-SMA, F-actin and JC1 protein expression in the mammary gland of goats in early hormonal lactation

Background: Mammary remodeling is determined by a combination of cell differentiation, proliferation and programmeddeath controlled not only by systemic hormones, but also by proteins produced either in the stromal or in the epithelialcompartments. However, few works were undertaken to use phenotypic markers for cellular components of the lactatingcaprine mammary gland and to determine structural–functional relationships. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the morphology and α-SMA, F-actin and JC1 protein expression in the mammary gland of Canindé goats in earlyhormonal lactation.Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen 2 years old female Canindé goats were used and distributed into two groups: nonlactating (n = 4) and lactating animals (n = 10). Lactation was induced by using estrogen, progesterone and prednisoloneaccording to previous protocol. All subjects were housed indoors and had four hours of daily access to solarium. Mammarygland biopsies were obtained at days 5 (D5) and 26 (D26) of the early stage of lactation and were assessed by histologicaland immunohistochemical analysis. The microstructure of mammary gland in lactating goats was analyzed by conventionalhistologic techniques. Immunohistochemistry was used by identify α-SMA in myoepithelial cells and JC1 in epithelialcells. α-SMA and F-actin expression were assessed by confocal microscopy. Concerning microscopic features, the alveolistructure was evaluated in respect to number, size and cell population. The structural units of the lactating mammary glandconsisted of variably shaped lobules. When comparing to lactating tissue, sections of the non-lactating mammary glandshowed a lower number and size of alveoli, separated by wide connective tissue. Lactating tissues demonstrated numerousand well-developed alveoli, separated by thin trabeculae of connective tissue. In relation to lactating goats, no difference (P> 0.05)...(AU)

Morphology and alfa-SMA, F-actin and JC1 protein expression in the mammary gland of goats in early hormonal lactation

Background: Mammary remodeling is determined by a combination of cell differentiation, proliferation and programmeddeath controlled not only by systemic hormones, but also by proteins produced either in the stromal or in the epithelialcompartments. However, few works were undertaken to use phenotypic markers for cellular components of the lactatingcaprine mammary gland and to determine structural–functional relationships. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the morphology and α-SMA, F-actin and JC1 protein expression in the mammary gland of Canindé goats in earlyhormonal lactation.Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen 2 years old female Canindé goats were used and distributed into two groups: nonlactating (n = 4) and lactating animals (n = 10). Lactation was induced by using estrogen, progesterone and prednisoloneaccording to previous protocol. All subjects were housed indoors and had four hours of daily access to solarium. Mammarygland biopsies were obtained at days 5 (D5) and 26 (D26) of the early stage of lactation and were assessed by histologicaland immunohistochemical analysis. The microstructure of mammary gland in lactating goats was analyzed by conventionalhistologic techniques. Immunohistochemistry was used by identify α-SMA in myoepithelial cells and JC1 in epithelialcells. α-SMA and F-actin expression were assessed by confocal microscopy. Concerning microscopic features, the alveolistructure was evaluated in respect to number, size and cell population. The structural units of the lactating mammary glandconsisted of variably shaped lobules. When comparing to lactating tissue, sections of the non-lactating mammary glandshowed a lower number and size of alveoli, separated by wide connective tissue. Lactating tissues demonstrated numerousand well-developed alveoli, separated by thin trabeculae of connective tissue. In relation to lactating goats, no difference (P> 0.05)...