Primary hypothyroidism due to thyroid carcinoma in a feline / Hipotireoidismo primário devido a carcinoma de tireóide em um felino

Hypothyroidism is rarely observed in cats. This article reports the case of a thirteen-year-old feline with a one-year history of bilateral cervical swelling that had majorly grown in size two weeks prior to the animal's admission. The cat presented with dysphonia, lethargy, weight gain, and constipation. On physical examination, hypothermia was observed, with a rectal temperature of 36.5 ºC. Fine-needle aspiration cytology suggested thyroid neoplasia. The serum levels of total T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), along with the exclusion of non-thyroid diseases, confirmed the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. This is the first report of feline hypothyroidism in Brazil secondary to thyroid neoplasia, classified as a follicular-compact carcinoma and confirmed by histopathology.

Hipotireoidismo é uma doença rara na espécie felina. Esse trabalho relata um felino de treze anos de idade com histórico de inchaço cervical bilateral há um ano, que havia crescido principalmente duas semanas antes da admissão do animal. O felino apresentava disfonia, letargia, ganho de peso e constipação. No exame físico, hipotermia foi observado com temperatura retal de 36,5 ºC. Citologia aspirativa de agulha fina sugeriu neoplasia de tireoide. A dosagem sérica de T4 total e TSH junto com a exclusão de doenças não tireoidianas confirmaram o diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo. Esse é o primeiro relato de hipotireoidismo felino no Brasil devido a uma neoplasia de tireoide, classificado como carcinoma folicular-compacto, confirmado na histopatologia.

Celioscopy and partial salpingectomy in a pregnant bitch / Celioscopia e salpingectomia parcial em fêmea canina gestante

This case report presents a celioscopy procedure followed by partial salpingectomy (PS) in a pregnant bitch referred to elective video assisted ovariohysterectomy. Through celioscopy it was visualized the embryonic vesicles and PS was performed after conversion to minioceliotomy. The puppies were born by eutocic delivery without clinical alterations. The case suggested that short and regular pneumoperitoneum is not deleterious to dog fetus and video surgery could be used in pregnant bitches. PS allows the fetus development and promotes bitch neutering.

Este trabalho relata um caso de celioscopia seguido de salpingectomia parcial (SP) em fêmea canina gestante encaminhada à ovariohisterectomia eletiva videoassistida. Por celioscopia foram identificadas vesículas gestacionais e a SP foi aplicada após conversão para miniceliotomia. Não foram observadas alterações clínicas nos filhotes, os quais nasceram por parto eutócico. Sugere-se que o pneumoperitônio regular por tempo reduzido não seja deletério para fetos caninos e a videocirurgia pode ser aplicada em caninos gestantes. A SP permite a continuidade do desenvolvimento fetal e a esterilização de fêmeas caninas.

Celioscopy and partial salpingectomy in a pregnant bitch / Celioscopia e salpingectomia parcial em fêmea canina gestante

This case report presents a celioscopy procedure followed by partial salpingectomy (PS) in a pregnant bitch referred to elective video assisted ovariohysterectomy. Through celioscopy it was visualized the embryonic vesicles and PS was performed after conversion to minioceliotomy. The puppies were born by eutocic delivery without clinical alterations. The case suggested that short and regular pneumoperitoneum is not deleterious to dog fetus and video surgery could be used in pregnant bitches. PS allows the fetus development and promotes bitch neutering.(AU)

Este trabalho relata um caso de celioscopia seguido de salpingectomia parcial (SP) em fêmea canina gestante encaminhada à ovariohisterectomia eletiva videoassistida. Por celioscopia foram identificadas vesículas gestacionais e a SP foi aplicada após conversão para miniceliotomia. Não foram observadas alterações clínicas nos filhotes, os quais nasceram por parto eutócico. Sugere-se que o pneumoperitônio regular por tempo reduzido não seja deletério para fetos caninos e a videocirurgia pode ser aplicada em caninos gestantes. A SP permite a continuidade do desenvolvimento fetal e a esterilização de fêmeas caninas.(AU)

Dipyrone, scopolamine, and meloxicam for conventional or two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in female dogs / Dipirona, escopolamina e meloxicam após ovário-histerectomia convencional ou videoassistida por dois portais em fêmeas caninas

For ethical and organic reasons, surgical and analgesic techniques that minimize and adequately control pain should be studied. Ovariohysterectomy is the most common surgical technique in veterinary medicine and is performed in female dogs for elective or therapeutic purposes. Both conventional and minimally invasive surgical techniques are used in veterinary medicine; however, the minimally invasive laparoscopic technique is considered superior to the conventional technique because it is associated with a less painful and faster post-operative recovery. However, for various reasons, the laparoscopic technique is not yet widely used in veterinary medicine, and the conventional ovariohysterectomy is still the most common. The aim of this study, therefore, was to validate the efficacy of the combination of dipyrone, scopolamine, and meloxicam after conventional or two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomies in female dogs. Additionally, this study sought to assess recovery after the two surgical modalities while receiving the same analgesic protocol. Fourteen healthy adult female dogs were spayed and then evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale, the Melbourne Scale, and the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale for 72 hours after surgery. The analgesic protocol was efficient for pain control after both techniques, with minimal differences between the groups.

Devido a razões éticas e orgânicas, técnicas cirúrgicas e analgésicas que minimizam e controlam adequadamente a dor devem estudadas. A ovário-histerectomia é a técnica cirúrgica mais realizada em medicina veterinária, seja aplicada com fins eletivos ou terapêuticos. As técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais e minimamente invasivas são utilizadas em medicina veterinária, e as laparoscópicas são consideradas superiores, pois promovem menor dor e mais rápida recuperação pós-operatória. Embora esta modalidade cirúrgica seja considerada superior, por diferentes razões ainda não é tão difundida na medicina veterinária, sendo a técnica convencional de ovário-histerectomia a mais utilizada em cadelas. Por estas razões, o objetivo deste estudo foi validar a eficácia do protocolo dipirona, escopolamina e meloxicam em cadelas submetidas a ovário-histerectomia convencional ou videoassistida por dois portais, assim como avaliar a recuperação dos animais submetidos a duas modalidades cirúrgicas junto ao referido protocolo analgésico. Assim, 14 cadelas adultas saudáveis foram submetidas a ovário-histerectomia e avaliadas por meio da Escala Visual Analógica, Escala de Melbourne e Forma reduzida da Escala Composta de Glasgow até 72 horas após a realização do procedimento cirúrgico. O protocolo analgésico foi eficiente para controle da dor nos animais submetidos a ambas as técnicas cirúrgicas, e mínimas diferenças foram observadas entre os grupos.

Metamizol and scopolamine for conventional or two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Background: Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is one of the most applied techniques in Veterinary Medicine. Despite some analgesic protocols being used after this procedure in order to control post operatory pain, there is a lack of knowledge of the efficacy after conventional and two port laparoscopic-assisted techniques in dog female. Although the combined formulation of metamizol and scopolamine is used, there is no knowledge about the efficacy and collateral effects in a 6 h regimen after OVH. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of metamizol and scopolamine to analgesia after two techniques of OVH in dog female. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen adults and healthy dog female were submitted to OVH, being eight to the conventional procedure and seven to video assisted technic with two ports. The patients received a combination of metamizol and scopolamine, 6-6 h during 48 h and were evaluated before surgery, 60 min after extubation and on 1 h interval during the f irst 8 h, and at 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after surgery. For this, the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and the short-form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) were applied by three evaluators blinded to surgical technic. Glucoses measurement was realized at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery. Analgesic rescue was not necessary for any animal. Punctuation of UMPS in GC decreases at 8 h and at 5 h, and to GV at 12 and 24 h. Difference between groups happened at 3 h with larger average to GV; at 48 h the punctuation in GC was lager. Considering CMPS-SF to CG, higher average was observed at 1 h and decreased at 2, 3, 8 and 18. At GV highest average points was verified at 1, 2 and 3 h and decreased at 5, 8 and 18 h. Correlation was strong and positive between each two evaluators. Animals of both groups had increased average...

Dipyrone, scopolamine, and meloxicam for conventional or two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in female dogs / Dipirona, escopolamina e meloxicam após ovário-histerectomia convencional ou videoassistida por dois portais em fêmeas caninas

For ethical and organic reasons, surgical and analgesic techniques that minimize and adequately control pain should be studied. Ovariohysterectomy is the most common surgical technique in veterinary medicine and is performed in female dogs for elective or therapeutic purposes. Both conventional and minimally invasive surgical techniques are used in veterinary medicine; however, the minimally invasive laparoscopic technique is considered superior to the conventional technique because it is associated with a less painful and faster post-operative recovery. However, for various reasons, the laparoscopic technique is not yet widely used in veterinary medicine, and the conventional ovariohysterectomy is still the most common. The aim of this study, therefore, was to validate the efficacy of the combination of dipyrone, scopolamine, and meloxicam after conventional or two-port laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomies in female dogs. Additionally, this study sought to assess recovery after the two surgical modalities while receiving the same analgesic protocol. Fourteen healthy adult female dogs were spayed and then evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale, the Melbourne Scale, and the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale for 72 hours after surgery. The analgesic protocol was efficient for pain control after both techniques, with minimal differences between the groups.(AU)

Devido a razões éticas e orgânicas, técnicas cirúrgicas e analgésicas que minimizam e controlam adequadamente a dor devem estudadas. A ovário-histerectomia é a técnica cirúrgica mais realizada em medicina veterinária, seja aplicada com fins eletivos ou terapêuticos. As técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais e minimamente invasivas são utilizadas em medicina veterinária, e as laparoscópicas são consideradas superiores, pois promovem menor dor e mais rápida recuperação pós-operatória. Embora esta modalidade cirúrgica seja considerada superior, por diferentes razões ainda não é tão difundida na medicina veterinária, sendo a técnica convencional de ovário-histerectomia a mais utilizada em cadelas. Por estas razões, o objetivo deste estudo foi validar a eficácia do protocolo dipirona, escopolamina e meloxicam em cadelas submetidas a ovário-histerectomia convencional ou videoassistida por dois portais, assim como avaliar a recuperação dos animais submetidos a duas modalidades cirúrgicas junto ao referido protocolo analgésico. Assim, 14 cadelas adultas saudáveis foram submetidas a ovário-histerectomia e avaliadas por meio da Escala Visual Analógica, Escala de Melbourne e Forma reduzida da Escala Composta de Glasgow até 72 horas após a realização do procedimento cirúrgico. O protocolo analgésico foi eficiente para controle da dor nos animais submetidos a ambas as técnicas cirúrgicas, e mínimas diferenças foram observadas entre os grupos.(AU)

Acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog

Background: Diaphragmatic eventration is characterized by weakness of the diaphragmatic muscle, which leads to cranialdislocation of the affected diaphragm and, ultimately, in dyspnea. This condition is rare in humans and even rarer in animals,and may be congenital or acquired. The acquired form is less commom and may be induced by trauma or inflammationand neoplastic invasion of the phrenic nerve. Here, we report a case of acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog, withthe aim of increasing the knowledge of this condition in animals and helping others to recognize and treat future cases.Case: A 12-year-old male dachshund presented with severe dyspnea, exercise intolerance and episodes of coughing. Basedon a physical examination and imaging, the main suspicion was a diaphragmatic hernia, and surgery was performed. Whenthe surgeon entered the thoracic cavity, an extremely thin - yet, intact - right hemidiaphragm was observed. The left sideof the diaphragm was normal. A polypropylene mesh was sutured to the affected diaphragm in an attempt to strengthenthe hemidiaphragmatic muscles and prevent further insinuations of viscera into the thoracic cavity. The dog developedbronchopneumonia, postoperatively, and was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics, analgesics and support medication.However, the dog died five days after surgery. A postmortem examination revealed that the right side of the diaphragmwas markedly thin and flaccid. Diaphragm samples were collected for histopathological examination. For comparison, asample of normal diaphragm was collected from a same age, matched dachshund that died due to an unrelated condition.This tissue was called “diaphragm control”, and it was collected in order to compare the histologic features of a normaldiaphragm muscle with the affected one. Histopathology revealed a marked reduction of muscle fibers...

Acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog

Background: Diaphragmatic eventration is characterized by weakness of the diaphragmatic muscle, which leads to cranialdislocation of the affected diaphragm and, ultimately, in dyspnea. This condition is rare in humans and even rarer in animals,and may be congenital or acquired. The acquired form is less commom and may be induced by trauma or inflammationand neoplastic invasion of the phrenic nerve. Here, we report a case of acquired diaphragmatic eventration in a dog, withthe aim of increasing the knowledge of this condition in animals and helping others to recognize and treat future cases.Case: A 12-year-old male dachshund presented with severe dyspnea, exercise intolerance and episodes of coughing. Basedon a physical examination and imaging, the main suspicion was a diaphragmatic hernia, and surgery was performed. Whenthe surgeon entered the thoracic cavity, an extremely thin - yet, intact - right hemidiaphragm was observed. The left sideof the diaphragm was normal. A polypropylene mesh was sutured to the affected diaphragm in an attempt to strengthenthe hemidiaphragmatic muscles and prevent further insinuations of viscera into the thoracic cavity. The dog developedbronchopneumonia, postoperatively, and was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics, analgesics and support medication.However, the dog died five days after surgery. A postmortem examination revealed that the right side of the diaphragmwas markedly thin and flaccid. Diaphragm samples were collected for histopathological examination. For comparison, asample of normal diaphragm was collected from a same age, matched dachshund that died due to an unrelated condition.This tissue was called “diaphragm control”, and it was collected in order to compare the histologic features of a normaldiaphragm muscle with the affected one. Histopathology revealed a marked reduction of muscle fibers...(AU)

Oxidative stress and viability of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cell cultures from the omentum of rabbits / Estresse oxidativo e instabilidade genômica em culturas de células mesenquimais do tecido adiposo do omento de coelho

Mesenchymal stem cells are a population of somatic cells found in several tissues of an adult organism, including adipose tissue. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular alterations, including mutagenesis and genomic instability and the development of diseases. Thus, it is important to understand ROS-induced damage to cell macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress rates and viability of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) from the greater omentum of rabbits. Cell cultures were analyzed at different passages (1-5) using the dichlorofluorescein acetate assay for measuring ROS production and cell viability tests. ROS levels were highest at passage 2 and cell viability was highest at passage 4.(AU)

Células-tronco mesenquimais são uma população de células somáticas encontradas em vários tecidos de um organismo adulto, incluindo o tecido adiposo. Espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) podem causar alterações celulares, incluindo mutagênese e instabilidade genômica e o desenvolvimento de doenças. Assim, é importante entender o dano induzido pelas EROs às macromoléculas celulares, como DNA, proteínas e lipídios. Neste estudo, investigamos as taxas de estresse oxidativo e viabilidade de células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSCs) a partir do omento maior de coelhos. As culturas celulares foram analisadas em diferentes passagens (1-5) utilizando o ensaio de acetato de diclorofluoresceína para medir a produção de ROS e testes de viabilidade celular. Os níveis de EROs foram mais altos na 2ª passagem e a viabilidade celular foi maior na 4ª passagem.(AU)

Characterization of bladder calculi and urinalysis in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) treated with mesenchymal adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) after partial urinary bladder allotransplantation / Caracterização de cálculos vesicais e urinálise em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submetidos a alotransplante parcial de vesícula urinária e tratados com células-tronco mesenquimais alogênicas derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSCs)

Bladder calculi associated or not with early crystalluria or salt deposits can be a common finding after reconstructive bladder surgery. The objective of this study was to characterize calculi and urine of domestic rabbits treated with mesenchymal adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) after partial urinary bladder allotransplantation. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to surgery and treated postoperatively with cyclosporine or ADSCs for immunosuppression. There were no signs of graft rejection in either treatment group 30 days after surgery. Fewer animals presented bladder calculi in the ADSC treated group (33.3%) compared to the cyclosporine treated group (58.3%). Calcium was the predominant component of calculi in both groups. Urinalysis revealed no haematuria or bacteriuria in the ADSC group, in contrast to the results obtained for the cyclosporine group. ADSCs may be an attractive alternative to cyclosporine for immunosuppression after bladder allotransplantation.(AU)

A litíase vesical pode ser um achado comum quando se faz a reconstrução da bexiga, condição que pode estar associada a alterações precoces como cristalúria e presença de depósito de sais. O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar os cálculos e a urinálise de coelhos domésticos submetidos a alotransplante de vesícula urinária e tratados com células-tronco alogênicas derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSCs). Foram utilizados 25 coelhos Nova Zelândia Branco, os quais foram submetidos a alotransplante parcial de bexiga e tratados com ciclosporina (GCi) ou células-tronco mesenquimais (GCe) como agentes imunossupressores. Houve menor número de animais com cálculo vesical no grupo tratado com ADSCs (33.3%), sendo cálcio o mineral mais frequentemente observado; na urinálise, os animais tratados com ADSCs não demonstraram hematúria e/ou bacteriúria. As ADSCs podem ser uma alternativa à ciclosporina para imunossupressão após alotransplante de bexiga.(AU)

Laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernioplasty in a dog / Hernioplastia diafragmática laparoscópica em cão

A diaphragmatic hernia is characterized by the passage of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity, which may be congenital or acquired. Its treatment is achieved by surgical correction. When there is no tissue or in cases of herniation with a chronic disease, the use biological or synthetic implants is recommended. The objective of this study was to report a technique of laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair using bovine pericardium preserved in a canine, using three portal accesses. Due to the large diaphragmatic defect, reduction with the aid of a network of preserved bovine pericardium in formaldehyde 4% was chosen. The mesh was sutured to the transversus abdominus muscle in two layers. The first layer was sutured using simple continuous pattern, and the second one using simple interrupted sutures. The patient collapsed and died 24 hours postoperatively. However, the purposed technique was feasible(AU)

A hérnia diafragmática é caracterizada pela passagem das vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica, podendo ser de origem congênita ou adquirida, que exige o tratamento cirúrgico. Quando houver ausência de tecido ou em casos de herniação com evolução crônica, recomenda-se a utilização de implantes biológicos ou sintéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a técnica de herniorrafia diafragmática laparoscópica com o uso de pericárdio bovino conservado em um canino, a partir do acesso laparoscópico com três portais. Devido ao grande defeito diafragmático, optou-se pela sua redução com o auxílio de implante de pericárdio bovino conservado em formaldeído a 4%, este fixado a musculatura diafragmática com sutura intracorpórea, utilizando para isso duas camadas de sutura ambas com náilon 0, a primeira contínua simples seguida de pontos isolados simples, em toda extensão da membrana conservada. Apesar do animal vir a óbito nas primeiras 24 horas do pós-operatório, a técnica adotada se mostrou viável(AU)

Associated laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy and ovariohisterectomy in a Great Dane bitch / Associação de gastropexia e ovariohisterectomia vídeo assistida em cadela Dogue Alemão

Gastropexy techniques are performed aiming to adhere permanently the stomach to the abdomen, being this one of the most common indications for prevention and treatment of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). The only accepted method for the prevention of GDV is the prophylactic gastropexy, and the laparoscopic-assisted procedure is quick and easy to perform. It is aimed to report the association of laparoscopic-assisted prophylactic gastropexyand elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in a two years old Great dane bitch using the two-portals access, when it was observed rapid and complete recovery. It is concluded that the two portals laparoscopic-assisted prophylactic gastropexy is feasible and safe in dogs, when combined with elective OVH. It makes the technique a suitable option for prevention of GDV in predisposed breeds.(AU)

As técnicas de gastropexia são realizadas objetivando aderir o estômago permanentemente ao abdômen, sendo comumente indicadas na prevenção e tratamento da dilatação vólvulo-gástrico (DVG). O único método aceito para a prevenção da GDV é a gastropexia profilática, a qual pode ser realizada pelo acesso videoassistido de forma rápida e fácil. Objetiva-se relatar a associação de gastropexia profilática videoassistida e ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva em uma cadela Dogue alemão, com dois anos de idade, pela técnica de dois portais, na qual se observou rápida e completa recuperação da paciente. Conclui-se que a gastropexiavideoassistida profilática associada à OVH videoassistida com dois portais, durante única intervenção, é factível e segura para cães, tornando-se uma opção adequada na prevenção da DVG em raças predispostas.(AU)

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery na realização de criptorquidectomia laparoscópica em um gato / Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery in performing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in a cat

A afecção congênita mais comum nos animais domésticos é denominada de criptorquidismo, sendo caracterizada pela não migração de um ou ambos os testículos até o escroto. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a técnica de criptorquidectomia videoassistida, através de um único acesso (LESS) sem dispositivos específicos, em um gato siamês com dois anos de idade e 3,9kg de massa corporal. Utilizou-se um único portal de 5 mm, inserido na linha média ventral na região pré-púbica. Por esse portal, a cavidade foi insuflada com CO2 medicinal, permitindo a obtenção do pneumoperitônio (8mmHg) a uma velocidade de 1 l/min. Após o inventário da cavidade abdominal, com o auxílio de um endoscópio de 5mm e 25o, identificou-se o testículo ectópico. Com a utilização de uma pinça de apreensão para mini laparoscopia (3mm), introduzida ao lado do trocarte (pelo mesmo acesso), o testículo foi fixado e tracionado para o exterior da cavidade abdominal para realização de hemostasia, não sendo necessária a ampliação da ferida cirúrgica. Após a secção dos vasos testiculares, o testículo foi totalmente liberado e o coto vascular devolvido à cavidade abdominal. O presente relato demonstra que a cirurgia laparoscópica por um único acesso (LESS) pode ser utilizada com sucesso no diagnóstico e tratamento de casos de criptorquidismo em gatos, com as possíveis vantagens que o acesso apresenta em relação à cirurgia convencional.(AU)

The most common congenital disease in domestic animals is cryptorchidism, which is characterized by the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum. The objective of this paper is to describe a video-assisted cryptorchidectomy through a single access (LESS), without specific portal multifunctional, in a two-year-old siamese cat weighing 3.9kg. To perform the cryptorchidectomy, it was inserted a single portal (5mm) in the ventral midline in the pre-pubic region. The cavity was insufflated with medicinal CO2 at a rate of 1l/minute in order to obtain a pneumoperitoneum (8mmHg). After the inspection of the abdominal cavity with an endoscope (5mm/25º) the ectopic testicle was identified. With a minilaparoscopy, forceps (3mm) was introduced in the side of the first portal (same access), the testicle was grasped and pulled outside to realize hemostasis, without need to extend surgical wound. After sectioning the testicular vessels, the testicle was fully released and the vascular stump was returned to the abdominal cavity. The present report demonstrates that laparoscopic surgery by a single access (LESS) may be successful in the diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism in cats, considering the potential benefits that this procedure brings in relation to conventional surgery.(AU)

Proliferación y la viabilidad de las células derivadas del estroma mesenquimal de epiplón, el tejido adiposo perirrenal y el bolso de grasa interescapular en conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Proliferation and viability of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from omentum, fat perirenal and adipose interscapular pouch in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Proliferação e viabilidade de células-tronco derivadas do omento maior, tecido adiposo perirrenal e bolsa adiposa interescapular em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

El tejido adiposo es una fuente alternativa de células madre mesenquimales, se presenta como el número de aumento de la colección de células menos invasiva y permitiendo comparación con el método de la médula ósea (MO). En los seres humanos, el metabolismo del tejido adiposo difiere de acuerdo con la localización anatómica. En ratones, se observaron diferencias en la composición celular y la capacidad de diferenciación de las células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo (ADSC), de acuerdo a las regiones anatómicas. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la proliferación y la viabilidad de las células mesenquimales estromales multipotentes (CTMs) derivados de la bolsa de grasa interescapular, el epiplón mayor y la grasa perirrenal de conejos. Para esto, tres conejos fueron sometidos a cirugía para la extirpación de un tejido adiposo omental, perirrenal y interescapular abultada bolsa. Las células se procesaron y se cultivaron en una atmósfera humidificada con 5% de CO2, y posteriormente se tiñeron con azul de tripano y se contaron en una cámara de Neubauer. Llegamos a la conclusión de que hubo una variación en la capacidad proliferativa de CTMs con respecto a las regiones estudiadas, con la ventaja de la grasa omental en las otras dos regiones. La viabilidad de CTMs las tres regiones mostró variación durante los pasajes.(AU)

Adipose tissue is an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cell. It can be obtained by less invasive method and in larger quantities when compared with bone marrow. In humans, adipose tissue metabolism differs according to anatomic location. In mices, according to the anatomical regions, differences were observed in cellular composition and differentiation capacity of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). The objective of this study is to compare the viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from the bag interscapular fat, omental and perirenal fats of rabbits. For this, three rabbits were undergone to surgical collect fat from difference sites. Cells were processed and grown in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, and subsequently they were stained with Trypan blue and counted in a Neubauer chamber. It was concluded that there was variation in the proliferative capacity of MSCs over the regions studied, with advantage of great omental fat about the other regions. The viability of MSCs from the three regions showed variation during passages.(AU)

O tecido adiposo é fonte alternativa de células-tronco mesenquimais, apresentando-se como método menos invasivo e permitindo coleta de maior quantidade celular em comparação a medula óssea (MO). Nos humanos, o tecido adiposo apresenta diferenças de metabolismo, conforme a localização anatômica. Em camundongos, foram observadas diferenças em relação à composição celular e à capacidade de diferenciação das células tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSCs), de acordo com as regiões anatômicas. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar a proliferação e viabilidade de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas da bolsa adiposa interescapular, do omento maior e da gordura da região perirrenal de coelhos. Para isso, três coelhos foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos para remoção de tecido adiposo do omento maior, região perirrenal e bolsa adiposa interescapular. As células foram processadas e cultivadas em atmosfera umidificada a CO2 5%, sendo posteriormente coradas com Azul de Tripan e contadas em câmara de Neubauer. Concluí-se que houve variação na capacidade proliferativa das CTMs em relação as regiões estudadas, com vantagem da gordura omental sobre as outras duas regiões. A viabilidade das CTMs das três regiões apresentou variação durante as passagens.(AU)

Laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethrostomy in a cat with urethral stenosis / Uretrostomia pré-púbica videoassistida em um felino com estenose uretral

Urethrostomy is a surgical technique used in cases of partial or total obstruction of the urethra, and the laparoscopic approach may be a treatment option. Due to the scarcity of studies involving the technique, this paper reports the case of laparoscopic-assisted pre-pubic urethrostomy (hybrid laparoscopic) in a cat with urethral stricture. A five-years-old cat presenting recurrent feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) had undergone to perineal urethrostomy two years and nine months ago. After this procedure, the patient underwent another four corrective surgeries without success. Laboratory tests (blood count and biochemical) and image diagnosis were realized. The patient was subjected to laparoscopic-assisted pre-pubic urethrostomy and it was achieved therapeutic success and adequate patient quality of life. It is concluded that this technique is feasible and safe in cats, making it a possible choice of surgical treatment for urethral stricture.(AU)

A uretrostomia é técnica cirúrgica utilizada em casos de obstrução parcial ou total da uretra, e na abordagem laparoscópica pode ser uma opção de tratamento. Devido à escassez de estudos envolvendo essa técnica, este trabalho relata o caso de uretrostomia pré-púbica videoassistida (laparoscópica híbrida) em um felino com estenose uretral. O paciente de cinco anos de idade apresentando histórico de doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos (DTUIF) recorrente, havia sido submetido a uretrostomia perineal há dois anos e nove meses. Depois desse procedimento, o paciente passou por mais quatro cirurgias corretivas sem sucesso. Após realização de exames laboratoriais (hemograma e bioquímicos) e de imagem, o animal foi submetido a uretrostomia pré-púbica laparoscópica híbrida, obtendo-se sucesso terapêutico e possibilitando ao paciente adequada qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que esta técnica é viável e segura em gatos, tornando-a uma possível escolha de tratamento cirúrgico para estenose uretral.(AU)

Prostatectomia radical com sutura de Van Velthoven na herniorrafia perineal de canino / Radical Prostatectomy with Van Velthoven Suture to Canine Perineal Herniorrhaphy

Background: Prostatectomy excision is indicated for patients with neoplasm, trauma or recurrent prostatic abscess; Van Velthoven suture have been used in urethrovesical laparoscopic anastomosis in humans. This report aimed to describe the use of Van Velthoven suture after excisional prostatectomy in a canine, which suffered partial loss and deformation of the urinary bladder after complications of perineal hernia. Case: A thirteen-year-old male dog presented dyschezia, hypophagia and had increased water ingestion; furthermore, owner verified a swelling lateral to the anus. On clinical examination it was observed left perineal hernia with incarcerated content, and peritonitis was diagnosed by ultrasonography exam. Antimicrobial and fluid therapy were initiated, and one day after the patient was referred to surgery. Through perineal access was observed retrofl exed urinary bladder partially necrotic and multiple prostatic cysts; due to great extent of the necrotic urinary bladder, associated with impossibility of complete necrotic bladder tissue removal, prostate and urinary vesicle were placed in the peritoneal cavity. It was proceeded hernia reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and monofilament nylon suture. Through median celiotomy, the bladder necrotic tissue was removed; due to hemodynamic patient instability, the total prostatectomy that was initiated was postponed, performing cystopexy and cystostomy with Foley catheter. The prostatectomy was performed at the 21st day. In that time, prostatic urethra stenosis was observed. After probing urethral repair points in the pelvic urethra and urinary bladder, the prostate was resected and was applied a Van Velthoven suture. Omentalization of the anastomotic site was done before cavity washing with NaCl 0,9%. The abdominal access was closed in three layers. The patient remained probed for six days, and after this bladder compression was initiated. After 21 days of the second operative intervention, it was necessary to correct a perineal hernia in the opposite side; reconstruction was performed by mobilizing obturator internus muscle. Discussion: In many cases of perineal herniation it was observed prostatic hypertrophy and cysts, as observed in our clinical case. After castration, prostate involutes in two or three weeks, and occur clinical signs reliefs. But the patient related shows presence of urethral stricture, helding an excisional prostatectomy. After excision of the prostate, special attention should be given to the anastomosis between urinary bladder and urethra. With the circular Van Velthoven suture was observed low incidence of bladder contraction in humans, condition which could lead to, among other things, urinary incontinence. It was observed easy and speed of execution of the technique as well as obtaining an anastomosis without tension and adequate to anastomosis healing, as well appropriated patient recovery. We concluded that Van Velthoven suture is effective to prostatectomy in dogs and that the perineal hernia may be associated with several complications that could be adequately treated by surgery.

Inflamação e estresse oxidativo na videocirurgia / Inflammation and oxidative stress in videosurgery

A videocirurgia tem sido amplamente empregada como ferramenta diagnóstica ou método cirúrgico na rotina de cães e gatos. Dentre as vantagens estão as pequenas incisões, a menor dor pós-operatória, a rápida recuperação dos pacientes e a reduzida perda sanguínea. Mesmo as cirurgias eletivas, nas modalidades convencional ou videocirúrgica, promovem inflamação e estresse oxidativo que podem vir a causar complicações sistêmicas, aumentando a morbidade dos procedimentos. Objetiva-se revisar os processos que envolvem a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo em cirurgias videolaparoscópicas de cães, visando a melhor compreensão dos processos que envolvem a formação de catabólitos inflamatórios, radicais livres e peroxidação lipídica.AU

Currently, laparoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic tool and surgical method in the surgical routine of dogs and cats. Among the advantages are the small incisions, less postoperative pain and faster recovery. Even elective surgeries, in conventional or videosurgical modalities, promote inflammation and oxidative stress that may cause systemic complications, increasing the morbidity of the procedure. The objective of this paper is to review the processes involving inflammation and oxidative stress in dogs underwent to laparoscopic surgeries, in order to better understand the processes that involve the formation of inflammatory catabolites, free radicals and lipid peroxidation.AU

Inflamação e estresse oxidativo na videocirurgia / Inflammation and oxidative stress in videosurgery

A videocirurgia tem sido amplamente empregada como ferramenta diagnóstica ou método cirúrgico na rotina de cães e gatos. Dentre as vantagens estão as pequenas incisões, a menor dor pós-operatória, a rápida recuperação dos pacientes e a reduzida perda sanguínea. Mesmo as cirurgias eletivas, nas modalidades convencional ou videocirúrgica, promovem inflamação e estresse oxidativo que podem vir a causar complicações sistêmicas, aumentando a morbidade dos procedimentos. Objetiva-se revisar os processos que envolvem a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo em cirurgias videolaparoscópicas de cães, visando a melhor compreensão dos processos que envolvem a formação de catabólitos inflamatórios, radicais livres e peroxidação lipídica.

Currently, laparoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic tool and surgical method in the surgical routine of dogs and cats. Among the advantages are the small incisions, less postoperative pain and faster recovery. Even elective surgeries, in conventional or videosurgical modalities, promote inflammation and oxidative stress that may cause systemic complications, increasing the morbidity of the procedure. The objective of this paper is to review the processes involving inflammation and oxidative stress in dogs underwent to laparoscopic surgeries, in order to better understand the processes that involve the formation of inflammatory catabolites, free radicals and lipid peroxidation.

Distocia devido à anasarca congênito associado à onfalocele fetal em cadela - relato de caso / Dystocia due congenital anasarca associated with foetal omphalocele in a bitch - case report

Distocia é uma complicação comum em cadelas, sendo que anormalidades fetais podem perturbaro parto normal. Neste trabalho é relatado o caso de uma Buldogue inglês primípara,inseminada artificialmente, a qual estava em trabalho de parto e foi encaminhada para atendimentoveterinário 12 horas após o aparecimento dos primeiros sinais do parto. Por meio depalpação vaginal, verificou-se a presença de um feto de tamanho grande no canal do parto,sendo realizada cesariana. Dos cinco filhotes, três eram natimortos e dois destes apresentavamanormalidades externas visíveis compatíveis com anasarca fetal. Um destes dois apresentavaadicionalmente onfalocele.AU

Dystocia is one common complication in bitches. Foetal abnormalities can disrupt the normaldelivery. It is related a case of a English bulldog, primiparous female, artificially inseminated,that started parturition 12 hours before requiring veterinary care. Through vaginal palpationwas verified the presence of an oversize fetus in the pelvic canal impeding the normal birth.For that reason cesarean was performed. Three of the five puppies were stillbirths. Two of thesehad visible external abnormalities, compatible with fetal anasarca, and one had an additionallyomphalocele.AU

Distocia devido à anasarca congênito associado à onfalocele fetal em cadela - relato de caso / Dystocia due congenital anasarca associated with foetal omphalocele in a bitch - case report

Distocia é uma complicação comum em cadelas, sendo que anormalidades fetais podem perturbaro parto normal. Neste trabalho é relatado o caso de uma Buldogue inglês primípara,inseminada artificialmente, a qual estava em trabalho de parto e foi encaminhada para atendimentoveterinário 12 horas após o aparecimento dos primeiros sinais do parto. Por meio depalpação vaginal, verificou-se a presença de um feto de tamanho grande no canal do parto,sendo realizada cesariana. Dos cinco filhotes, três eram natimortos e dois destes apresentavamanormalidades externas visíveis compatíveis com anasarca fetal. Um destes dois apresentavaadicionalmente onfalocele.

Dystocia is one common complication in bitches. Foetal abnormalities can disrupt the normaldelivery. It is related a case of a English bulldog, primiparous female, artificially inseminated,that started parturition 12 hours before requiring veterinary care. Through vaginal palpationwas verified the presence of an oversize fetus in the pelvic canal impeding the normal birth.For that reason cesarean was performed. Three of the five puppies were stillbirths. Two of thesehad visible external abnormalities, compatible with fetal anasarca, and one had an additionallyomphalocele.