Gastrointestinal parasites of wild carnivores from conservation institutions in the Cerrado of Goiás, Brazil / Parasitas gastrintestinais de carnívoros silvestres de instituições de conservação no Cerrado de Goiás, Brasil

Increased interaction between wild and urban environments owing to human population growth, increased anthropization of biomes, and habitat loss for wild animals increases the spread of infectious and parasitic agents. The present study reports on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivorous mammals at two conservation institutions in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Fecal samples from 39 adult carnivores were collected after spontaneous defecation and analyzed by flotation and sedimentation. The structure and management data of each institution were recorded. Parasitism prevalence, binomial confidence intervals (CI) at 95%, variables associated with the presence of contact animals, size of the enclosure and type of food were recorded. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the samples analyzed was 71.8% (CI 55.1­83.0; 28/39). Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides spp., Calodium hepaticum, and Trematoda eggs, and Cystoisospora spp. oocysts were detected. Environmental conditions were not correlated with parasitism prevalence; however, the parasites found could be managed, considering their biology, such as controlling synanthropic and domestic animals in captivity, feeding with healthy feed.(AU)

A crescente urbanização e a perda de hábitat para animais selvagens tem levado a uma maior interação entre ambientes selvagens e humanos, o que pode favorecer a disseminação de agentes infecciosos e parasitários. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais em mamíferos carnívoros em duas instituições de conservação no estado de Goiás, Brasil. Amostras fecais de 39 carnívoros adultos foram coletadas após a defecação espontânea e analisadas por flotação e sedimentação. Foram registrados os dados de estrutura e gestão de cada instituição. Prevalência de parasitismo, intervalo de confiança binomial (IC) a 95% e variáveis associadas a presença de animais de contato, tamanho do recinto e tipo de alimento foram registrados. A prevalência geral de parasitas gastrointestinais nas amostras analisadas foi de 71,8% (IC 55,1­83,0; 28/39). Foram detectados ovos de Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides spp., Calodium hepaticum e de Trematoda e oocistos de Cystoisospora spp.. As condições ambientais não apresentaram correlação com a prevalência de parasitismo; entretanto, os parasitos encontrados podem ser manejados, considerando-se sua biologia, como controlar animais sinantrópicos e domésticos em cativeiro, e uso de alimentos livres de contaminantes.(AU)

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso / Ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em cães de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

Gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa poses risks to animal and human health owing to clinical changes and transmission of potentially zoonotic agents. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, using coproparasitological tests. From June 2021 to April 2022, faecal samples were collected from domestic dogs at the Veterinary Hospital and Animal Protection Shelters in the Cuiabá municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the owners and those responsible for the shelters to analyse the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism. A total of 353 faecal samples were collected and subjected to parasitological flotation and sedimentation techniques. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test and exploratory factorial analysis. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 22.66% and the parasites found alone or in mixed infections were Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis, and coccidia. It was concluded that the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs is frequent, and the variables associated with these infections were source origin, breed, age, coexistence with other animals, and dull fur.(AU)

O parasitismo gastrointestinal por helmintos e protozoários apresenta riscos à saúde animal e humana devido às alterações clínicas e transmissão de agentes potencialmente zoonóticos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães do município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil, utilizando-se exames coproparasitológicos. De junho de 2021 a abril de 2022, foram coletadas amostras fecais de cães domésticos no Hospital Veterinário e Abrigos de Proteção Animal do município de Cuiabá. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado aos tutores e responsáveis pelos abrigos para analisar os fatores associados ao parasitismo gastrointestinal. Um total de 353 amostras fecais foram coletadas e submetidas às técnicas de flotação e sedimentação parasitológica. Os dados foram analisados, utilizando-se o teste Qui-quadrado e a análise fatorial exploratória. A ocorrência de parasitismo gastrointestinal foi de 22,66%, e os parasitos encontrados isoladamente ou em infecções mistas foram Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis e Coccidia. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães é frequente, e as variáveis associadas a essas infecções foram procedência, raça, idade, convivência com outros animais e pelagem opaca.(AU)

Haw's syndrome associated with giardiasis in a cat

Background: Haw's syndrome results in bilateral projection of the third eyelid, which is caused by a dysfunction of the sympathetic innervation in the region, not accompanied by other ocular changes. It has been mostly seen in cats, under 2-year-old and, it usually shows an acute presentation. It is believed that the disorder may be self-limiting, but several infectious etiologies have been proposed, together with diarrhea. The aim of the study was to report a case of a 2-year-old mixed breed male feline, castrated and diagnosed with Haw's syndrome, associated with an infectious condition given the presence of Giardia sp. Case: A 2-year-old male, mixed-breed cat and orchiectomized, was admitted and treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí. In the anamnesis, the owner complained that the cat had had pasty brown diarrhea for 4 days and a projection of the third eyelid. He emphasized that the animal used to have some episodes of diarrhea sporadically and the last deworming was carried out 3 months ago from that day. He reported contact with other random street and outdoor cats. On the physical examination, bilateral projection of the third eyelid was observed without any other visible alteration. The third eyelid projection was responsive to the mydriatic and adrenergic [phenylephrine 10%] eye drops instillation test. Complete blood count and serum biochemical evaluation of creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were performed. In addition, abdominal ultrasound and parasitological examination of feces were requested. Complete blood count showed eosinophilia and serum biochemical evaluations were within reference values. The coproparasitological examination detected Giardia sp. On the ultrasound, no significant changes were observed. The recommended treatment was anthelmintic [fenbendazole 50 mg/kg, SID, for 5 days]. However, one week later, the coproparasitological examination still showed Giardia sp. Given this scenario, the chosen treatment was the use of nitazoxanide [25 mg/kg, BID, for 7 days]. Therefore, the patient presented emesis and the treatment with nitazoxanide had to be suspended. Thus, metronidazole [25 mg/kg, BID, for 7 days] was prescribed, in addition to the environmental disinfection and daily litter box cleaning, all performed with quaternary ammonia. After 1 week of treatment with metronidazole, the patient's clinical improvement and reversal of the third eyelid projection were observed. Discussion: This case proved to be consistent with the data found in the literature, in which cats younger than 2-year-old are affected by Haw's syndrome and may present concomitant diarrhea. On the physical examination, the parameters evaluated were within normal reference for the cat species and the bilateral projection of the third eyelid was the only alteration found in the patient. The prognosis for the patient with Haw's syndrome and concomitant giardiasis is favorable, as long as the intestinal infection is treated briefly, in order to prevent the chronicity of the enteroparasitosis. The need of more studies is evident in order to explain the Haw's syndrome pathology and so, clarify the real cause of this disease. Since the syndrome is mostly, a self-limiting disease, interventions with topical ocular drugs are not necessary. However, in the event of a concomitant disease, infection or underlying cause, it must be treated correctly. Attention is drawn to the need of feces examination through coproparasitological evaluation in cases of diarrhea.

Helminth community structure of Didelphis marsupialis (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in a transition area between the Brazilian Amazon and the Cerrado / Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos de Didelphis marsupialis (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) em uma área de transição entre a Amazônia brasileira e o Cerrado

Although the common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) is a species widely distributed in South America, knowledge about their helminth parasites and helminth community structure is scarce. The aims of this study were to describe the species composition and analyze the structure of the helminth community of the common opossum in an area of the Amazonian Arc in northern Mato Grosso. The helminths were recovered, counted, and identified in 32 individuals. Overall, 10,198 specimens were categorized into 9 helminths taxa (seven nematodes, one cestode, and one acanthocephalan). The most abundant species were Aspidodera raillieti, Viannaia hamata, and Travassostrongylus orloffi. No statistically significant differences in helminth abundance and prevalence were observed between host sexes. However, young hosts had higher abundance and prevalence of Didelphonema longispiculata, whereas Oligacanthorhynchus microcephalus had higher abundance and prevalence in adult hosts. This was the first study to analyze the helminth fauna and helminth community structure of D. marsupialis in the Amazonian Arc. This is the first report of the presence of A. raillieti, D. longispiculata, T. orloffi, T. minuta, V. hamata, and O. microcephalus in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.(AU)

Embora o gambá comum, Didelphis marsupialis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) seja uma espécie amplamente distribuída na América do Sul, o conhecimento sobre seus helmintos parasitos e a estrutura da comunidade de helmintos são escassos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a composição de espécies e analisar a estrutura da comunidade helmíntica do gambá comum em uma área do Arco Amazônico, no norte de Mato Grosso. Os helmintos foram recuperados, contados e identificados em 32 indivíduos. Ao todo, 10.198 espécimes foram categorizados em 9 táxons de helmintos (sete nematoides, um cestoide e um acantocéfalo). As espécies mais abundantes foram Aspidodera raillieti, Viannaia hamata e Travassostrongylus orloffi. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na abundância e prevalência de helmintos entre os sexos dos hospedeiros. No entanto, hospedeiros jovens apresentaram maior abundância e prevalência de Didelphonema longispiculata, enquanto Oligacanthorhynchus microcephalus apresentou maior abundância e prevalência em hospedeiros adultos. Este foi o primeiro estudo a analisar a helmintofauna e a estrutura da comunidade helmíntica de D. marsupialis no Arco Amazônico. Este é o primeiro relato da presença de A. raillieti, D. longispiculata, T. orloffi, T. minuta, V. hamata e O. microcephalus no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil.(AU)

Epidemiological aspects of the occurrence of anti-Sarcocystis spp. andanti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in the Northern region of Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Sarcocystisspp. e anti-Toxoplasma gondii em cães da região norte do Brasil

We conducted aseroepidemiological study on the occurrence of anti-Sarcocystisspp. and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs from family farming properties in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia.Blood samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs between September 2012 and November 2013. In total, 181 blood serum samples were analyzed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, among which 57 (31.49%) and 20 (11.04%) were positive for anti-T. gondii and anti-Sarcocystis spp., respectively. Statistical analyses showed that the type of food fed to the dogs was associated with the occurrence of anti-Sarcocystisspp. antibodies. In contrast, age and access to bovine carcasses were the risk factors for anti-T. gondii.The high occurrence of seropositive dogs for Sarcocystis spp. and T. gondii evidences the wide distribution of these agents in the studied area, possibly due to human and animal exposure to these protozoan species. In addition, anti-T. gondii antibodies were directly proportional to dog age. The increase in the number of positive animals with age was statistically significant. Furthermore, high antibody titers (up to 800) against Sarcocystis spp. in dogs suggest the possibility of recent exposure, in addition to environmental contamination by oocysts/sporocysts eliminated by the feces of these animals.

Conduzimos um estudo soroepidemiológico sobre a ocorrência de anticorpos anti- Sarcocystis spp. e anti-Toxoplasma gondiiem cães de propriedades de agricultura familiar no município de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de cães aparentemente saudáveis, entre setembro de 2012 e novembro de 2013. Ao todo, foram analisados 181 soros sanguíneos por meio do ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta, sendo positivas 57 (31,49%) e 20 (11,04%) amostras para anticorpos anti-T. gondii e anti-Sarcocystis spp., respectivamente. As análises estatísticas demonstraram que o tipo de alimentação fornecida aos cães esteve associado à ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Sarcocystis spp. Em contraste a idade e o acesso à carcaça bovina foram fatores de risco para a presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii. A alta ocorrência de cães soropositivos para Sarcocystis spp. e T. gondii evidencia a ampla distribuição desses agentes na área estudada, possivelmente devido à exposição humana e animal a essas espécies de protozoários. Além disso, o resultado dos anticorpos anti-T. gondii relacionados a idade do cão mostraram diferença estatística, com aumento significativo no número de animais positivos com a idade. Além disso, altos títulos de anticorpos (até 800) contra Sarcocystis spp. em cães sugerem a possibilidade de exposição recente, além da contaminação ambiental por oocistos/esporocistos eliminados pelas fezes desses animais.

Hematological and histopathological changes in medular aplasia resulting from Ehrlichia canis infection in a Border collie dog / Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas na aplasia medulardecorrente da infecção por Ehrlichia canis em cão da raça Border Collie

The Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease that commonly affects dogs of all breeds and ages. It is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The disease may pre-sent itself in the acute, subclinical, and chronic forms. The present study reports the case of a 2-year-old male Border Collie with advanced stage CME, attended at the Pet Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal de Jataí, which resul-ted in medullary aplasia. The diagnosis of marrow aplasia was based on the necroscopic and histopathological examinations. At necropsy, the diaphyses of the long bones were filled with diffuse, strongly whitish and pasty tissue, typical of the adipose tissue, also found in the femoral epiphyses. The histopathology showed unilocular adipose tissue as the major constituent of the bone marrow and rare islands of marrow cells. These findings were compatible with severe hypoplasia of the red bone mar-row and hyperplasia of the white bone marrow, affecting hematopoiesis, resulting in the laboratory alterations observed in the hematocrit, WBC, and plateletogram.

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa que comumente afeta cães de todas as raças e idades. Causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus, a doença pode apresentar-se nas for-mas aguda, subclínica e crônica. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um cão, raça Border Collie, macho, 2 anos de idade, com EMC em estágio avançado, atendido no Setor de Clínica de Animais de Companhia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Jataí, caso este que resultou em aplasia medular. O diagnóstico da aplasia de medula baseou-se na realização de exames necroscópico e histopatológico. Na necropsia verificou-se a diáfise de ossos longos preenchida por tecido difuso, seve-ramente esbranquiçado e pastoso, característico de tecido adiposo, também encontrado em epífises femorais. No histopatoló-gico foi verificado tecido adiposo unilocular como maior constituinte da medula óssea e raras ilhas de células medulares. Esses achados foram compatíveis com hipoplasia severa de medula óssea vermelha e hiperplasia de medula óssea branca, afetando a hematopoiese resultando nas alterações laboratoriais verificadas no eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetograma.

Hematological and histopathological changes in medular aplasia resulting from Ehrlichia canis infection in a Border collie dog / Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas na aplasia medulardecorrente da infecção por Ehrlichia canis em cão da raça Border Collie

The Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease that commonly affects dogs of all breeds and ages. It is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The disease may pre-sent itself in the acute, subclinical, and chronic forms. The present study reports the case of a 2-year-old male Border Collie with advanced stage CME, attended at the Pet Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal de Jataí, which resul-ted in medullary aplasia. The diagnosis of marrow aplasia was based on the necroscopic and histopathological examinations. At necropsy, the diaphyses of the long bones were filled with diffuse, strongly whitish and pasty tissue, typical of the adipose tissue, also found in the femoral epiphyses. The histopathology showed unilocular adipose tissue as the major constituent of the bone marrow and rare islands of marrow cells. These findings were compatible with severe hypoplasia of the red bone mar-row and hyperplasia of the white bone marrow, affecting hematopoiesis, resulting in the laboratory alterations observed in the hematocrit, WBC, and plateletogram.(AU)

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa que comumente afeta cães de todas as raças e idades. Causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus, a doença pode apresentar-se nas for-mas aguda, subclínica e crônica. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um cão, raça Border Collie, macho, 2 anos de idade, com EMC em estágio avançado, atendido no Setor de Clínica de Animais de Companhia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Jataí, caso este que resultou em aplasia medular. O diagnóstico da aplasia de medula baseou-se na realização de exames necroscópico e histopatológico. Na necropsia verificou-se a diáfise de ossos longos preenchida por tecido difuso, seve-ramente esbranquiçado e pastoso, característico de tecido adiposo, também encontrado em epífises femorais. No histopatoló-gico foi verificado tecido adiposo unilocular como maior constituinte da medula óssea e raras ilhas de células medulares. Esses achados foram compatíveis com hipoplasia severa de medula óssea vermelha e hiperplasia de medula óssea branca, afetando a hematopoiese resultando nas alterações laboratoriais verificadas no eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetograma.(AU)

Dehydration and hemodynamic changes as causa mortis associated with Trichuris vulpis in a dog

Background: Trichuris vulpis, a species that belongs to Trichuris and shows a cosmopolitan distribution, parasitizes thegastrointestinal system of dogs causing trichuriasis. The infection occurs owing to ingestion of larval eggs and subsequentfixation of their adult form in the large intestine of the host. The objective of this paper is to report the case of a BorderCollie dog that arrived at the Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology Laboratory (LPPV) of the Federal University of Jataí(UFJ) after exhibiting signs of intense dehydration and sudden death caused by severe T. vulpis infection, and to elucidatethe macroscopic and microscopic histopathological correlations observed during necropsy.Case: A 7-year-old male Border Collie dog was referred for routine necroscopic examination on suspicion of death fromintoxication. In the history, there were reports of bone ingestion, restlessness, and polydipsia for three days, followed bysudden death. Although the animal presented an adequate body state during the necroscopic procedure, enophthalmia andpale oral and ocular mucosa were observed, which are characteristic signs of severe dehydration and anemia. On opening the abdominal cavity, the visceral serosa were found to be stained and severely dry. Greenish mucous content wasobserved throughout the intestine, and in the large intestine, a moderate amount of mucus associated with high parasiticinfestation by elongated parasites attached to the mucosa was identified. The parasites were harvested, stored in airtightvials containing 70% alcohol, processed, and subsequently identified as T. vulpis.Discussion: The necroscopic findings associated with the histopathology were compatible with T. vulpis infestation at highparasite intensity, with severe destruction of the intestinal mucosa and inability of water absorption, resulting in severedehydration. In cases of parasitism, villous atrophy with crypt hypertrophy occurs...

Dehydration and hemodynamic changes as causa mortis associated with Trichuris vulpis in a dog

Background: Trichuris vulpis, a species that belongs to Trichuris and shows a cosmopolitan distribution, parasitizes thegastrointestinal system of dogs causing trichuriasis. The infection occurs owing to ingestion of larval eggs and subsequentfixation of their adult form in the large intestine of the host. The objective of this paper is to report the case of a BorderCollie dog that arrived at the Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology Laboratory (LPPV) of the Federal University of Jataí(UFJ) after exhibiting signs of intense dehydration and sudden death caused by severe T. vulpis infection, and to elucidatethe macroscopic and microscopic histopathological correlations observed during necropsy.Case: A 7-year-old male Border Collie dog was referred for routine necroscopic examination on suspicion of death fromintoxication. In the history, there were reports of bone ingestion, restlessness, and polydipsia for three days, followed bysudden death. Although the animal presented an adequate body state during the necroscopic procedure, enophthalmia andpale oral and ocular mucosa were observed, which are characteristic signs of severe dehydration and anemia. On opening the abdominal cavity, the visceral serosa were found to be stained and severely dry. Greenish mucous content wasobserved throughout the intestine, and in the large intestine, a moderate amount of mucus associated with high parasiticinfestation by elongated parasites attached to the mucosa was identified. The parasites were harvested, stored in airtightvials containing 70% alcohol, processed, and subsequently identified as T. vulpis.Discussion: The necroscopic findings associated with the histopathology were compatible with T. vulpis infestation at highparasite intensity, with severe destruction of the intestinal mucosa and inability of water absorption, resulting in severedehydration. In cases of parasitism, villous atrophy with crypt hypertrophy occurs...(AU)

Molecular survey of Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon species in dogs from urban area of Midwestern Brazil / Levantamento molecular de Babesia vogeli e Hepatozoon spp. em cães da área urbana do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

In Brazil, the most important tickborne pathogens affecting dogs include Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp., transmitted by ixodid ticks, have been reported to naturally infect dogs and are widespread. The authors aimed to investigate the incidence of B. vogeli and Hepatozoon spp. infection using molecular methods to identify factors associated with the infection in dogs from urban areas of Cuiabá municipality, Midwestern Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed a prevalence of 9.36% (Confidence Interval-CI 95%; 2.72%; 6.79%) and 9.61% (CI 95%; 7.0%; 13.0%) among dogs for B. vogeli and Hepatozoon, respectively. DNA sequences obtained from 10 Hepatozoon PCR positive samples were sequenced and were identical to one another and, moreover, were 100% (541/541 base of pairs-bp) homologous to the corresponding 18S rDNA sequences of H. canis. Twenty-five dogs (6.02%) generated amplicons using PCR protocols for both organisms, indicating co-infection by these two protozoans. To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first molecular survey to consider the entire population of dogs from the study area. Moreover, young dogs (0-12 months of age), as well as animals living in walled houses―without access to the street―were more susceptible to infection with B. vogeli and H. canis, respectively.(AU)

No Brasil, os mais importantes patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos que acometem cães incluem Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis e Mycoplasma haemocanis. Babesia spp. e Hepatozoon spp., transmitidas por carrapatos ixodídeos, têm sido relatadas como capazes de infectar naturalmente cães e são amplamente distribuídos. Os autores objetivaram investigar a incidência de B. vogeli e Hepatozoon spp. por métodos moleculares para identificar fatores associados à infecção em cães da área urbana do município de Cuiabá, centro-oeste do Brasil. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) revelou uma prevalência de 9,36% (Intervalo de Confiança-IC 95%; 2,72%; 6,79%) e 9,61% (IC 95%; 7,0%; 13,0%) entre os cães para B. vogeli e Hepatozoon, respectivamente. Sequências de DNA obtidas de 10 amostras positivas para PCR de Hepatozoon foram sequenciados e eram idênticos entre si e, além disso, foram 100% (541/541 pares de base-pb) homólogos com a correspondente sequência de 18S rDNA de H. canis. Vinte e cinco (6,02%) cães geraram amplificados usando protocolos de PCR para ambos os organismos, indicando coinfecção por esses dois protozoários. Até onde sabemos, nosso estudo foi o primeiro levantamento molecular a considerar toda a população de cães da área de estudo na amostragem. Além disso, cães jovens (0-12 meses de idade), bem como animais que viviam em casas muradas - sem acesso à rua foram mais suscetíveis à infecção por B. vogeli e H. canis, respectivamente.(AU)

Molecular survey of Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon species in dogs from urban area of Midwestern Brazil / Levantamento molecular de Babesia vogeli e Hepatozoon spp. em cães da área urbana do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

In Brazil, the most important tickborne pathogens affecting dogs include Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp., transmitted by ixodid ticks, have been reported to naturally infect dogs and are widespread. The authors aimed to investigate the incidence of B. vogeli and Hepatozoon spp. infection using molecular methods to identify factors associated with the infection in dogs from urban areas of Cuiabá municipality, Midwestern Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed a prevalence of 9.36% (Confidence Interval-CI 95%; 2.72%; 6.79%) and 9.61% (CI 95%; 7.0%; 13.0%) among dogs for B. vogeli and Hepatozoon, respectively. DNA sequences obtained from 10 Hepatozoon PCR positive samples were sequenced and were identical to one another and, moreover, were 100% (541/541 base of pairs-bp) homologous to the corresponding 18S rDNA sequences of H. canis. Twenty-five dogs (6.02%) generated amplicons using PCR protocols for both organisms, indicating co-infection by these two protozoans. To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first molecular survey to consider the entire population of dogs from the study area. Moreover, young dogs (0-12 months of age), as well as animals living in walled houses―without access to the street―were more susceptible to infection with B. vogeli and H. canis, respectively.

No Brasil, os mais importantes patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos que acometem cães incluem Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis e Mycoplasma haemocanis. Babesia spp. e Hepatozoon spp., transmitidas por carrapatos ixodídeos, têm sido relatadas como capazes de infectar naturalmente cães e são amplamente distribuídos. Os autores objetivaram investigar a incidência de B. vogeli e Hepatozoon spp. por métodos moleculares para identificar fatores associados à infecção em cães da área urbana do município de Cuiabá, centro-oeste do Brasil. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) revelou uma prevalência de 9,36% (Intervalo de Confiança-IC 95%; 2,72%; 6,79%) e 9,61% (IC 95%; 7,0%; 13,0%) entre os cães para B. vogeli e Hepatozoon, respectivamente. Sequências de DNA obtidas de 10 amostras positivas para PCR de Hepatozoon foram sequenciados e eram idênticos entre si e, além disso, foram 100% (541/541 pares de base-pb) homólogos com a correspondente sequência de 18S rDNA de H. canis. Vinte e cinco (6,02%) cães geraram amplificados usando protocolos de PCR para ambos os organismos, indicando coinfecção por esses dois protozoários. Até onde sabemos, nosso estudo foi o primeiro levantamento molecular a considerar toda a população de cães da área de estudo na amostragem. Além disso, cães jovens (0-12 meses de idade), bem como animais que viviam em casas muradas - sem acesso à rua foram mais suscetíveis à infecção por B. vogeli e H. canis, respectivamente.

Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings / Platinossomiase felina: análise da associação dos níveis de infecção com achados patológicos e bioquímicos

Platynosomiasis is a common feline hepatic disease caused by Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), which is also known as lizard poisoning. Most reports of feline platynosomiasis show that this disease is sporadic and manifests with uncommon lesions; its pathogenicity is still not well understood. This study aimed to describe liver injuries and enzymatic changes associated with natural P. fastosum infection in 47 stray cats in an endemic area. Overall, 38.3% (18/47) of cats were parasitized, and 2,358 flukes (P. fastosum) were collected (131 mean intensity of parasitism; 50.2 mean abundance). The alanine transaminase (ALT) measure was significantly higher in parasitized animals, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no statistical difference between parasitized and non-parasitized animals. In infected animals, gross pathological lesions and microscopic liver injuries ranged from mild to severe, and were similar to those in previous descriptions of feline platynosomiasis. Nonetheless, the intensity of parasitism was not related to the severity of macroscopic or microscopic hepatic injuries. However, feline platynosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of feline liver disorders, as well as, in any program of helminth control, even if no clinical abnormalities are present.(AU)

Platinossomiase é uma doença hepática felina comum causada por Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), também é conhecida como envenenamento por lagartixa. A maioria dos relatos de platinossomiase felina mostra que esta doença é esporádica e se manifesta com lesões incomuns; sua patogenicidade ainda não é bem compreendida. Este estudo objetivou descrever as lesões no fígado e alterações enzimáticas associadas à infecção natural por P. fastosum em 47 gatos errantes em uma área endêmica. No total, 38,3% (18/47) dos gatos estavam parasitados, e 2.358 trematódeos (P. fastosum) foram coletados (131 intensidade média de parasitismo; 50,2 abundância média). A quantidade de alanina transaminase (ALT) foi significativamente maior nos animais parasitados, enquanto a fosfatase alcalina (ALP) não apresentou diferença estatística entre os animais parasitados e não parasitados. Nos animais infectados, lesões patológicas macroscópicas e microscópicas hepáticas variaram de leve a grave, e foram semelhantes a descrições anteriores de platinossomiase felina. No entanto, a intensidade do parasitismo não foi relacionada à gravidade das lesões hepáticas macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Contudo, a platinossomiase felina deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de distúrbios hepáticos em felinos, assim como, em qualquer programa de controle de helmintos, mesmo que nenhuma anormalidade clínica esteja presente.(AU)

Helmintofauna de cães errantes (Canis lupus familiaris) de Cuiabá, Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Helminths parasites of stray dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from Cuiabá, Midwestern of Brazil

Helminths cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in animals, especially in neonates and young animals. Some species of helminth parasites of domestic animals have zoonotic potential, becoming a public health problem, especially when combined with lack of information about the population of these zoonosis and lack of control over of their hosts. This study aimed to identify and quantify the species of helminths from dogs that are not domiciled in the region of Cuiabá, in the Midwest region of Brazil. A total of 100 animals, from the Center for Zoonosis Control of Cuiabá were euthanized and necropsied for helminth searching. Overall 8,217 helminths were found in 85 animals identified in six species: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma. braziliense, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum. It was evidenced the wide distribution of helminths pathogenic to domestic dogs and especially with zoonotic potential as A. caninum, T. canis, D. caninum and D. immitis. The presence of D. immitis is an important finding, since it is a potentially zoonotic agent, however, this finding is considered sporadic.(AU)

Helmintos causam infecções respiratórias e gastrointestinais em animais, especialmente em neonatos e animais jovens. Algumas espécies de helmintos de animais domésticos possuem potencial zoonótico, se tornando um problema de saúde pública, especialmente quando adicionados a falta de informação da população sobre estas zoonoses e a falta de controle da população de hospedeiros. Este estudo objetivou identificar e quantificar as espécies de helmintos de cães não domiciliados na região de Cuiabá, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Um total de 100 animais do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Cuiabá foram eutanasiados e necropsiados para a procura de helmintos. Ao todo 8.217 helmintos foram encontrados em 85 animais e identificados em seis espécies: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma. braziliense, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dirofilaria immitis e Dipylidium caninum. Ficou evidente a alta distribuição de helmintos patogênicos para cães e especialmente com potencial zoonótico como A. caninum, T. canis, D. caninum e D. immitis. A presença de D. immitis é um achado importante, considerando o potencial zoonótico do agente, entretanto, o achado é considerado esporádico.(AU)

Detection of Ehrlichia canis in domestic cats in the central-western region of Brazil

Ehrlichiosis is a worldwide distributed disease caused by different bacteria of the Ehrlichia genus that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Its occurrence in dogs is considered endemic in several regions of Brazil. Regarding cats, however, few studies have been done and, consequently, there is not enough data available. In order to detect Ehrlichia spp. in cats from the central-western region of Brazil, blood and serum samples were collected from a regional population of 212 individuals originated from the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande. These animals were tested by the Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) designed to amplify a 409 bp fragment of the dsb gene. The results obtained show that 88 (41.5%) cats were seropositive by IFA and 20 (9.4%) cats were positive by PCR. The partial DNA sequence obtained from PCR products yielded twenty samples that were found to match perfectly the Ehrlichia canis sequences deposited on GenBank. The natural transmission of Ehrlichia in cats has not been fully established. Furthermore, tick infestation was not observed in the evaluated cats and was not observed any association between age, gender and positivity of cats in both tests. The present study reports the first serological and molecular detection of E. canis in domestic cats located in the endemic area previously mentioned.

Survey of helminth parasites of cats from the metropolitan area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Estudo da helmintofauna de gatos da região Metropolitana de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Besides presenting zoonotic potential, helminths of cats are responsible for gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. In order to identify the helminthic fauna, prevalence, mean intensity of parasitism (MIP), and mean abundance population (MAP), 146 cats from the metropolitan area of Cuiabá, Midwestern Brazil, were necropsied. In 98 these animals, 12 species of helminths were identified, comprising (species, prevalence, MIP, and MAP, respectively): nematodes (Ancylostoma braziliense [50,68% - 53,64 - 27,18], Ancylostoma tubaeforme [10,27% - 3,6 - 0,37], Toxocara cati [4,11% - 28,33 - 1,16], Physaloptera praeputialis [2,05% - 6,67 - 0,14], Capillaria feliscati [3,42% - 7,4 - 0,25], and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus [1,37%]); cestodes (Spirometra mansonoides [4,11% - 2,0 - 0,08], Dipylidium caninum [3,42% - 5,2 - 0,18], and Taenia taeniformis [0,68% - 1,0 - 0,01]); trematodes (Platynosomum fastosum [26,03% - 179,53 - 46,73]); acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus erraticus [3,42% - 3,2 - 0,11]). Ancylostoma spp., and P. fastosum were the most prevalent with the highest MIP and MAP. We observed the presence of species of helminths with zoonotic potential. This is the first time cats parasitized with Centrorhynchus erraticus are reported in the Americas. That genus is commonly observed in wild animals.

Helmintos de gatos são causadores de doenças gastrintestinais, hepáticas e pulmonares, além de apresentarem potencial zoonótico. Com objetivo de identificar a helmintofauna, prevalência, intensidade média de parasitismo (IMP) e abundãncia média populacional (AMP) foram necropsiados 146 gatos da região metropolitana de Cuiabá, centro-oeste do Brasil. Foram identificadas em 98 animais 12 espécies de helmintos compreendendo (respectivamente espécie, prevalência, IMP e AMP): nematódeos (Ancylostoma braziliense [50,68% - 53,64 - 27,18], Ancylostoma tubaeforme [10,27% - 3,6 - 0,37], Toxocara cati [4,11% - 28,33 - 1,16], Physaloptera praeputialis [2,05% - 6,67 - 0,14], Capillaria feliscati [3,42% - 7,4 - 0,25] e Aelurostrongylus abstrusus [1,37%]); cestódeos (Spirometra mansonoides [4,11% - 2,0 - 0,08], Dipylidium caninum [3,42% - 5,2 - 0,18] e Taenia taeniformis [0,68% - 1,0 - 0,01]); trematódeos (Platynosomum fastosum [26,03% - 179,53 - 46,73]); acantocéfalos (Centrorhynchus erraticus [3,42% - 3,2 - 0,11]). Ancylostoma spp. e Platynosomum fastosum foram os mais prevalentes e com maior IMP e AMP. Esta é primeira descrição do gênero Centrorhynchus erraticus de gatos parasitados nas Américas.

Helmintofauna de cães errantes (Canis lupus familiaris) de Cuiabá, Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Helminths parasites of stray dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from Cuiabá, Midwestern of Brazil

Helminths cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in animals, especially in neonates and young animals. Some species of helminth parasites of domestic animals have zoonotic potential, becoming a public health problem, especially when combined with lack of information about the population of these zoonosis and lack of control over of their hosts. This study aimed to identify and quantify the species of helminths from dogs that are not domiciled in the region of Cuiabá, in the Midwest region of Brazil. A total of 100 animals, from the Center for Zoonosis Control of Cuiabá were euthanized and necropsied for helminth searching. Overall 8,217 helminths were found in 85 animals identified in six species: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma. braziliense, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum. It was evidenced the wide distribution of helminths pathogenic to domestic dogs and especially with zoonotic potential as A. caninum, T. canis, D. caninum and D. immitis. The presence of D. immitis is an important finding, since it is a potentially zoonotic agent, however, this finding is considered sporadic.

Helmintos causam infecções respiratórias e gastrointestinais em animais, especialmente em neonatos e animais jovens. Algumas espécies de helmintos de animais domésticos possuem potencial zoonótico, se tornando um problema de saúde pública, especialmente quando adicionados a falta de informação da população sobre estas zoonoses e a falta de controle da população de hospedeiros. Este estudo objetivou identificar e quantificar as espécies de helmintos de cães não domiciliados na região de Cuiabá, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Um total de 100 animais do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Cuiabá foram eutanasiados e necropsiados para a procura de helmintos. Ao todo 8.217 helmintos foram encontrados em 85 animais e identificados em seis espécies: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma. braziliense, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dirofilaria immitis e Dipylidium caninum. Ficou evidente a alta distribuição de helmintos patogênicos para cães e especialmente com potencial zoonótico como A. caninum, T. canis, D. caninum e D. immitis. A presença de D. immitis é um achado importante, considerando o potencial zoonótico do agente, entretanto, o achado é considerado esporádico.