Characterization of physiological maturity of Physalis peruviana L. fruits / Caracterização da maturidade fisiológica de frutos de Physalis peruviana L

Physalis peruviana L. has great nutritional value and economic viability, representing an innovation for Brazilian horticulture. However, knowing the ideal point of harvesting fruits of this species is a key factor in this process that allows maximum post-harvest utilization, providing better quality and minimal losses when the fruit is harvested at physiological maturity. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the physiological maturity of Physalis peruviana L. fruits. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design in which the treatmentscorresponded to different stages of fruit and seed maturation (20, 27, 34, and 41 days after anthesis [DAA]), with four replicates. The analyzed variables consisted of colorimetry (lightness, chroma and hue angle) of calyx and fruit; fresh weight, diameter (transverse and longitudinal), firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids:titratable acidity ratio, vitamin C and phenolic compounds of fruits; and carotenoids and chlorophyll (a and b) of calyx. The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. Fruits intended for consumption must be harvested after 35 DAA, at which time yellow color and excellent organoleptic and nutritional qualities were observed.(AU)

A Physalis peruviana L. apresenta grande valor nutricional e viabilidade econômica, tornando-se uma inovação para a horticultura brasileira. No entanto, conhecer o ponto ideal de colheita em frutos dessa espécie é um fator primordial nesse processo e que permite o máximo aproveitamento pós-colheita, proporcionando melhor qualidade e mínimo de perdas quando colhidos na maturidade fisiológica. Diante disto, objetivou-se caracterizar a maturidade fisiológica dos frutos de Physalis peruviana L. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde o tratamento consistiu em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto e da semente (20; 27; 34; e 41 dias após a antese), com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas consistiram em colorimetria do cálice e do fruto (luminosidade, cromaticidade e ângulo hue), massa fresca, diâmetro (transversal e longitudinal) do fruto, firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis totais e acidez titulável do fruto, carotenoides, clorofila (a e b) do cálice, vitamina C e compostos fenólicos dos frutos. Os dados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial. Os frutos destinados ao consumo devem ser colhidos após os 35 DAA, momento em que observou-se coloração amarelo e ótimas qualidades organolépticas e nutricionais.(AU)

Lipossarcoma pleomórfico esplênico primário em uma cadela / Primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a bitch

Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...

Lipossarcoma pleomórfico esplênico primário em uma cadela / Primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a bitch

Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...(AU)

Kernicterus in an adult dog

Background: Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a condition rarely observed in animal characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the central nervous system. It is a potentially fatal condition due to bilirubin neurotoxic effects caused by the increase of non-conjugated bilirubin pigment, which passes blood brain barrier and has been attributed to an imbalance between albumin and bilirubin levels. Intracellular bilirubin is toxic for cells and can cause decrease in protein synthesis, specially albumin, depression of cell respiration and cellular death. This paper describes kernicterus in a 2-year-old Great Dane female dog.Case: Clinically, the animal showed apathy, lethargy, weight loss and jaundice, which progressed to vomiting and neurological signs characterized by loss of consciousness and eventually coma. Blood parameters were within normal range, except for high levels of alanine aminotransferase (523 U/L), suggesting a liver lesion. The animal was submitted to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis, and at post-mortem examination it showed dehydration and severe jaundice, especially oral, vaginal and ocular mucosas, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels intima surface. The liver had an accentuated lobular pattern, and the stomach mucosa was reddened. Multiple petechiae were observed in the epicardium, as well as icterus in the blood vessels of the heart. Furthermore, the brain and cerebellum cortex, thalamic region and nuclei region of brainstem showed extensive icteric areas. Microscopically, the liver presented a mononuclear portal hepatitis, centrilobular necrosis and presence of yellowish pigments. The brain had neuronal necrosis, mild vacuolization of the white matter, perineuronal edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes, while cerebellum showed Purkinje cells necrosis. Hepatic cooper measurement was within range values, and direct imunofluorescence for the detection of Leptospira sp. was negative.[...]

Kernicterus in an adult dog

Background: Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy is a condition rarely observed in animal characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the central nervous system. It is a potentially fatal condition due to bilirubin neurotoxic effects caused by the increase of non-conjugated bilirubin pigment, which passes blood brain barrier and has been attributed to an imbalance between albumin and bilirubin levels. Intracellular bilirubin is toxic for cells and can cause decrease in protein synthesis, specially albumin, depression of cell respiration and cellular death. This paper describes kernicterus in a 2-year-old Great Dane female dog.Case: Clinically, the animal showed apathy, lethargy, weight loss and jaundice, which progressed to vomiting and neurological signs characterized by loss of consciousness and eventually coma. Blood parameters were within normal range, except for high levels of alanine aminotransferase (523 U/L), suggesting a liver lesion. The animal was submitted to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis, and at post-mortem examination it showed dehydration and severe jaundice, especially oral, vaginal and ocular mucosas, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels intima surface. The liver had an accentuated lobular pattern, and the stomach mucosa was reddened. Multiple petechiae were observed in the epicardium, as well as icterus in the blood vessels of the heart. Furthermore, the brain and cerebellum cortex, thalamic region and nuclei region of brainstem showed extensive icteric areas. Microscopically, the liver presented a mononuclear portal hepatitis, centrilobular necrosis and presence of yellowish pigments. The brain had neuronal necrosis, mild vacuolization of the white matter, perineuronal edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes, while cerebellum showed Purkinje cells necrosis. Hepatic cooper measurement was within range values, and direct imunofluorescence for the detection of Leptospira sp. was negative.[...](AU)

Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens and Lafoensia pacari and oil resins from Copaifera sp. and Pterodon emarginatus against Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis / Atividade acaricida dos extratos etanólicos de Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. e Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil., bem como das óleo-resinas de Copaifera sp. e Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837 contra Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis

In vitro bioassay using Sarcoptes scabiei as a test microorganism is a viable method of study for diverse drugs with acaricidal properties. A great amount of assays proves the diverse and efficient biological activity of extracts and compounds from Brazilian savanna plants. This study had as main object, test and compare the acaricidal activity of four Brazilian Cerrado bioproducts: Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart., Copaifera sp., Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil. and Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837. To perform this test S. scabiei mites were collected from crusts removed on ears of highly infected sows. The mites were selected and separated in Petri dishes with three different concentrations (25, 50 and 75%) of each bioproduct, to evaluate their potential acaricidal activity. The mortality of the mites was counted in each Petri dish every hour, during five hours. The statistical analyses demonstrated differences between the bioproducts tested. The oleoresin of Copaifera sp. and P. emarginatus presented the best results with 100% of mites mortality after treatment. The ethanolic extracts of S. adstringens and L. pacari demonstrated lower acaricidal activity when compared to the oleoresins, with little or no difference among the control groups tested. This bioassay demonstrated to be efficient, reliable, low cost and easy accomplishment. Oil resins from Copaifera sp. and P. emarginatus have in vitro acaricidal activity against adult females of S. scabiei var. suis.(AU)

O uso de Sarcoptes scabiei como microrganismo teste para bioensaio in vitro é um método de estudo viável para diversas drogas acaricidas. Muitos ensaios comprovam a diversidade e eficiência de atividade biocida de extratos e componentes presentes em plantas do cerrado brasileiro. Este trabalho objetivou testar e comparar a atividade acaricida de quatro bioprodutos do cerrado brasileiro: Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart., Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil., Copaifera sp. e Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837. Para este estudo, ácaros S. scabiei foram colhidos em crostas removidas de orelhas de fêmeas suínas altamente infestadas. Os ácaros foram selecionados, separados e colocados em placas de Petri com três diferentes concentrações (25, 50 e 75%) de bioprodutos, para avaliar o potencial de atividade acaricida de cada um. Foi realizada a contagem da mortalidade dos ácaros em cada placa de Petri a cada hora, durante cinco horas. As análises estatísticas demonstraram diferenças entre os bioprodutos testados. As óleo-resinas de Copaifera sp. e P. emarginatus apresentaram os melhores resultados, com 100% de mortalidade dos ácaros após tratamento. Os extratos etanólicos de S. adstringens Mart. e L. pacari demonstraram menor atividade acaricida quando comparados as óleo-resinas, com pequena ou nenhuma diferença entre os resultados dos grupos controle. Este ensaio demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente, confiável, de baixo custo e de fácil realização. As óleo-resinas Copaifera sp. e P. emarginatus possuem atividade acaricida in vitro sobre fêmeas adultas de S. scabiei var. suis.(AU)

Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens and Lafoensia pacari and oil resins from Copaifera sp. and Pterodon emarginatus against Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis / Atividade acaricida dos extratos etanólicos de Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. e Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil., bem como das óleo-resinas de Copaifera sp. e Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837 contra Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis

In vitro bioassay using Sarcoptes scabiei as a test microorganism is a viable method of study for diverse drugs with acaricidal properties. A great amount of assays proves the diverse and efficient biological activity of extracts and compounds from Brazilian savanna plants. This study had as main object, test and compare the acaricidal activity of four Brazilian Cerrado bioproducts: Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart., Copaifera sp., Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil. and Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837. To perform this test S. scabiei mites were collected from crusts removed on ears of highly infected sows. The mites were selected and separated in Petri dishes with three different concentrations (25, 50 and 75%) of each bioproduct, to evaluate their potential acaricidal activity. The mortality of the mites was counted in each Petri dish every hour, during five hours. The statistical analyses demonstrated differences between the bioproducts tested. The oleoresin of Copaifera sp. and P. emarginatus presented the best results with 100% of mites mortality after treatment. The ethanolic extracts of S. adstringens and L. pacari demonstrated lower acaricidal activity when compared to the oleoresins, with little or no difference among the control groups tested. This bioassay demonstrated to be efficient, reliable, low cost and easy accomplishment. Oil resins from Copaifera sp. and P. emarginatus have in vitro acaricidal activity against adult females of S. scabiei var. suis.(AU)

O uso de Sarcoptes scabiei como microrganismo teste para bioensaio in vitro é um método de estudo viável para diversas drogas acaricidas. Muitos ensaios comprovam a diversidade e eficiência de atividade biocida de extratos e componentes presentes em plantas do cerrado brasileiro. Este trabalho objetivou testar e comparar a atividade acaricida de quatro bioprodutos do cerrado brasileiro: Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart., Lafoensia pacari A. St Hil., Copaifera sp. e Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, 1837. Para este estudo, ácaros S. scabiei foram colhidos em crostas removidas de orelhas de fêmeas suínas altamente infestadas. Os ácaros foram selecionados, separados e colocados em placas de Petri com três diferentes concentrações (25, 50 e 75%) de bioprodutos, para avaliar o potencial de atividade acaricida de cada um. Foi realizada a contagem da mortalidade dos ácaros em cada placa de Petri a cada hora, durante cinco horas. As análises estatísticas demonstraram diferenças entre os bioprodutos testados. As óleo-resinas de Copaifera sp. e P. emarginatus apresentaram os melhores resultados, com 100% de mortalidade dos ácaros após tratamento. Os extratos etanólicos de S. adstringens Mart. e L. pacari demonstraram menor atividade acaricida quando comparados as óleo-resinas, com pequena ou nenhuma diferença entre os resultados dos grupos controle. Este ensaio demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente, confiável, de baixo custo e de fácil realização. As óleo-resinas Copaifera sp. e P. emarginatus possuem atividade acaricida in vitro sobre fêmeas adultas de S. scabiei var. suis.(AU)

Imunomarcação de Leishmania sp. e aspectos histológicos na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi / Hystopathology and Leishmania sp. Immunostaining in third eyelid of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the varioustissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for theleishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out theparasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasinaturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologicevaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the thirdeyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitizedhistiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasiawere often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland(TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.(AU)

Imunomarcação de Leishmania sp. e aspectos histológicos na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi / Hystopathology and Leishmania sp. Immunostaining in third eyelid of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the varioustissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for theleishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out theparasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasinaturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologicevaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the thirdeyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitizedhistiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasiawere often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland(TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

IMUNOMARCAÇÃO DE Leishmania sp. E ASPECTOS HISTOLÓGICOS NA TERCEIRA PÁLPEBRA DE CÃES NATURALMENTE INFECTADOS POR Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the various tissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for the leishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out the parasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologic evaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the third eyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitized histiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasia were often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland (TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre os vários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular tem sido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vinte e seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HE e à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observada na conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária, com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perda de estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achados costumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado, acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímica revelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

Malformações congênitas multissistêmicas em um feto bovino abortado / Congenital multisystemic malformations in an aborted bovine fetus

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural and functional abnormalities that are present at birth, and they are frequently the result of environmental or genetic factors or both. Their etiology may also be related to infectious agents, such as viruses, hereditary factors, or the ingestion of toxic plants or chemical agents. Congenital anomalies usually occur sporadically, but they also can occur as outbreaks. The objective of this paper is to describe the multiple congenital malformations observed in an aborted bovine fetus. Case: A bovine fetus was sent to Laboratory Veterinary Pathology UFRGS for necropsy, histological analysis and complementary exams such as bacteriology, direct immunofluorescence for Leptospira sp. and immunohistochemistry for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). The fetus presented multiple congenital alterations, such as dextraposition of the aorta and absence of the pulmonary artery, tracheal stenosis, a hypoplastic lung, multiple heart defects, arthrogryposis, osteopetrosis, and the absence of the middle phalanx and accessory digits in the forelimbs. Furthermore, dystocia and enlargement of the liver were observed, the organ showed irregular surface, firm consistency and nodular formation. A histological exam verified the accentuated hepatic periportal fibrosis. All complementary exams were negative. Discussion: Congenital anomalies can affect only one organ or can be multisystemic due to a malformation of one part of the body leading to the loss of another. Arthrogryposis can delay delivery, and signs of dystocia may be present in the resulting fetus. The etiology of arthrogryposis is difficult to determine, and even studies that were previously performed in ruminants have failed to identify a specific agent. Osteopetrosis, which was also observed, is a congenital skeletal anomaly caused by the failed resorption of cartilage and endochondral bone, and it has been associated with intrauterine BVDV infections, can also be associated with autosomal recessive genes in the Angus bovine breed. Congenital heart defects are relatively rare in cattle. Ventricular sept defects and transposition of the great vessels are two of the most common cardiovascular anomalies in bovines, and they can occur individually or in association with other heart defects. Generally, these malformations are linked to genetic factors. In this study, the animal presented with several conformational heart defects that resulted in embryonic development alterations in its structure or that resulted in progressive heart failure. Blood flow changes caused by an anatomic defect can significantly influence the structural and functional development of the circulation, resulting in secondary alterations. In this case, the primary defect is hard to determine, but the observed bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia may be the consequence of a blood flow decrease to the lungs because the pulmonary artery was absent. Pulmonary hypoplasia is defined as the incomplete development of the lungs, reducing the number of divisions of the bronchial tree and the associated alveoli. Many causes of pulmonary hypoplasia have been described in human beings and animals, such as chest abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, chromosome anomalies, musculoskeletal disorders and heart failure. The accentuated hepatic fibrosis observed in this study, which was predominantly periportal, correlated with congestive heart failure due to the cardiac and pulmonary malformation observed in the fetus, which would have altered the systemic blood flow. It is suggested that the studied case is a congenital malformation of sporadic origin, characterized by multiple deformities associated with unknown genetic factors.

Metodologia aplicada na avaliação de fetos suínos abortados e natimortos / Methodology used in the evaluation of stillborns and aborted fetuses from swine

Este artigo revisa dados relativos à realização de necropsia em fetos suínos abortados e natimortos. Aspectos descritos incluem coleta de material, procedimentos de necropsia, achados macroscópicos e histopatológicos alguns dos quais de pouco ou nenhum significado patológico são frequentemente observados numa rotina de diagnóstico e geralmente interpretados erroneamente como lesões reais ou de importância.(AU)

This paper reviews information on necropsies in stillborn and aborted fetuses from swine. Aspects dealt with include sampling collection, necropsy procedures, gross and histopathological findings, some of which are of little or no pathological significance but often observed in the routine diagnostic work and misinterpreted as real or important lesions.(AU)

Detecção do vírus da diarreia viral bovina em carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus alimentados em bovino persistentemente infectado / Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks fed on persistently infected cattle

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the main agents that cause economical losses in cattle worldwide. Congenitally infected calves that are born persistently infected (PI) to BVDV are the main sources of infection to susceptible cattle. Direct contact is the most important form of transmission, but indirect contact can also spread BVDV, not only inside herds, but also between them. Transmission of BVDV by haematophagous insects has been proven experimentally, but the role of ticks in the transmission of BVDV has never been investigated. Ticks can heavily infest cattle raised in tropical areas and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the most important among them. The present experiment was carried out to investigate the role of R. microplus ticks in the transmission of BVDV, experimentally infecting PI calf with ticks. Material, Methods and Results: Three calves were used in the experiment: one PI calf was identified from a natural.

Hemoperitoneum in a Dog with Hepatic Splenosis

Ectopic splenic tissue results from the autotransplantation and seeding of splenic tissue, often secondary to splenic trauma or splenectomy. Splenic implantations occur mostly as nodules within the peritoneal cavity and constitute an incidental finding at necropsy, surgery, or imaging investigations. This report addresses a case of hemoperitoneum associated with hepatic splenosis in a dog that became ill several years after splenic trauma.

Hemoperitoneum in a Dog with Hepatic Splenosis

Ectopic splenic tissue results from the autotransplantation and seeding of splenic tissue, often secondary to splenic trauma or splenectomy. Splenic implantations occur mostly as nodules within the peritoneal cavity and constitute an incidental finding at necropsy, surgery, or imaging investigations. This report addresses a case of hemoperitoneum associated with hepatic splenosis in a dog that became ill several years after splenic trauma.(AU)

Detecção do vírus da diarreia viral bovina em carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus alimentados em bovino persistentemente infectado / Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks fed on persistently infected cattle

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the main agents that cause economical losses in cattle worldwide. Congenitally infected calves that are born persistently infected (PI) to BVDV are the main sources of infection to susceptible cattle. Direct contact is the most important form of transmission, but indirect contact can also spread BVDV, not only inside herds, but also between them. Transmission of BVDV by haematophagous insects has been proven experimentally, but the role of ticks in the transmission of BVDV has never been investigated. Ticks can heavily infest cattle raised in tropical areas and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the most important among them. The present experiment was carried out to investigate the role of R. microplus ticks in the transmission of BVDV, experimentally infecting PI calf with ticks. Material, Methods and Results: Three calves were used in the experiment: one PI calf was identified from a natural.(AU)

Intoxicação experimental por Aspergillus clavatus em ovinos / Experimental poisoning by Aspergillus clavatus in sheep

Descreve-se a reprodução experimental de doença neurológica em ovinos através da administração de bagaço de malte (resíduo cervejaria) contaminado com Aspergillus clavatus. Esse resíduo de cervejaria, cujas amostras revelaram cultura pura de A. clavatus, estava sendo utilizado em duas propriedades, onde ocorreram surtos da doença em bovinos. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se cerca de 2 a 6 dias após a administração do subproduto ou da cultura e a evolução clínica foi de 1,5 a 12 dias. Os sinais clínicos, que foram predominantemente locomotores e respiratórios, incluíram tremores musculares, hiperestesia, taquipnéia progressiva, rigidez de membros pélvicos (mais evidente à locomoção), fraqueza dos posteriores e decúbito. Um ovino também apresentou apoio ocasional sobre os boletos dos membros pélvicos. As anormalidades locomotoras e tremores eram intensificados pelo exercício. Entretanto, em 6 dos 7 ovinos, o apetite e a dipsia eram mantidas até próximo à morte ou eutanásia. O principal achado histológico consistia de degeneração e necrose neuronal cromatolítica em núcleos nervosos específicos do tronco encefálico, cornos ventrais da medula espinhal e gânglios espinhais, trigeminal, estrelado e celíaco. Três ovinos também apresentaram degeneração e necrose leves em músculos dos membros pélvicos e torácicos.(AU)

This paper describes the experimental reproduction of a neurological condition in sheep by the administration of a beer by-product contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus. Samples of this by-product, in which pure cultures of A. clavatus grew, originated from two farms where outbreaks of A. clavatus poisoning in cattle had occurred. The onset of symptomatology was 2 to 6 days after dosage with the contaminated beer by-product or pure A. clavatus culture. The clinical course lasted from one and a half to 12 days. Clinical signs were predominantly of locomotor and respiratory nature and included muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, and progressive tachypnea, rigidity of the pelvic limbs, posterior weakness, and recumbency. One sheep also showed occasional knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities and tremors were more pronounced after exercise. In 6 of 7 sheep, appetite and dypsia were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the spinal, trigeminal, stellate and celiac ganglions. Three sheep also presented slight degenerative and necrotic changes in muscles of the pelvic and thoracic limbs.(AU)

Obstrução intestinal por necrose massiva de gordura abdominal (lipomatose) em uma vaca Jersey / Intestinal obstruction due to massive fat necrosis (lipomatosis) in a Jersey cow

Uma fêmea da raça Jersey com 9 anos de idade apresentou cólicas e dificuldade de defecação progressiva que evoluiu até completa obstrução intestinal. O animal morreu uma semana após uma tentativa infrutífera de corrigir cirurgicamente a obstrução. Na necropsia, as alças intestinais estavam distendidas por acúmulo de cont aeúdo fecal e havia massas de gordura necrótica circundando o segmento final do intestino. Os achados histológicos foram necrose da gordura associada à fibrose intersticial, inflamação crônica com células gigantes tipo corpo estranho, fendas de colesterol e mineralização.(AU)

A 9 year-old Jersey cow showed a clinical picture that initiated with colic, small amounts of feces, and progressed to the complete obstruction of the intestinal passage. The cow died one week after an unsuccessful cirurgic attempt to correct obstruction. At necropsy, the intestinal loops were distended by content accumulation and there were masses of necrotic fat surrounding the final segment of the intestine. The histological findings were fatty necrosis associated with interstitial fibrosis, chronic inflammation with foreign body type giant cells, cholesterol clefts and mineralization.(AU)

Achados clínico patológicos durante um surto de disenteria de inverno em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul / Clinic pathological features during a winter dysentery outbreak in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul

Descreve-se um surto de disenteria de inverno que afetou 10 vacas leiteiras de uma propriedade localizada em Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. O quadro clínico caracterizou-se por uma diarréia inicialmente líquida esverdeada com estrias de sangue e muco, evoluindo, em alguns animais, para uma diarréia de coloração marrom escura à sanguinolenta, que persistiu, em média, cinco dias. Drástica diminuição na produção de leite e no consumo de alimentos, além de graus variados de depressão também foram observados. Apenas um dos 10 animais afetados morreu. Durante a necropsia, observaram-se mucosas pálidas, conteúdo sanguinolento com presença de grande quantidade de coágulos, principalmente no cólon espiral e petéquias na mucosa do cólon. Os principais achados histológicos foram encontradas no cólon espiral, onde havia criptas dilatadas, sem epitélio de revestimento ou revestidas por epitélio pavimentoso e/ou cuboidal, por vezes com núcleos grandes e nucléolos proeminentes. Algumas criptas eram preenchidas por debris necróticos e polimorfonucleares. Na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal para coronavírus bovino (8F2) em cortes do cólon espiral, havia marcações positivas no citoplasma de enterócitos das criptas, nos debris necróticos destas e em macrófagos na lâmina própria.(AU)

The report describes a winter dysentery outbreak that affected 10 dairy cows from a ranch located in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. The most significant clinical sign was profuse and watery diarrhea, which ranged from a greenish to a brownish coloration and from occasional blood streaks with mucus to a bloody diarrhea. Most cases persisted for 5 days and also included depression, drastic decrease in milk production and in food consumption. Only one of the affected animals died. The necropsy revealed pale mucosa and sanguineous content with high quantity of blood clots, particularly within the spiral colon, and petechiae on the colonic mucosa. Histopathological lesions were predominant in the spiral colon, and consisted of a high number of dilated crypts without epithelium or with the replacement of a pavement epithelium with occasional immature cuboidal cells, which sometimes showed enlarged nucleus and proeminent nucleolus. Some crypts were filled with epithelial desquamation and polymorphnuclear cells. Bovine coronavirus (8F2) monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemistry on sections of the spiral colon that showed positive reactions in the cytoplasm of the infected crypt epithelium, sloughed necrotic cells, and within macrophages in the lamina propria of both.(AU)

Achados clínico patológicos durante um surto de disenteria de inverno em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul / Clinic pathological features during a winter dysentery outbreak in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul

Descreve-se um surto de disenteria de inverno que afetou 10 vacas leiteiras de uma propriedade localizada em Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. O quadro clínico caracterizou-se por uma diarréia inicialmente líquida esverdeada com estrias de sangue e muco, evoluindo, em alguns animais, para uma diarréia de coloração marrom escura à sanguinolenta, que persistiu, em média, cinco dias. Drástica diminuição na produção de leite e no consumo de alimentos, além de graus variados de depressão também foram observados. Apenas um dos 10 animais afetados morreu. Durante a necropsia, observaram-se mucosas pálidas, conteúdo sanguinolento com presença de grande quantidade de coágulos, principalmente no cólon espiral e petéquias na mucosa do cólon. Os principais achados histológicos foram encontradas no cólon espiral, onde havia criptas dilatadas, sem epitélio de revestimento ou revestidas por epitélio pavimentoso e/ou cuboidal, por vezes com núcleos grandes e nucléolos proeminentes. Algumas criptas eram preenchidas por debris necróticos e polimorfonucleares. Na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal para coronavírus bovino (8F2) em cortes do cólon espiral, havia marcações positivas no citoplasma de enterócitos das criptas, nos debris necróticos destas e em macrófagos na lâmina própria.(AU)

The report describes a winter dysentery outbreak that affected 10 dairy cows from a ranch located in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. The most significant clinical sign was profuse and watery diarrhea, which ranged from a greenish to a brownish coloration and from occasional blood streaks with mucus to a bloody diarrhea. Most cases persisted for 5 days and also included depression, drastic decrease in milk production and in food consumption. Only one of the affected animals died. The necropsy revealed pale mucosa and sanguineous content with high quantity of blood clots, particularly within the spiral colon, and petechiae on the colonic mucosa. Histopathological lesions were predominant in the spiral colon, and consisted of a high number of dilated crypts without epithelium or with the replacement of a pavement epithelium with occasional immature cuboidal cells, which sometimes showed enlarged nucleus and proeminent nucleolus. Some crypts were filled with epithelial desquamation and polymorphnuclear cells. Bovine coronavirus (8F2) monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemistry on sections of the spiral colon that showed positive reactions in the cytoplasm of the infected crypt epithelium, sloughed necrotic cells, and within macrophages in the lamina propria of both.(AU)