Passive immunity in foals born from mares vaccinated against Theileira equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies equi / Imunidade passiva em potros provenientes de éguas vacinadas contra Theileira equi e Streptococcus equi subspécie equi

The aims of this study were: 1) determine total specific IgG and subisotypes in serum and colostrum of pregnant mares vaccinated against Theileria equi and Streptococcus equi subspecies equi; 2) determine total specific IgG and subisotypes in foals born from these mares. In mares, the highest total serum IgG value for T. equi was at 335 days of gestation declining 30 days postpartum, while for S. equi was at 328 days of gestation remaining high up to 30 days postpartum. Transfer of passive immunity against both antigens was observed with specific IgG values in colostrum and foals' serum proportional to mares' values. The most detected specific IgG subisotypes were IgG3/5 and IgG4/7 for both antigens. Foals born from mares immunized with T. equi kept maternal IgG values until 2 months of age, while those born from mares immunized with S. equi kept maternal IgG values until 3-4 months of age. These results suggest that foals should be vaccinated after this period.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) determinar IgG total específica e seus subisotipos no soro e colostro de éguas vacinadas contra Theileria equi e Streptococcus equi subspécie equi; 2) determinar IgG total específica e seus subisotipos em potros provenientes dessas éguas. Em éguas vacinadas contra T. equi, o maior nível sérico de IgG total específico ocorreu aos 335 dias de gestação, decaindo 30 dias pós parto, enquanto nas vacinadas contra S. equi, ocorreu aos 328 dias de gestação e manteve-se pelo mesmo período. A avaliação de IgG total específica no colostro de éguas vacinadas demonstrou níveis de IgG proporcionais aos títulos do soro materno. Os isotipos de IgG mais detectados foram IgG3/5 e IgG4/7 para ambos antígenos avaliados. Potros provenientes de éguas vacinadas com antígeno de T. equi mantiveram os níveis de IgG específica até dois meses de idade, enquanto potros provenientes de éguas vacinadas com antígeno de S. equi mantiveram por três a quatro meses, sugerindo que esse seja o período ideal para início do esquema vacinal em potros.

Occurrence of Gasterophilus spp. in weanling foals in southern Brazil

The occurrence of gastrointestinal myiasis caused by Gasterophilus spp. larvae (Diptera: Oestridae) in adult horses has been widely characterized, however data on natural infestation in young foals have been lacking. This observation may be related to the absence of conclusive diagnosis in these individuals, most likely due to logistical or financial constraints. Gastric ulceration is a problem and a significant cause of morbidity in foals, particularly during the weaning stage; therefore, gasterophilosis should be included in the differential diagnosis. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gasterophilosis in 4- to 6-month-old weanling foals. Seventy-one healthy weanling foals were enrolled in the study. Physical assessment blood sampling and was completed in all foals before the commencement of the experiment. Gastroscopy examinations were performed under sedation (Detomidine 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg) with a flexible endoscope inserted through nasogastric via. The lumen of the stomach was examined in order to search for botflies' larvae. Following gastroscopy, foals were classified into 2 groups based on the presence of Gasterophilus spp. larvae in their stomachs: 1) Infected and 2) Not Infected. Infected foals received a single dose of commercial trichlorfon and albendazole equine oral gel and were stalled for 24 h. The passed feces were thoroughly examined, searching for elimination of larvae. A total of 64% of the foals (n = 45/71) harbored Gasterophilus spp. larvae in the stomach. Mild hyperemia in the gastric mucosa was observed in the attachment sites of the parasites. Physical assessment and hematological parameters' data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Comparison between groups for clinical signs, hematological parameters and Gasterophilus spp. infection rates were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test or Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. There were no statistically significant variations in physical and hematological parameters between foals that were affected and those that were not infected. The larvae found in the feces were subjected to morphological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of Gasterophilus intestinalis. No systemic clinical indications compatible with Gasterophilus spp. infestation were seen, as described in previous studies of horses infected with the parasite. No botfly eggs were observed in the hair of evaluated foals. During gastroscopy, mild hyperemic lesions in the gastric mucosa were observed in the larvae fixation sites. Although no changes in clinical or hematological parameters were noted, the confirmation of parasite presence is a cause for concern due to horses' tolerance for low infestation levels and poor diagnosis. Additionally, the presence of this myiasis in foals may be a significant stressor during the weaning period and should be included in the differential diagnosis of recurring abdominal pain. Furthermore, infected foals might be a reservoir for the parasite and, contribute to the elimination and spread of the larvae in the environment. Thus, inclusion of young horses in deworming protocols targeted to botfly larvae is needed. This is the first report of Gasterophilus intestinalis myiasis in foals in Brazil. Further research is necessary to fully understand the epidemiology and prevalence of this condition in young horses in Brazil, based on the findings of this study.(AU)

Development of a weight-estimation model to use in pregnant criollo-type mares / Modelo para estimativa de peso em éguas gestantes mestiças crioulas

The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the tape weight and associated weight-estimation formula to evaluate weight gain in pregnant mares, and 2) to develop a mathematical model to estimate the weight of pregnant mares using body measurements. Thirty-four criollo-type mares were evaluated every two weeks during the middle and late pregnancy. The mares were weighed on a livestock scale, and we estimated body weight using tape weights and an associated body-weight estimation formula. Also, heart-girth circumference (heartgirth) and abdominal circumference were measured; the latter at the 12th intercostal space (12th ICS) and 18th rib (18th Rib), to use in a mathematical model to estimate the weight of pregnant mares. Observations were divided into three periods of pregnancy: 5th to 7 h month, 7th to 9 h month, and 9th to 11th month. Mares in late pregnancy showed an increase in actual weight and an increase in 12th ICS and 18th Rib measurements. Tape weight and body-weight estimation formula underestimated the weight of pregnant mares. However, the regression model using heart-girth circumference, 12th ICS, and 18th Rib measurements showed high correlation (r2 = 0.87, P 0.001) with actual weight. Finally, the alternative methods usually used in horses are not accurate to estimate body weight in pregnant mares. In conclusion, the regression model Y=-540.143 + (heartgirth x 3.068) + (12th ICS x 1.278) + (18th Rib x 0.944) can be used to estimate body weight in pregnant mares from the 5th to 11th months of pregnancy.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivos: 1) comparar a utilização dos métodos alternativos fita de pesagem e peso metabólico em éguas gestantes e; 2) desenvolver um modelo matemático para estimar o peso de éguas gestantes, baseado em medidas corporais. Trinta e quatro éguas foram avaliadas quinzenalmente durante o terço médio e final da gestação. Foi realizada a pesagem em balança comercial; a mensuração com a fita de peso para equinos; o cálculo do peso metabólico; as medidas de perímetro torácico (Ptorac); a mensuração abdominal no décimo segundo espaço intercostal (12EI) e na décima oitava costela (18Cost). As observações foram divididas em três períodos gestacionais: Período de 5 a 7 meses, Período de 7 a 9 meses e Período de 9 a 11 meses. As éguas demonstraram incremento no peso na balança e na mensuração abdominal no 12EI e 18Cost no terço final da gestação. A utilização da fita de pesagem e o cálculo de peso metabólico subestimaram o peso na balança em éguas gestantes. O modelo de regressão utilizando o Ptorac, 12EI e 18Cost apresentou alta correção (r2=0,87; P 0,001) com o peso na balança. Observou-se que os métodos alternativos de pesagem, usualmente utilizados, não apresentaram a mesma eficiência em éguas prenhes. Pode-se concluir que o modelo de regressão Y=-540,143+(Ptorac X 3,068) + (12EI X 1,278) + (18Cost X 0,944) pode ser utilizado para mensurar o peso em éguas gestantes a partir do 5º mês de gestação.(AU)

Enterolithiasis in Crioulo horses / ptla

Background: Enteroliths are intestinal mineral calculi predominantly composed of struvite. In horses this material accumulates concentrically around a core, causing total or partial obstruction of the higher and lower colon, and can lead to death by rupture. The enterolithiasis has worldwide distribution, and occurs frequently in Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Crioulo Horses. The aim of this work is to report a sequence of cases of Crioulo Horses with enterolithiasis, linking risk factors through historical analysis, clinical presentation and management employed by the breeding farms. Case: Between the years 2012 and 2015, 16 Crioulo Horses with colic syndrome caused by enteroliths were treated at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), RS, Brazil and Clínica Hípica, in Porto Alegre, RS. The group was formed predominantly by males, weighted 430 kg in average and the average age was eight years old. All horses underwent general and specific clinical examination, laboratory tests and surgical procedure to remove the enterolith. After discharge, there was an epidemiological questionnaire seeking information about the history, food and environmental management that could be related to the development of enterolithiasis. In relationship to the history of previous episodes of colic, the results were: 4 horses (25%) had no previous episodes of [...]

Enterolithiasis in Crioulo horses / ptla

Background: Enteroliths are intestinal mineral calculi predominantly composed of struvite. In horses this material accumulates concentrically around a core, causing total or partial obstruction of the higher and lower colon, and can lead to death by rupture. The enterolithiasis has worldwide distribution, and occurs frequently in Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Crioulo Horses. The aim of this work is to report a sequence of cases of Crioulo Horses with enterolithiasis, linking risk factors through historical analysis, clinical presentation and management employed by the breeding farms. Case: Between the years 2012 and 2015, 16 Crioulo Horses with colic syndrome caused by enteroliths were treated at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), RS, Brazil and Clínica Hípica, in Porto Alegre, RS. The group was formed predominantly by males, weighted 430 kg in average and the average age was eight years old. All horses underwent general and specific clinical examination, laboratory tests and surgical procedure to remove the enterolith. After discharge, there was an epidemiological questionnaire seeking information about the history, food and environmental management that could be related to the development of enterolithiasis. In relationship to the history of previous episodes of colic, the results were: 4 horses (25%) had no previous episodes of [...](AU)

Aneurysm in the distal portion of the extern jugular vein in a horse / Aneurisma de porção distal da veia jugular externa em equino

Background: Aneurysm is a vascular disease that causes the partial rupture of arteries and veins and subsequent blood leakage due to the weakening of the vessels elastic middle layer. Venous aneurysms in horses are rare, but the arterial aneurysms are commonly reported. The aim of this paper is to report a rare occurrence of jugular external aneurysm in a horse and propose the inclusion this disease as a differential diagnosis, both because it is rare in this specie and invariably fatal. The medical examination showed a firm well-defined mass, painless, nonpulsatile on palpation and with no changed in the local temperature. Case: The horse was referred to the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel, RS-Brazil. It was a male, Crioulo breed, 10 years old, used as stallion. The owner reported a swelling in the pectoral region that occurred after a trauma episode that had gradually grown for two years. The patient was clinically stable, and would undergo surgery extirpation for aesthetic matters. Clinical examination showed the swelling was circumscribed and centralized and it presented about 20 centimeters in diameter. The ultrasound of the pectoral area showed an anechoic structure with hyperechoic spots inside limited by an hyperechoic layer similar to a fibrous capsule. Presumptive diagnostics were of: hematoma, subcutaneous abscess, neoplasia, and [...]

Post-partum utero-ovarian artery rupture in mare / Ruptura da artéria útero-ovariana em égua no pós-parto

Background: Arterial rupture associated with pregnancy is an important cause of fatal hemorrhage in pregnant mares, regardless breeds and age. Such hemorrhagic events lead to blood loss into the abdomen, broad ligament and uterus and the broad ligament hematoma occurs as a consequence of arterial rupture. Although the rupture of the uterine artery is commonly caused by hemorrhage, there are few studies regarding this condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe a case of rupture of the utero-ovarian artery, with broad ligament hematoma and intramural uterine hematoma in a Thoroughbred mare, emphasizing the predisposing factors and the diagnosis process. Case: A 13-year-old Thoroughbred mare, with nine parturition, was attended with abdominal pain after foaling. The mare had an eutocic delivery, however the foal was a big one to the race, with high of 1,02 m and weight of 68 kg. The animal arrived at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital 48 h after delivery, with abdominal pain, pale mucous membranes, heart rate slightly increased. The trans-rectal palpation revealed the presence of a solid mass in the left horn region, and it was painful to the touch. The ultrasonography evaluation of the mass showed a heterogeneous texture with a hypoechoic central area, which reinforced the clinical suspicion of a hematoma in the broad ligament and a uterine intramural hematoma. [...]

Post-partum utero-ovarian artery rupture in mare / Ruptura da artéria útero-ovariana em égua no pós-parto

Background: Arterial rupture associated with pregnancy is an important cause of fatal hemorrhage in pregnant mares, regardless breeds and age. Such hemorrhagic events lead to blood loss into the abdomen, broad ligament and uterus and the broad ligament hematoma occurs as a consequence of arterial rupture. Although the rupture of the uterine artery is commonly caused by hemorrhage, there are few studies regarding this condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe a case of rupture of the utero-ovarian artery, with broad ligament hematoma and intramural uterine hematoma in a Thoroughbred mare, emphasizing the predisposing factors and the diagnosis process. Case: A 13-year-old Thoroughbred mare, with nine parturition, was attended with abdominal pain after foaling. The mare had an eutocic delivery, however the foal was a big one to the race, with high of 1,02 m and weight of 68 kg. The animal arrived at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital 48 h after delivery, with abdominal pain, pale mucous membranes, heart rate slightly increased. The trans-rectal palpation revealed the presence of a solid mass in the left horn region, and it was painful to the touch. The ultrasonography evaluation of the mass showed a heterogeneous texture with a hypoechoic central area, which reinforced the clinical suspicion of a hematoma in the broad ligament and a uterine intramural hematoma. [...](AU)

Aneurysm in the distal portion of the extern jugular vein in a horse / Aneurisma de porção distal da veia jugular externa em equino

Background: Aneurysm is a vascular disease that causes the partial rupture of arteries and veins and subsequent blood leakage due to the weakening of the vessels elastic middle layer. Venous aneurysms in horses are rare, but the arterial aneurysms are commonly reported. The aim of this paper is to report a rare occurrence of jugular external aneurysm in a horse and propose the inclusion this disease as a differential diagnosis, both because it is rare in this specie and invariably fatal. The medical examination showed a firm well-defined mass, painless, nonpulsatile on palpation and with no changed in the local temperature. Case: The horse was referred to the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel, RS-Brazil. It was a male, Crioulo breed, 10 years old, used as stallion. The owner reported a swelling in the pectoral region that occurred after a trauma episode that had gradually grown for two years. The patient was clinically stable, and would undergo surgery extirpation for aesthetic matters. Clinical examination showed the swelling was circumscribed and centralized and it presented about 20 centimeters in diameter. The ultrasound of the pectoral area showed an anechoic structure with hyperechoic spots inside limited by an hyperechoic layer similar to a fibrous capsule. Presumptive diagnostics were of: hematoma, subcutaneous abscess, neoplasia, and [...](AU)

Nasal and laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a horse / Rinosporidiose nasal e laringeana em equino

Background: The rhinosporidiosis is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic parasite that occur in flooded regions. The disease can affect several species, including horses. In Brazil, there are few reported cases and the mortality rate is low, thus its epidemiological importance is related to its zoonotic aspects. The transmission of Rhinosporidium seeberi occurs via contaminated water or soil and subsequent infection through mucosal injury where a granulomatous lesion is developed. In horses, nasal mucosa is the most affected area and laryngeal affection is rare. The aim of this work is to describe a case of nasal and laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a horse, focusing on diagnosis and therapeutics. Case: A 07-year-old crossbreed male was referred to the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of UFPel, RS, with clinical history of cough and nasal discharge. In the clinical examination, the patient showed a proliferative mass near the nasal septum located medially in the left nostril, tracheal rales and respiratory distress. Hematologic findings were in agreement with the reference values for the species. The tumor was removed with the animal standing using local anesthesia and sedation and the fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and sent for histopathological examination. Fifteen days later, the patient was referred for further evaluation in the HCV, showing the...(AU)

Nasal and laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a horse / Rinosporidiose nasal e laringeana em equino

Background: The rhinosporidiosis is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic parasite that occur in flooded regions. The disease can affect several species, including horses. In Brazil, there are few reported cases and the mortality rate is low, thus its epidemiological importance is related to its zoonotic aspects. The transmission of Rhinosporidium seeberi occurs via contaminated water or soil and subsequent infection through mucosal injury where a granulomatous lesion is developed. In horses, nasal mucosa is the most affected area and laryngeal affection is rare. The aim of this work is to describe a case of nasal and laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a horse, focusing on diagnosis and therapeutics. Case: A 07-year-old crossbreed male was referred to the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of UFPel, RS, with clinical history of cough and nasal discharge. In the clinical examination, the patient showed a proliferative mass near the nasal septum located medially in the left nostril, tracheal rales and respiratory distress. Hematologic findings were in agreement with the reference values for the species. The tumor was removed with the animal standing using local anesthesia and sedation and the fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and sent for histopathological examination. Fifteen days later, the patient was referred for further evaluation in the HCV, showing the...

Tratamento medicamentoso de ulceração corneana e abscesso estromal em equinos / Medicament Treatment of Corneal Ulcer and Stromal Abscess in Horses

Background: The equine eyelids and cilia protect the eye and promote normal ocular physiological function. Disorders in these structures may result in corneal alterations such as ulcers and stromal abscess. An abscess is a focal mixture of cellular debris, necrotic tissue, leucocytes and possibly infectious agents that initially create a lesion surrounded by a zone of reactive infl ammation. Ulcers and corneal stromal abscess cause severe ocular pain and loss of vision quality in horses. Medical and surgical treatments for stromal abscess have been developed and have evolved over many years. The aim of this work is to report a case of stromal abscess in a horse, after a corneal ulcer related to eyelid deficiency, focusing on therapeutic methods. Case: A 10-year-old crossbreed mare was referred to the Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of UFPel with an ophthalmic disorder. The mare had an eyelid lesion 2 years before, and since this event she had had recurrent episodes of ophthalmologic disorders. On attendance at the HCV, the mare had photophobia, blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, neovascularization, myosis, uveitis, intense ocular pain, eyelid deficiency and a corneal ulcer about 2 cm long x 2 cm wide in the right eye. Surgical correction of eyelid and corneal disorder was recommended, but not authorized by the owner. Treatment was based on cleaning with physiological solution, gentamicin eyewash, autologus serum every 4 h, atropine 1% every 12 h topically, flunixin meglumin every 12 h intravenously. After 7 days, the corneal ulcer shrank, although there was no improvement in blepharospasm and ocular pain. A corneal abscess 3 cm x 2 cm was noticed. Gentamicin eyewash and autologus serum were administered topically every 4 h for 10 more days. After 14 days of treatment, there was neither blepharospasm nor corneal ulcer and the abscess was shrinking. Gentamicin eyewash was maintained every 6h for 3 more days. After 65 days there was minimal scar tissue in the eye. Discussion: The mare had an ocular traumatic injury 2 years ago and since this event she had presented uveitis and corneal ulcer recurrently, due to loss of eyelid and cilia functional integrity. Equine cornea is avascularized and vascularization of the affected lesion is necessary for resolution and abscess healing. Medical treatment of superfi cial stromal abscess is more economical than surgery and can result in good visual outcomes with mild scarring. Medical treatment consists of a combination of antimicrobial, mydriatic/cycloplegic and anti-inflammatory medications. Flunixin meglumin seems to be the most effective intravenous anti-inflammatory for controlling uveitis in horses. The anti-inflammatory dose may be reduced when there is a decrease in the anterior segment signs of infl ammation and ocular pain. Besides systemic colateral effects, anti-inflammatory therapy also reduces corneal vascularization, and therefore should be used carefully. Antibiotic topical therapy is highly recommended, due to ocular microflora and microorganism encapsulation, and it was used in the present report until there was full epithelial healing. A mydriatic/cycloplegic (atropine 1%) drug was administered aiming to dilate the pupil in order to prevent adherences and to reduce ocular discomfort. Antiproteases agents (autologus serum) are recommended when there is a corneal epithelial loss of integrity. This agent reduces collagen degradation and helps corneal healing. Stromal abscess in horses is usually associated with previous corneal ulceration, and in the present report it also involved eyelid functional deficiency. Medical treatment was effective, ensuring quality of future vision for the animal.

tros sépticos / Metabolic disorders in septic foals / Transtornos metabólicos en potros sépticos

O estudo dos distúrbios metabólicos em potros sépticos é de extrema importância para adequado tratamento de suporte, melhorando a resposta ao tratamento e, consequentemente, o prognóstico dos pacientes. Neste trabalho descrevemos as disfunções metabólicas observadas em potros com septicemia,as quais estão incluídas os distúrbios do metabolismo energético os quais incluem a glicose, triglicerídeos e seus hormônios reguladores, insulina e glucagon; distúrbios eletrolíticos identificados na regulação do cálcio pelo paratormônio e hormonal como hormônios tireoidianos, hormônio do crescimento e cortisol.Disfunções de metabolismo evidenciam a importância de um monitoramento através de exames complementares hematológicos, inclusive para embasamento de prognóstico no paciente neonato crítico.

The study of metabolic disorders in septic foals is extremely important to adjust the supporttreatment, improving the response to treatment and therefore patient prognosis. Here we describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in foals with septicemia, are included the energy metabolism disorders which include glucose, triglycerides and their regulatory hormones, insulin and glucagon; electrolyte abnormalities identifiedin the regulation of calcium by parathyroid hormone and hormones, thyroid hormones, growth hormone andcortisol. Metabolic dysfunctions highlight the importance of monitoring through hematological laboratorytests, including prognostic basis in critical neonate patient.

El estudio de los trastornos metabólicos en los potros sépticos es de extrema importancia parael tratamiento de soporte, mejorando Ia respuesta ai tratamiento y, por tanto, el pronóstico dei paciente. Aquí se describen Ias disfunciones metabólicas observadas en los potros con septicemia, que se incluyen los trastornos dei metabolismo de Ia energía, que incluyen glucosa, triglicéridos y sus hormonas reguladoras,insulina y glucagón; alteraciones electrolíticas identificadas en Ia regulación dei calcio por Ia hormonaparatiroidea y Ia hormonas, con Ias hormonas tiroideas, hormona dei crecimiento y cortisol. Disfuncionesmetabólicas muestran Ia importancia de un monitoreo através de pruebas de laboratorio hematológicas,incluyendo bases pronóstica en paciente crítico recién nacido.

tros sépticos / Metabolic disorders in septic foals / Transtornos metabólicos en potros sépticos

O estudo dos distúrbios metabólicos em potros sépticos é de extrema importância para adequado tratamento de suporte, melhorando a resposta ao tratamento e, consequentemente, o prognóstico dos pacientes. Neste trabalho descrevemos as disfunções metabólicas observadas em potros com septicemia,as quais estão incluídas os distúrbios do metabolismo energético os quais incluem a glicose, triglicerídeos e seus hormônios reguladores, insulina e glucagon; distúrbios eletrolíticos identificados na regulação do cálcio pelo paratormônio e hormonal como hormônios tireoidianos, hormônio do crescimento e cortisol.Disfunções de metabolismo evidenciam a importância de um monitoramento através de exames complementares hematológicos, inclusive para embasamento de prognóstico no paciente neonato crítico.(AU)

The study of metabolic disorders in septic foals is extremely important to adjust the supporttreatment, improving the response to treatment and therefore patient prognosis. Here we describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in foals with septicemia, are included the energy metabolism disorders which include glucose, triglycerides and their regulatory hormones, insulin and glucagon; electrolyte abnormalities identifiedin the regulation of calcium by parathyroid hormone and hormones, thyroid hormones, growth hormone andcortisol. Metabolic dysfunctions highlight the importance of monitoring through hematological laboratorytests, including prognostic basis in critical neonate patient.(AU)

El estudio de los trastornos metabólicos en los potros sépticos es de extrema importancia parael tratamiento de soporte, mejorando Ia respuesta ai tratamiento y, por tanto, el pronóstico dei paciente. Aquí se describen Ias disfunciones metabólicas observadas en los potros con septicemia, que se incluyen los trastornos dei metabolismo de Ia energía, que incluyen glucosa, triglicéridos y sus hormonas reguladoras,insulina y glucagón; alteraciones electrolíticas identificadas en Ia regulación dei calcio por Ia hormonaparatiroidea y Ia hormonas, con Ias hormonas tiroideas, hormona dei crecimiento y cortisol. Disfuncionesmetabólicas muestran Ia importancia de un monitoreo através de pruebas de laboratorio hematológicas,incluyendo bases pronóstica en paciente crítico recién nacido.(AU)