Control of postharvest gray mold of 'BRS Nubia' table grape under cold storage / Controle de mofo cinzento na pós colheita da uva de mesa 'BRS Nubia' sob armazenamento refrigerado

The demand for high-quality nutritional products has increased fruit consumption, as grapes, for this reason postharvest techniques are required to prevent losses, to preserve quality, to extend shelf life, and to attend to consumer needs. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to control gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in 'BRS Nubia' grapes during cold storage and shelf life periods. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Marialva, Parana, Brazil. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments: cold storage at 2 ºC (control), cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads, cold storage at 2 ºC and inoculated with B. cinere a suspension, and cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications per treatment using four bunches per experiment al unit. A factorial arrangement (absence/presence of SO2 pads × absence/presence of Botrytis inoculation) was applied. At the end of 30 days of cold storage and 7 days of shelf life (22 ºC), gray mold incidence, shattered berries, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. The gray mold incidence on 'BRS Nubia' grapes decreased when SO2-generating pads were used during cold storage. Berry weight loss was greater in the treatments without SO2-generating pads after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of shelf life. Berry firmness, soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and anthocyanins concentration were not negatively affected by SO2-generating pad treatments. However, a slight increase in the shattered berries percentage was recorded for the SO2-generating pad treatments. No significant quality loss of 'BRS Nubia' grape was evident after 30 days of cold storage [...].

A demanda por produtos de alta qualidade nutricional tem aumentado o consumo de frutas, como as uvas, por esse motivo, são necessárias a adoção de técnicas pós-colheita para evitar perdas, preservara qualidade e prolongar a vida útil, além de atender às necessidades do consumidor. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar estratégias para o controle do mofo cinzento causado por Botrytis cinerea em uvas 'BRS Nubia' durante o armazenamento refrigerado e a vida de prateleira. Cachos da uva 'BRS Nubia' foram colhidos em um vinhedo comercial localizado em Marialva, Paraná, Brasil. As uvas foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC (controle);armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC com folha geradora de SO2; armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC, inoculado com suspensão de B. cinerea; e armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC com folha geradora deSO2, inoculado com suspensão de B. cinerea; empregando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, arranjado em esquema fatorial (ausência / presença de SO2 x ausência / presença de Botrytis), com cinco repetições e quatro cachos por repetição. Após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado e sete dias sob temperatura ambiente (22 ºC), avaliou-se a incidência de mofo cinzento, degrana e características físico-química das bagas. A incidência de mofo cinzento em uvas ‘BRS Nubia’ diminuiu com o uso de folhas geradoras de SO2 durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A perda de massa das bagas foi maior nos tratamentos sem folhas geradoras de SO2 após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado e 7 dias de prateleira. A firmeza das bagas, a concentração de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez total (TA), SS/TA e antocianinas totais não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos com folhas geradoras de SO2. No entanto, houve aumento na porcentagem de degrana das bagas nesses tratamentos. Não foi observada perda significativa de qualidade [...].

Control of postharvest gray mold of 'BRS Nubia' table grape under cold storage / Controle de mofo cinzento na pós colheita da uva de mesa 'BRS Nubia' sob armazenamento refrigerado

The demand for high-quality nutritional products has increased fruit consumption, as grapes, for this reason postharvest techniques are required to prevent losses, to preserve quality, to extend shelf life, and to attend to consumer needs. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to control gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in 'BRS Nubia' grapes during cold storage and shelf life periods. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Marialva, Parana, Brazil. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments: cold storage at 2 ºC (control), cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads, cold storage at 2 ºC and inoculated with B. cinere a suspension, and cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications per treatment using four bunches per experiment al unit. A factorial arrangement (absence/presence of SO2 pads × absence/presence of Botrytis inoculation) was applied. At the end of 30 days of cold storage and 7 days of shelf life (22 ºC), gray mold incidence, shattered berries, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. The gray mold incidence on 'BRS Nubia' grapes decreased when SO2-generating pads were used during cold storage. Berry weight loss was greater in the treatments without SO2-generating pads after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of shelf life. Berry firmness, soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and anthocyanins concentration were not negatively affected by SO2-generating pad treatments. However, a slight increase in the shattered berries percentage was recorded for the SO2-generating pad treatments. No significant quality loss of 'BRS Nubia' grape was evident after 30 days of cold storage [...].(AU)

A demanda por produtos de alta qualidade nutricional tem aumentado o consumo de frutas, como as uvas, por esse motivo, são necessárias a adoção de técnicas pós-colheita para evitar perdas, preservara qualidade e prolongar a vida útil, além de atender às necessidades do consumidor. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar estratégias para o controle do mofo cinzento causado por Botrytis cinerea em uvas 'BRS Nubia' durante o armazenamento refrigerado e a vida de prateleira. Cachos da uva 'BRS Nubia' foram colhidos em um vinhedo comercial localizado em Marialva, Paraná, Brasil. As uvas foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC (controle);armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC com folha geradora de SO2; armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC, inoculado com suspensão de B. cinerea; e armazenamento refrigerado à 2 ºC com folha geradora deSO2, inoculado com suspensão de B. cinerea; empregando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, arranjado em esquema fatorial (ausência / presença de SO2 x ausência / presença de Botrytis), com cinco repetições e quatro cachos por repetição. Após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado e sete dias sob temperatura ambiente (22 ºC), avaliou-se a incidência de mofo cinzento, degrana e características físico-química das bagas. A incidência de mofo cinzento em uvas ‘BRS Nubia diminuiu com o uso de folhas geradoras de SO2 durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A perda de massa das bagas foi maior nos tratamentos sem folhas geradoras de SO2 após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado e 7 dias de prateleira. A firmeza das bagas, a concentração de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez total (TA), SS/TA e antocianinas totais não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos com folhas geradoras de SO2. No entanto, houve aumento na porcentagem de degrana das bagas nesses tratamentos. Não foi observada perda significativa de qualidade [...].(AU)

Straw removal of sugarcane from soil and its impacts on yield and industrial quality ratoons

ABSTRACT: Mechanical harvesting leaves in its wake a considerable amount of straw in the field, which can be effectively utilized to improve the soil condition and sugarcane yield. However, there is no specific information as to the quantity of straw mulch required to achieve such effects and as to whether it can be used in other sectors for bioelectricity and ethanol production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of removing different amounts of straw from the field and its impact on the yield and industrial quality of sugarcane ratoons. The experiment was carried out on Rhodic soil where six treatments were evaluated including 0 %, 25 % (5 Mg ha1), 50 % (10 Mg ha1), 75 % (15 Mg ha1), 100 % (20 Mg ha1) straw on the soil surface and burned sugarcane (where 100 % of the straw was burned). The influence on yield and industrial quality was calculated using total soluble solids, Pol (Apparent sucrose content), apparent purity, total sugars, reducing sugars and fiber. Shifting the harvesting system from burned cane to growing under straw mulch improved crop yield as well as favoring sugar contents during water deficit conditions. The straw left on the soil did not affect industrial quality in any way during the trials; however, under drought conditions, treatments with 50 and 75 % of straw resulted in a 76 % higher yield compared to burned sugarcane, and 29 % more than the 0 %, 25 % to 100 % treatments of straw mulch thus favoring higher sugar production. The removal of 50 % of the straw caused no damage to the sugarcane crop.

Straw removal of sugarcane from soil and its impacts on yield and industrial quality ratoons

Mechanical harvesting leaves in its wake a considerable amount of straw in the field, which can be effectively utilized to improve the soil condition and sugarcane yield. However, there is no specific information as to the quantity of straw mulch required to achieve such effects and as to whether it can be used in other sectors for bioelectricity and ethanol production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of removing different amounts of straw from the field and its impact on the yield and industrial quality of sugarcane ratoons. The experiment was carried out on Rhodic soil where six treatments were evaluated including 0 %, 25 % (5 Mg ha1), 50 % (10 Mg ha1), 75 % (15 Mg ha1), 100 % (20 Mg ha1) straw on the soil surface and burned sugarcane (where 100 % of the straw was burned). The influence on yield and industrial quality was calculated using total soluble solids, Pol (Apparent sucrose content), apparent purity, total sugars, reducing sugars and fiber. Shifting the harvesting system from burned cane to growing under straw mulch improved crop yield as well as favoring sugar contents during water deficit conditions. The straw left on the soil did not affect industrial quality in any way during the trials; however, under drought conditions, treatments with 50 and 75 % of straw resulted in a 76 % higher yield compared to burned sugarcane, and 29 % more than the 0 %, 25 % to 100 % treatments of straw mulch thus favoring higher sugar production. The removal of 50 % of the straw caused no damage to the sugarcane crop.(AU)

Straw removal of sugarcane from soil and its impacts on yield and industrial quality ratoons

ABSTRACT: Mechanical harvesting leaves in its wake a considerable amount of straw in the field, which can be effectively utilized to improve the soil condition and sugarcane yield. However, there is no specific information as to the quantity of straw mulch required to achieve such effects and as to whether it can be used in other sectors for bioelectricity and ethanol production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of removing different amounts of straw from the field and its impact on the yield and industrial quality of sugarcane ratoons. The experiment was carried out on Rhodic soil where six treatments were evaluated including 0 %, 25 % (5 Mg ha1), 50 % (10 Mg ha1), 75 % (15 Mg ha1), 100 % (20 Mg ha1) straw on the soil surface and burned sugarcane (where 100 % of the straw was burned). The influence on yield and industrial quality was calculated using total soluble solids, Pol (Apparent sucrose content), apparent purity, total sugars, reducing sugars and fiber. Shifting the harvesting system from burned cane to growing under straw mulch improved crop yield as well as favoring sugar contents during water deficit conditions. The straw left on the soil did not affect industrial quality in any way during the trials; however, under drought conditions, treatments with 50 and 75 % of straw resulted in a 76 % higher yield compared to burned sugarcane, and 29 % more than the 0 %, 25 % to 100 % treatments of straw mulch thus favoring higher sugar production. The removal of 50 % of the straw caused no damage to the sugarcane crop.

Berry-cluster thinning to reduce compactness of Black Star table grapes

ABSTRACT: The berry-cluster thinning technique was evaluated at different phenological times to prevent bunch compactness of Black Star table grape, a new somatic mutation of Brasil grape. The trial was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seaons in a vineyard situated in Marialva, PR, Brazil. Vines were trained in an overhead trellis system and spaced at 3x4m. The randomized block design was used as a statistical model with five replications and five treatments. The following treatments were evaluated: control; brushing prior to anthesis; and berry-cluster thinning at different times, when berries were 3-6, 7-10, or 11-15mm in diameter. The prevalence of bunch compactness was evaluated considering the levels: loose, medium loose, and dense bunches. The main physico-chemical characteristics of grapes and yield were also appraised. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, and toTukeys test at 5% was applied. So, thinning is a mandatory practice to avoid bunch compactness of Black Star grapes. The technique has to be performed, preferably, by means of brushing prior to anthesis, and the failure to accomplish this practice at this time, berry-cluster thinning when berries are 11-15mm in diameter can be used.

RESUMO: O método de raleio de bagas em diferentes fases fenológicas reduz a compactação de cachos da uva fina de mesa Black Star, uma nova mutação da uva Brasil. As videiras foram conduzidas em latada em espaçamento 3x4m, e o experimento foi realizado nas safras 2012 e 2013. O delineamento experimental consistiu em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e cinco tratamentos: controle sem raleio; raleio com escova plástica realizado no pré-florescimento e; despenca quando as bagas apresentavam 3-6, 7-10 ou 11-15mm de diâmetro. A compacidade predominante dos cachos foi avaliada de acordo com a seguinte classificação: cachos soltos, medianamente soltos e compactos. As características físico-químicas dos cachos e a produtividade também foram avaliadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Verificou-se que o raleio de bagas é uma prática obrigatória na uva Black Star para diminuir a compacidade dos cachos. A operação deve ser realizada, preferencialmente, com a escova plástica no pré-florescimento, e na impossibilidade de executar ou finalizar essa prática nesta fase, pode-se empregar a despenca quando as bagas apresentarem 11-15mm de diâmetro.

Berry-cluster thinning to reduce compactness of Black Star table grapes / Despenca como método de raleio para reduzir a compacidade de cachos da uva de mesa Black Star

The berry-cluster thinning technique was evaluated at different phenological times to prevent bunch compactness of Black Star table grape, a new somatic mutation of Brasil grape. The trial was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seaons in a vineyard situated in Marialva, PR, Brazil. Vines were trained in an overhead trellis system and spaced at 3x4m. The randomized block design was used as a statistical model with fi ve replications and fi ve treatments. The following treatments were evaluated: control; brushing prior to anthesis; and berry-cluster thinning at different times, when berries were 3-6, 7-10, or 11-15mm in diameter. The prevalence of bunch compactness was evaluated considering the levels: loose, medium loose, and dense bunches. The main physico-chemical characteristics of grapes and yield were also appraised. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, and toTukeys test at 5% was applied. So, thinning is a mandatory practice to avoid bunch compactness of Black Star grapes. The technique has to be performed, preferably, by means of brushing prior to anthesis, and the failure to accomplish this practice at this time, berry-cluster thinning when berries are 11-15mm in diameter can be used.

O método de raleio de bagas em diferentes fases fenológicas reduz a compactação de cachos da uva fi na de mesa Black Star, uma nova mutação da uva Brasil. As videiras foram conduzidas em latada em espaçamento 3x4m, e o experimento foi realizado nas safras 2012 e 2013. O delineamento experimental consistiu em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e cinco tratamentos: controle sem raleio; raleio com escova plástica realizado no pré-florescimento e; despenca quando as bagas apresentavam 3-6, 7-10 ou 11-15mm de diâmetro. A compacidade predominante dos cachos foi avaliada de acordo com a seguinte classificação: cachos soltos, medianamente soltos e compactos. As características físico-químicas dos cachos e a produtividade também foram avaliadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Verifi cou-se que o raleio de bagas é uma prática obrigatória na uva Black Star para diminuir a compacidade dos cachos. A operação deve ser realizada, preferencialmente, com a escova plástica no pré-florescimento, e na impossibilidade de executar ou finalizar essa prática nesta fase, pode-se empregar a despenca quando as bagas apresentarem 11-15mm de diâmetro.

Berry-cluster thinning to reduce compactness of Black Star table grapes / Despenca como método de raleio para reduzir a compacidade de cachos da uva de mesa Black Star

The berry-cluster thinning technique was evaluated at different phenological times to prevent bunch compactness of Black Star table grape, a new somatic mutation of Brasil grape. The trial was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seaons in a vineyard situated in Marialva, PR, Brazil. Vines were trained in an overhead trellis system and spaced at 3x4m. The randomized block design was used as a statistical model with fi ve replications and fi ve treatments. The following treatments were evaluated: control; brushing prior to anthesis; and berry-cluster thinning at different times, when berries were 3-6, 7-10, or 11-15mm in diameter. The prevalence of bunch compactness was evaluated considering the levels: loose, medium loose, and dense bunches. The main physico-chemical characteristics of grapes and yield were also appraised. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, and toTukeys test at 5% was applied. So, thinning is a mandatory practice to avoid bunch compactness of Black Star grapes. The technique has to be performed, preferably, by means of brushing prior to anthesis, and the failure to accomplish this practice at this time, berry-cluster thinning when berries are 11-15mm in diameter can be used.(AU)

O método de raleio de bagas em diferentes fases fenológicas reduz a compactação de cachos da uva fi na de mesa Black Star, uma nova mutação da uva Brasil. As videiras foram conduzidas em latada em espaçamento 3x4m, e o experimento foi realizado nas safras 2012 e 2013. O delineamento experimental consistiu em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e cinco tratamentos: controle sem raleio; raleio com escova plástica realizado no pré-florescimento e; despenca quando as bagas apresentavam 3-6, 7-10 ou 11-15mm de diâmetro. A compacidade predominante dos cachos foi avaliada de acordo com a seguinte classificação: cachos soltos, medianamente soltos e compactos. As características físico-químicas dos cachos e a produtividade também foram avaliadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Verifi cou-se que o raleio de bagas é uma prática obrigatória na uva Black Star para diminuir a compacidade dos cachos. A operação deve ser realizada, preferencialmente, com a escova plástica no pré-florescimento, e na impossibilidade de executar ou finalizar essa prática nesta fase, pode-se empregar a despenca quando as bagas apresentarem 11-15mm de diâmetro.(AU)