Presença da mutação do gene BRCA1 em cadelas com tumores mamários malignos / Presence of BRCA1 gene mutation in bitches with malignant mammary tumors

Mammary tumors (MTs) in bitches are similar to breast cancers in women. Thus, they can be used as a model for human breast cancer and findings can be extrapolated for use in human medicine. BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene. When the gene has a mutation, it cannot repair damaged DNA, which causes genetic instability and tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BRCA1 gene that are associated with distinct histological types of malignant MT in bitches. The study population consisted of 91 bitches, including a control group of 6 animals with healthy mammary glands and 85 animals with MTs. All animals underwent a presurgery evaluation consisting of a questionnaire administered to the person responsible for the animal, a physical examination, collection of peripheral blood for hematological and serum biochemistry evaluations, an electrocardiogram, and a preanesthesia evaluation. In addition, distant metastasis was studied via chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound. After evaluations were complete, the animals that could undergo surgery were administered general anesthesia and underwent a mastectomy or mammary gland sample collection. Histopathological examination and molecular analysis were performed to identify mutations in the BRCA1 gene. Histopathological examinations found 10 different types of malignant tumors in 36 sick animals. Tumor samples plus samples from the 6 control animals were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and genetic sequencing. The tumor with the highest incidence (33.33%) was a complex carcinoma, followed by carcinoma in mixed tumor (13.88), tubular carcinoma (13.88) and carcinosarcoma (13.88). Molecular analysis revealed 3 different SNP points in 5 samples (4006G>A, 3619A>G, and 3761C>T). The allelic variant 4006G>A (1/36) resulted in the alteration of the amino acid valine by isoleucine (V1336 I). The mutation 3619A>G (2/36) inserted the amino acid alanine instead of threonine (T1207 A). The mutation 3761C>T (2/36) led to the alteration of the amino acid serine by phenylalanine (S1254 F), a mutation for which there are no published reports. The histological types that showed BRCA1 mutations were complex carcinoma (1/5), carcinoma in mixed tumor (1/5), papillary carcinoma (1/5) and tubular carcinoma (2/5). Software analysis identified the new SNP (nucleotide 3761) in BRCA1 and 2 point mutations in nucleotides 4006 and 3619 and responsible for genetic instability. The development of breast cancer is caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. The results of our study show that these factors have a greater presence in female, mixed breed, uncastrated, and older dogs, confirming the data in the veterinary literature. In the present study, we found different histological types of malignant breast tumors with mutations in the BRCA1 gene, as other authors have reported. However, we also found the mutation 3761C>T, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. This shows the need for studies in veterinary medicine that assess mutations in the BRCA1 gene and the most common histological types. In conclusion, SNPs in the BRCA1 gene cause genetic instability, resulting in additional mutations that lead to the development of breast tumors. They are point mutations that affect transcription, resulting in truncated proteins. These proteins may have a loss of function, leading to carcinogenesis.(AU)

Feline subcutaneous pythiosis / Pitiose subcutânea em um felino

Pythiosis in felines is a rare disease associated with the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The aim of this report was to describe the macroscopic, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of P. insidiosum infection in a 2-year-old cat, with a localized invasive subcutaneous mass. The feline had an increase of volume near the anal region since it was younger. The cat died just after surgery. The necropsy was performed, and samples were collected for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the skin lesion was characterized by necro-eosinophilic dermatitis, panniculitis, and myositis surrounding negatively stained hyphal structures. In the sections stained with GMS, dark brown hyphae were clearly seen inside the affected tissue. They were rarely septate and their walls were almost parallel. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-P. insidiosum antibody showed a strongly immunostained hyphae into the lesions. The analysis based on PCR had a positive result for P. insidiosum. Pythiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous tissue disorders in felines.(AU)

Pitiose em felinos é uma doença de ocorrência rara associada ao oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. O objetivo deste relato é descrever as características macroscópicas, histopatológicas e moleculares da infecção por P. insidiosum em um gato de dois anos de idade, com uma massa invasiva localizada no subcutâneo. O gato morreu logo após a cirurgia, sendo realizada a necropsia e coleta de amostras para exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, a lesão cutânea foi caracterizada por dermatite necroeosinofílica, paniculite e miosite envolvendo imagens de hifas negativamente coradas. Nas seções coradas com GMS, hifas marrom-escuras foram claramente vistas dentro do tecido afetado. As hifas raramente eram septadas e suas paredes eram quase paralelas. A imuno-histoquímica, utilizando um anticorpo policlonal anti-P. insidiosum, mostrou hifas fortemente imunomarcadas nas lesões. A análise baseada em PCR teve resultado positivo para P. insidiosum. A pitiose deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de desordens teciduais subcutâneas em felinos.(AU)

Hemangioma cavernoso cerebral em cão / Cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis isperformed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. Theprognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneousdeath or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presentingthe clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia,bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdensenodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and masseffect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in theCT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalonwas subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from theheight of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slightcompression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathologyindicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillarmaterial ...

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.(AU)

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.(AU)

Hemangioma cavernoso cerebral em cão / Cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis isperformed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. Theprognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneousdeath or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presentingthe clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia,bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdensenodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and masseffect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in theCT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalonwas subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from theheight of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slightcompression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathologyindicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillarmaterial ...(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.

Detecção de periodontopatógenos em macaco aranha de cara branca (Ateles marginatus / Periodontopathogens detection in white-cheeked spider monkey (Ateles marginatus

Background: Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the survival, and welfare of captive animals, and studies show that the genus Ateles has a higher prevalence of widespread periodontal disease compared to other genera. Anaerobic microbial species, considered as periodontal pathogens, are part of the biofilm community that contributes to the development of periodontitis. The present study aimed to detect periodontopathogenos in the oral cavity of two captive white-cheeked spider monkeys (Ateles marginatus) submitted for assessment oral and subgingival curettage.Case: We evaluated one pair of captive white-cheeked spider monkeys, one male (A) and one female (B), of 15 years of age with an average weight of 7 kg. Animals were fed daily with rations for primates, including fruit, vegetables, and raw eggs. The animals underwent oral evaluation, and following the charting of odontogram and photographic documentation, both were classified with periodontal disease stage III, according to the AVDC (American College of Veterinary Dentistry). They presented with moderate periodontitis, characterized by a loss of 25 to 50% of periodontal insertion and exposure of furcation degree 2, measured through clinical survey. During intraoral review, animals underwent subgingival curettage with curette of Gracey on the surface of the canine vestibular (C) and four top bilateral premolars (4PM). Antibiotics were not used at the time of collection, for dealing with routine procedures of clinical evaluation. The animals showed an increase in the volume of hemorrhagic features in the vestibular region between C and the second pre molar (2PM) on the upper right. Incisional biopsy was collected immediately at the end of the assessment, for the purpose of histopathological analyses. The samples from subgingival collection were immediately deposited in microtubes containing 500 µL of 0.9% saline solution and kept at -18°C until the time of genomic DNA extraction.[...](AU)

Detecção de periodontopatógenos em macaco aranha de cara branca (Ateles marginatus / Periodontopathogens detection in white-cheeked spider monkey (Ateles marginatus

Background: Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the survival, and welfare of captive animals, and studies show that the genus Ateles has a higher prevalence of widespread periodontal disease compared to other genera. Anaerobic microbial species, considered as periodontal pathogens, are part of the biofilm community that contributes to the development of periodontitis. The present study aimed to detect periodontopathogenos in the oral cavity of two captive white-cheeked spider monkeys (Ateles marginatus) submitted for assessment oral and subgingival curettage.Case: We evaluated one pair of captive white-cheeked spider monkeys, one male (A) and one female (B), of 15 years of age with an average weight of 7 kg. Animals were fed daily with rations for primates, including fruit, vegetables, and raw eggs. The animals underwent oral evaluation, and following the charting of odontogram and photographic documentation, both were classified with periodontal disease stage III, according to the AVDC (American College of Veterinary Dentistry). They presented with moderate periodontitis, characterized by a loss of 25 to 50% of periodontal insertion and exposure of furcation degree 2, measured through clinical survey. During intraoral review, animals underwent subgingival curettage with curette of Gracey on the surface of the canine vestibular (C) and four top bilateral premolars (4PM). Antibiotics were not used at the time of collection, for dealing with routine procedures of clinical evaluation. The animals showed an increase in the volume of hemorrhagic features in the vestibular region between C and the second pre molar (2PM) on the upper right. Incisional biopsy was collected immediately at the end of the assessment, for the purpose of histopathological analyses. The samples from subgingival collection were immediately deposited in microtubes containing 500 µL of 0.9% saline solution and kept at -18°C until the time of genomic DNA extraction.[...]

Aplasia uterina total em cadela com atrofia segmentar de vagina / Total uterine aplasia in bitch with segmental atrophy of vagina

Background: Congenital uterine malformations are rarely identified in domestic and human animals and are related to problems during the embryonic formation of the paramesonephric ducts. Cases of agenesis and segmental aplasia or unicorn uterus have been described in bitches, but there are no reports of total uterine aplasia in this specie. The report of a case of total uterine aplasia and segmental atrophy of the cranial vagina, accidentally diagnosed is reported herein.Case: An adult female bitch without defined breed in bad general condition was attended in the emergency service in a Veterinary Hospital. During anamnesis the information was restricted because it was an errant animal rescued for the consultation, but accompanied for at least 12 months in the environment in which it lived. Data related to the estrous cycle were unknown, but no gestation was observed in the last year. Investigations detected anemia and intense thrombocytopenia, azotemia and increased alanine aminotransferase. Two days later, with no progression, images suggestive of hemometra/ mucometra were observed during abdominal ultrasonography, and the patient underwent emergency ovariohysterectomy despite the general poor condition. Before the procedure the uterus was not routinely identified, but a fibromuscular, nontubular and thin structure occupied the region corresponding to the horns and uterine body, thickening in the cervix region. Death four days after surgery and sent to necropsy. During necropsy it was observed that the vulva and the vestibule of the vagina did not present macroscopic alterations, however there was a marked digitiform narrowing of the cranial region of the vagina, which ended in blind bottom. The mucosa in this narrowing was smooth, without folds. The microscopic structure of the ovaries, uterine tubes and caudal vagina were preserved.[...]

Aplasia uterina total em cadela com atrofia segmentar de vagina / Total uterine aplasia in bitch with segmental atrophy of vagina

Background: Congenital uterine malformations are rarely identified in domestic and human animals and are related to problems during the embryonic formation of the paramesonephric ducts. Cases of agenesis and segmental aplasia or unicorn uterus have been described in bitches, but there are no reports of total uterine aplasia in this specie. The report of a case of total uterine aplasia and segmental atrophy of the cranial vagina, accidentally diagnosed is reported herein.Case: An adult female bitch without defined breed in bad general condition was attended in the emergency service in a Veterinary Hospital. During anamnesis the information was restricted because it was an errant animal rescued for the consultation, but accompanied for at least 12 months in the environment in which it lived. Data related to the estrous cycle were unknown, but no gestation was observed in the last year. Investigations detected anemia and intense thrombocytopenia, azotemia and increased alanine aminotransferase. Two days later, with no progression, images suggestive of hemometra/ mucometra were observed during abdominal ultrasonography, and the patient underwent emergency ovariohysterectomy despite the general poor condition. Before the procedure the uterus was not routinely identified, but a fibromuscular, nontubular and thin structure occupied the region corresponding to the horns and uterine body, thickening in the cervix region. Death four days after surgery and sent to necropsy. During necropsy it was observed that the vulva and the vestibule of the vagina did not present macroscopic alterations, however there was a marked digitiform narrowing of the cranial region of the vagina, which ended in blind bottom. The mucosa in this narrowing was smooth, without folds. The microscopic structure of the ovaries, uterine tubes and caudal vagina were preserved.[...](AU)

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...](AU)

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...]

Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings / Platinossomiase felina: análise da associação dos níveis de infecção com achados patológicos e bioquímicos

Platynosomiasis is a common feline hepatic disease caused by Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), which is also known as lizard poisoning. Most reports of feline platynosomiasis show that this disease is sporadic and manifests with uncommon lesions; its pathogenicity is still not well understood. This study aimed to describe liver injuries and enzymatic changes associated with natural P. fastosum infection in 47 stray cats in an endemic area. Overall, 38.3% (18/47) of cats were parasitized, and 2,358 flukes (P. fastosum) were collected (131 mean intensity of parasitism; 50.2 mean abundance). The alanine transaminase (ALT) measure was significantly higher in parasitized animals, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no statistical difference between parasitized and non-parasitized animals. In infected animals, gross pathological lesions and microscopic liver injuries ranged from mild to severe, and were similar to those in previous descriptions of feline platynosomiasis. Nonetheless, the intensity of parasitism was not related to the severity of macroscopic or microscopic hepatic injuries. However, feline platynosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of feline liver disorders, as well as, in any program of helminth control, even if no clinical abnormalities are present.(AU)

Platinossomiase é uma doença hepática felina comum causada por Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), também é conhecida como envenenamento por lagartixa. A maioria dos relatos de platinossomiase felina mostra que esta doença é esporádica e se manifesta com lesões incomuns; sua patogenicidade ainda não é bem compreendida. Este estudo objetivou descrever as lesões no fígado e alterações enzimáticas associadas à infecção natural por P. fastosum em 47 gatos errantes em uma área endêmica. No total, 38,3% (18/47) dos gatos estavam parasitados, e 2.358 trematódeos (P. fastosum) foram coletados (131 intensidade média de parasitismo; 50,2 abundância média). A quantidade de alanina transaminase (ALT) foi significativamente maior nos animais parasitados, enquanto a fosfatase alcalina (ALP) não apresentou diferença estatística entre os animais parasitados e não parasitados. Nos animais infectados, lesões patológicas macroscópicas e microscópicas hepáticas variaram de leve a grave, e foram semelhantes a descrições anteriores de platinossomiase felina. No entanto, a intensidade do parasitismo não foi relacionada à gravidade das lesões hepáticas macroscópicas ou microscópicas. Contudo, a platinossomiase felina deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de distúrbios hepáticos em felinos, assim como, em qualquer programa de controle de helmintos, mesmo que nenhuma anormalidade clínica esteja presente.(AU)

Report of cerebellar hypoplasia in three calves

Hereditary or acquired cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is commonly diagnosed in Holstein, Guernsey, Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has been associated to acquired CH due to viral infection during the second trimester of pregnancy. Stricken calf usually shows ataxia, hypermetria, opisthotonus, intentional tremor and wide-based stance when in standing position. Three newborn calves were referred to the FCAV/Unesp Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of neurological distress. The clinical presentation, similar in all cases, indicated CH. Two weeks later, clinical signs did not improve and euthanasia was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed a gelatinous serosanguineous fluid over the brain surface and within the cervical spinal canal. Histologically the cerebellum had disorganization of the internal granular layer and moderate disappearance of Purkinje cells. The observed clinical signs and nervous tissue lesions were consistent with congenital cerebellar syndrome, possibly associated to viral infection during fetal development. Despite CH has been assumed to be related to BVD, blue tongue and Akabane viruses, only the BVD etiology has been already identified in Brazil.

Report of cerebellar hypoplasia in three calves

Hereditary or acquired cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is commonly diagnosed in Holstein, Guernsey, Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has been associated to acquired CH due to viral infection during the second trimester of pregnancy. Stricken calf usually shows ataxia, hypermetria, opisthotonus, intentional tremor and wide-based stance when in standing position. Three newborn calves were referred to the FCAV/Unesp Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of neurological distress. The clinical presentation, similar in all cases, indicated CH. Two weeks later, clinical signs did not improve and euthanasia was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed a gelatinous serosanguineous fluid over the brain surface and within the cervical spinal canal. Histologically the cerebellum had disorganization of the internal granular layer and moderate disappearance of Purkinje cells. The observed clinical signs and nervous tissue lesions were consistent with congenital cerebellar syndrome, possibly associated to viral infection during fetal development. Despite CH has been assumed to be related to BVD, blue tongue and Akabane viruses, only the BVD etiology has been already identified in Brazil.(AU)

Papiloma de plexo coróide em cão adulto - relato de caso / Choroid plexus papilloma in an adult dog - case report / Papiloma del plexo coroideo en un canino adulto - reporte de caso

O artigo descreve um caso de papiloma de plexo coróide (PPC) em cão da raça chow-chow, macho, com quatro anos de idade, o qual apresentou quadro crônico e progressivo de dificuldade de deambulação e dor cervical durante cerca de sete semanas. O paciente teve manifestações vestibulares e cerebelares progressivas. Exames pós-morte revelaram massa hemorrágica, assimétrica, não encapsulada em plexo coróide do quarto ventrículo, com extensão para ângulo cerebelo pontinomedular e segmentos cervicais craniais, caracterizada como PPC por avaliação histopatológica. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever a ocorrência de PPC, uma afecção raramente diagnosticada, bem como reafirmar a importância de incluir neoplasias intracranianas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jovens com alterações neurológicas.

This article describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in a four-year-old male chow-chow that presented a seven-week-Iong history of chronic and progressive incoordination and neck pain. Neurologic examination disclosed progressive cerebellar and vestibular manifestations. Postmortem examination revealed a non-encapsulated asymmetric hemorrhagic mass situated within the fourth ventricle, which expanded towards the cerebellum and cranial spinal cord segments. The neoplasm was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) by histopathological evaluation. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of CPP, which is uncommonly diagnosed, and to reaffirm the importance of including intracranial neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients with neurological disorders.

El presente artículo describe un caso de papiloma de plexo coroideo (PPC) en un perro Chow Chow macho de cuatro años, que se presentó con un cuadro crónico y progresivo de dificultad para deambular y dolor cervical de aproximadamente siete semanas de evolución. El paciente presentó signos vestibulares y cerebelares progresivos. Los exámenes post mortem mostraron la presencia de una masa hemorrágica, asimétrica y no capsulada en el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo, que se extendía hasta el ángulo cerebelo-ponte-medular y segmentos cervicales craneales, que fue caracterizado como un papiloma de plexo coroideo en el examen histopatológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir este tipo de neoplasia, de diagnóstico inusual, así como también reafirmar la importancia de incluir a las masas intracraneanas en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con alteraciones neurológicas.

Papiloma de plexo coróide em cão adulto - relato de caso / Choroid plexus papilloma in an adult dog - case report / Papiloma del plexo coroideo en un canino adulto - reporte de caso

O artigo descreve um caso de papiloma de plexo coróide (PPC) em cão da raça chow-chow, macho, com quatro anos de idade, o qual apresentou quadro crônico e progressivo de dificuldade de deambulação e dor cervical durante cerca de sete semanas. O paciente teve manifestações vestibulares e cerebelares progressivas. Exames pós-morte revelaram massa hemorrágica, assimétrica, não encapsulada em plexo coróide do quarto ventrículo, com extensão para ângulo cerebelo pontinomedular e segmentos cervicais craniais, caracterizada como PPC por avaliação histopatológica. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever a ocorrência de PPC, uma afecção raramente diagnosticada, bem como reafirmar a importância de incluir neoplasias intracranianas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jovens com alterações neurológicas.(AU)

This article describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in a four-year-old male chow-chow that presented a seven-week-Iong history of chronic and progressive incoordination and neck pain. Neurologic examination disclosed progressive cerebellar and vestibular manifestations. Postmortem examination revealed a non-encapsulated asymmetric hemorrhagic mass situated within the fourth ventricle, which expanded towards the cerebellum and cranial spinal cord segments. The neoplasm was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) by histopathological evaluation. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of CPP, which is uncommonly diagnosed, and to reaffirm the importance of including intracranial neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients with neurological disorders. (AU)

El presente artículo describe un caso de papiloma de plexo coroideo (PPC) en un perro Chow Chow macho de cuatro años, que se presentó con un cuadro crónico y progresivo de dificultad para deambular y dolor cervical de aproximadamente siete semanas de evolución. El paciente presentó signos vestibulares y cerebelares progresivos. Los exámenes post mortem mostraron la presencia de una masa hemorrágica, asimétrica y no capsulada en el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo, que se extendía hasta el ángulo cerebelo-ponte-medular y segmentos cervicales craneales, que fue caracterizado como un papiloma de plexo coroideo en el examen histopatológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir este tipo de neoplasia, de diagnóstico inusual, así como también reafirmar la importancia de incluir a las masas intracraneanas en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con alteraciones neurológicas.(AU)