Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.(AU)

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.(AU)

Influência da lidocaína ou da dextrocetamina pela via intratesticular na anestesia com sevoflurano em cães submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva / Influence of intratesticular administration of lidocaine or dextroketamine in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy anesthetized with sevoflurane

Background: Elective orchiectomy is one of the most performed surgeries in the veterinary practice and is considered a moderately painful procedure; thus, the use of balanced anesthesia is a good choice. Local anesthetics have shown to be effective for intratesticular and spermatic cord blocks in several species; however, there have been no reports of the use of dextroketamine with this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory variables, and analgesia produced by intratesticular block using dextroketamine or lidocaine, as well as to assess post-anesthesia recovery and discharge in dogs subjected to elective orchiectomy under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen dogs which underwent elective orchiectomy were included in this study. All animals were healthy based on clinical and hematological examinations. The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, in which 2% lidocaine at 1 mg/kg (LG) or 5% dextroketamine at 2.5 mg/kg (KG) were administered by the intratesticular route. In both groups, anesthesia was induced with propofol to effect, and maintained with 1.7 V% sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen, administered through a calibrated vaporizer and appropriate anesthetic system based on the animals weight, kept under spontaneous ventilation. After induction, 10 min were given for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration before one of the treatments was administered intratesticularly. Five min after administration of the local block, the surgical procedure was performed, which lasted up to 15 min.[...](AU)

Influência da lidocaína ou da dextrocetamina pela via intratesticular na anestesia com sevoflurano em cães submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva / Influence of intratesticular administration of lidocaine or dextroketamine in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy anesthetized with sevoflurane

Background: Elective orchiectomy is one of the most performed surgeries in the veterinary practice and is considered a moderately painful procedure; thus, the use of balanced anesthesia is a good choice. Local anesthetics have shown to be effective for intratesticular and spermatic cord blocks in several species; however, there have been no reports of the use of dextroketamine with this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory variables, and analgesia produced by intratesticular block using dextroketamine or lidocaine, as well as to assess post-anesthesia recovery and discharge in dogs subjected to elective orchiectomy under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen dogs which underwent elective orchiectomy were included in this study. All animals were healthy based on clinical and hematological examinations. The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, in which 2% lidocaine at 1 mg/kg (LG) or 5% dextroketamine at 2.5 mg/kg (KG) were administered by the intratesticular route. In both groups, anesthesia was induced with propofol to effect, and maintained with 1.7 V% sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen, administered through a calibrated vaporizer and appropriate anesthetic system based on the animal’s weight, kept under spontaneous ventilation. After induction, 10 min were given for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration before one of the treatments was administered intratesticularly. Five min after administration of the local block, the surgical procedure was performed, which lasted up to 15 min.[...]