Pectus excavatum ­ Correção cirúrgica utilizando tala externa de poliuretano fabricada com tecnologia de impressão 3D / Pectus excavatum ­ Surgical correction, using polyurethane external splint made with 3D printing technology

Objetivou-se relatar o emprego de uma tala externa confeccionada com material de poliuretano e cobertura interna de neopreme na reparação cirúrgica do pectus excavatum em um felino jovem. O felino apresentava deformidade anatômica congênita na região do externo e sinais clínicos respiratórios. Imagens avançadas de tomografia foram utilizadas para moldar a tala impressa com tecnologia tridimensional. Esta alternativa possibilitou melhor planejamento cirúrgico e, com isso, conforto para o paciente, além da qualidade própria do material de poliuretano que é levemente maleável, o que permitiu melhor moldagem e expansão torácica durante a respiração. A tala se provou resistente o suficiente para suportar a tração ocasionada pelos fios de sutura e possibilitou o reposicionamento adequado do osso esterno ao mesmo tempo que se mostrou confortável e acarretou mínimas lesões ao paciente.

The aim of this paper was to report the use of an external splint made of polyurethane material and internal neopreme covering in the surgical repair of a pectus excavatum in a young feline. The feline exhibited a congenital anatomical deformity in the external region and clinical respiratory signs. Advanced CT images were used to shape the 3D-printed splint. This alternative allowed better surgical planning and, therefore, comfort for the patient, this because to the quality of the polyurethane material, which is slightly malleable, and allowed for better molding and chest expansion during breathing. The splint proved to be strong enough to withstand the traction caused by the suture threads and allowed the proper repositioning of the sternum, at the same time it was comfortable and caused minimal injuries to the patient.

Pneumotórax secundário a bolha pulmonar em cão / Pneumothorax secondary to a pulmonary bullae in a dog

Background: Pulmonary bullae are thin-walled cavitary lesions within the subpleural parenchyma. They are a result of thedestruction, dilatation and coalescence of bordering alveoli and their rupture is the most common cause of pneumothoraxin dogs. Radiographic and CT imaging are excellent tools for identifying and quantifying pneumothorax. Surgical treatment is considered standard for treatment of pneumothorax consequential to pulmonary bullae. The aim of this report wasto describe a case of pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary bullae in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old male crossbreed dog, weighing 11.5 kg, was presented to the Uberaba’s Veterinary Hospital due to becoming easily tired in the previous 3 weeks, and its worsening in the last 2 days by presenting panting. The dog’s guardiandid not witness any traumas, but informed that the animal resided with other 14 dogs and also that it frequently collidedthe thorax against the door when it came down from the bed. Physical examination showed diaphragmatic breathing,inspiratory dyspnea and stridor lung sound. Thoracocentesis revealed presence of air in the pleural cavity and pneumothorax. Radiographic images confirmed this condition. The dog stayed in the hospital and chest drains were placed. Sincethe amount of sucked air did not reduce with time and due to the emergence of subcutaneous emphysema, the dog wentthrough exploratory thoracotomy that revealed impairment of the right caudal lung lobe, proceeding to lobectomy. Thedog stayed in the hospital with chest drains until the contents of the suctions reduced significantly. With the removal ofthe drains, the dog was sent home and had a full recovery. Histopathology of the impaired lung revealed pulmonary bullae.Discussion: The dog from this report presented clinical signs consistent with pneumothorax, such as dyspnea, diaphragmaticbreathing and exercise intolerance. Radiography of the chest region revealed...

Endosurgery approach in a dog with thoracoabdominal injury

Background: Chest trauma is one of the main thoracic injuries in dogs and cats, reaching a high morbidity and mortality. The tissue damage, in thoracic trauma, can be underappreciated by visual exam and traditional radiography. The thoracoscopy can provide information for a precise definitive diagnosis, by this technique bleeding or air leakage can be identified and corrected immediately and the diaphragm can be completely evaluated. The aim of this work was to describe the thoracoscopic approach in a case of diaphragmatic perforation caused by penetrating trauma in a dog. Case: A 6-year-old male dog mixed-breed dog, weighing 14 kg with thorax perforation was presented to the Veterinary Hospital. Clinical examination of the animal revealed the following: pale mucous membranes, moderate dyspnea, open pneumothorax, abdominal distension, heart rate of 108 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 64 breaths per minute. Physical examination confirmed a 3 cm perforation hemorrhagic lesion in the left ninth intercostal space. As an emergency treatment, oxygen therapy, tramadol hydrochloride [Cronidor® 2%, 4 mg/kg, i.v, TID], tranexamic acid [Transamin® 25 mg/kg, i.v, TID], ceftriaxone [Rocefin® 50 mg/kg, i.v, BID] and fluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution were administered. The hair was removed, and then, wound cleaning and obliteration of the wall injury with sterile gauze was performed. After the emergency stabilization, the animal was anesthetized, followed by preventive thoracocentesis by an approach close to thoracic perforation and thoracoscopy without pneumoperitonea through this thoracic perforation with 0-degree rigid endoscope. About 100 mL of blood and air was drained and diagnosed perforation in the diaphragm and pulmonary atelectasis in the caudal and left cranial lobes. the edges of the incisional wound were debrided, and the closure of thoracic incision was performed usual way. After that, the air was removed by a catheter and syringe system. A flexible plastic tube was inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space for drainage every 2 h for 24 h. There were no intercurrences during the first 24 h after the surgical procedure. The patient was discharged 48 h after the surgery. Cephalexin [75 mg, 30 mg/kg, v.o, TID, during 5 days), Ketoprofen [20 mg, 2 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 5 days], Tramadol Hydrochloride [50 mg, 4 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 2 days] and Rifamycin spray at the wound site was prescribed. Ten days after surgery, the patient returned to the hospital for suture removal and reassessment. Discussion: The prognosis of chest perforation depends on the severity and number of internal and external thoracic lesions, as well as cardiovascular status at the time of initial patient care. In cases of penetrating chest trauma, it is essential to thoroughly examine the thoracic cavity for bleeding, tissue tears, and diaphragm perforation. The use of the endoscope allowed for a more detailed exploration of the chest without the need to increase the incision. When the diaphragm lesion was found, it was also possible to perform the abdominal examination by videoendoscopy, through this perforation. Laparotomy and thoracotomy cause postoperative pain and discomfort, in addition to increasing recovery time, however, even with trauma, not performing a larger incision favored the recovery of this patient, without any intercurrence in the first 24 h after the procedure. In conclusion, the endoscopic approach was efficient for diagnosis, avoiding greater trauma and contributing to a better clinical recovery of the patient.

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...(AU)

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...

Lung biopsy with guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps though transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopy in dogs with pulmonary alterations / Biópsia pulmonar com agulha cortante guilhotinada e pinça de biopsia por toracoscopia transdiafragmática em cães com alterações pulmonares

Lung diseases are common in small animal clinical routine. Diagnosis is usually affected due to nonspecific symptoms. Imaging features such as radiography and chest ultrasound are acceptable screening tests, although lung biopsy can provides a precise diagnosis. Thus thoracoscopy provides a minimally invasive diagnostic assessment for chest diseases and offers the benefits such as improved illumination and magnification of the image when compared with thoracotomy. In this study we evaluated the transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopic-assisted techniques of lung biopsy with a the guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps, in dogs presenting radiographic suspicion on pulmonary tumors. Fourteen dogs regardless of breed, gender, age and body weight admitted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics (HCV) of the Veterinary College (FAVET) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), were assessed. Inclusion criteria were presence of nodules on chest radiography and triage tests without changes that could hinder general anesthesia and surgical approach. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbence and two thoracoscopic ports were established: the first port for working instruments; the second paraxyphoid port for the telescope. Three samples were collected using each sampling method from each lesion or from tumors macroscopically similar whenever their size was less than one centimeter. The samples were sent for histopathological examination in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of FAVET/UFRGS. Surgical time was recorded from first incision to wound closure and surgical complications were reported. The dogs were evaluated for the presence of subcutaneous emphysema, hematoma, seroma, local infection and dehiscence. No conversion to open surgery was necessary during the thoracoscopic procedure in any patient. Thoracoscopic assisted biopsy using guillotine needle and biopsy forceps was a safe and fast technique, without perioperative complications. Both devices provided good quality samples for histopathological analysis of lung abnormalities. However the cutting guillotine needle was more efficient especially in larger pulmonary nodules. The transdiaphragmatic access provided optimal approach for both hemithoraces.(AU)

As afecções pulmonares são comuns na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, todavia, por apresentarem sintomas inespecíficos, muitas vezes o diagnóstico dessas doenças torna-se limitado. Recursos de imagem como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia torácica são válidos como exames de triagem, mas somente a biopsia pulmonar pode possibilitar um diagnóstico específico da doença. A toracoscopia fornece um meio minimamente invasivo de diagnóstico para as doenças torácicas e oferece os benefícios de melhor iluminação e ampliação da imagem, quando comparado com a toracotomia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as técnicas de biópsia pulmonar por meio da agulha cortante guilhotinada e da pinça de biopsia, guiadas por toracoscopia, pelo acesso transdiafragmático em cães que apresentavam imagem sugestiva de nódulo pulmonar em exame radiográfico prévio. Foram utilizados 14 cães, independente de raça, sexo, idade e peso corporal. Somente caninos com nódulos visíveis na radiografia torácica e que apresentaram condições clínicas e laboratoriais de serem anestesiados foram incluídos no estudo. Os cães foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e foram realizados dois acessos à cavidade torácica: um primeiro portal intercostal, para introdução dos dispositivos de biopsia; e outro portal paraxifoide transdiafragmático para introdução do endoscópio. Com cada instrumento de biopsia foram coletadas três amostras do mesmo nódulo ou de nódulos macroscopicamente semelhantes e próximos quando o tamanho destes era inferior a um centímetro. Posteriormente as amostras foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. O tempo cirúrgico foi cronometrado da incisão ao fechamento da ferida, etodas as informações foram registradas. No pós-operatório os cães foram avaliados quanto à presença de enfisema subcutâneo, hematoma, seroma, infecção local e deiscência de pontos. Não foi necessário converter os procedimentos toracoscópicos para cirurgia convencional em nenhum dos caninos. Concluiu-se tratar de uma técnica segura, rápida sem complicações trans e pós-operatórias. Ambos dispositivos permitiram aquisição de material suficiente para análise histopatológica das alterações pulmonares, no entanto a agulha cortante guilhotinada apresentou maior eficácia, principalmente, em nódulos pulmonares de maior diâmetro. O acesso transdiafragmático mostrou-se eficiente para exploração de ambos os hemitórax.(AU)

Lung biopsy with guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps though transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopy in dogs with pulmonary alterations / Biópsia pulmonar com agulha cortante guilhotinada e pinça de biopsia por toracoscopia transdiafragmática em cães com alterações pulmonares

Lung diseases are common in small animal clinical routine. Diagnosis is usually affected due to nonspecific symptoms. Imaging features such as radiography and chest ultrasound are acceptable screening tests, although lung biopsy can provides a precise diagnosis. Thus thoracoscopy provides a minimally invasive diagnostic assessment for chest diseases and offers the benefits such as improved illumination and magnification of the image when compared with thoracotomy. In this study we evaluated the transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopic-assisted techniques of lung biopsy with a the guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps, in dogs presenting radiographic suspicion on pulmonary tumors. Fourteen dogs regardless of breed, gender, age and body weight admitted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics (HCV) of the Veterinary College (FAVET) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), were assessed. Inclusion criteria were presence of nodules on chest radiography and triage tests without changes that could hinder general anesthesia and surgical approach. The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbence and two thoracoscopic ports were established: the first port for working instruments; the second paraxyphoid port for the telescope. Three samples were collected using each sampling method from each lesion or from tumors macroscopically similar whenever their size was less than one centimeter. The samples were sent for histopathological examination in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of FAVET/UFRGS. Surgical time was recorded from first incision to wound closure and surgical complications were reported. The dogs were evaluated for the presence of subcutaneous emphysema, hematoma, seroma, local infection and dehiscence. No conversion to open surgery was necessary during the thoracoscopic procedure in any patient. Thoracoscopic assisted biopsy using guillotine needle and biopsy forceps was a safe and fast technique, without perioperative complications...(AU)

As afecções pulmonares são comuns na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, todavia, por apresentarem sintomas inespecíficos, muitas vezes o diagnóstico dessas doenças torna-se limitado. Recursos de imagem como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia torácica são válidos como exames de triagem, mas somente a biopsia pulmonar pode possibilitar um diagnóstico específico da doença. A toracoscopia fornece um meio minimamente invasivo de diagnóstico para as doenças torácicas e oferece os benefícios de melhor iluminação e ampliação da imagem, quando comparado com a toracotomia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as técnicas de biópsia pulmonar por meio da agulha cortante guilhotinada e da pinça de biopsia, guiadas por toracoscopia, pelo acesso transdiafragmático em cães que apresentavam imagem sugestiva de nódulo pulmonar em exame radiográfico prévio. Foram utilizados 14 cães, independente de raça, sexo, idade e peso corporal. Somente caninos com nódulos visíveis na radiografia torácica e que apresentaram condições clínicas e laboratoriais de serem anestesiados foram incluídos no estudo. Os cães foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e foram realizados dois acessos à cavidade torácica: um primeiro portal intercostal, para introdução dos dispositivos de biopsia; e outro portal paraxifoide transdiafragmático para introdução do endoscópio. Com cada instrumento de biopsia foram coletadas três amostras do mesmo nódulo ou de nódulos macroscopicamente semelhantes e próximos quando o tamanho destes era inferior a um centímetro. Posteriormente as amostras foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. O tempo cirúrgico foi cronometrado da incisão ao fechamento da ferida, e todas as informações foram registradas. No pós-operatório os cães foram avaliados quanto à presença de enfisema subcutâneo, hematoma, seroma, infecção local e deiscência de pontos. Não foi necessário converter os procedimentos toracoscópicos para cirurgia convencional em nenhum dos caninos...(AU)

Relación entre las medidas biométricas y el peso corporal en ovinos de la raza Texel / Relationship between biometric measures and body weight in Texel sheep / Relação entre medidas biométricas e peso corporal em ovinos da raça Texel

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la predicción del peso corporal de ovinos de la raza Texel, mediante regresión lineal y no lineal basado en las medidas del cuerpo de la circunferencia del pecho, longitud del cuerpo, cruz de la altura y la circunferencia escrotal, y para describir el comportamiento de crecimiento de las medidas en relación con el peso. Se utilizaron datos de 200 animales de Texel. Los datos fueron recolectados por técnicos capacitados para exposiciones agrícolas que tuvieron lugar en el estado de Paraná entre 2009 y 2014. Los datos para los machos y las hembras se analizaron por separado. Se determinó las correlaciones entre los rasgos. Todas estas características se correlacionaron significativamente, con la circunferencia que presenta mayor correlación con el peso corporal (r = 0,93 para los machos y r = 0,90 para las hembras). Entre los modelos estadísticos generados para la predicción de peso, lo que considera la circunferencia de pecho y la altura fueron los más acertados. La longitud del cuerpo no fue satisfactoria en la predicción. Al probar regresión no lineal, se observó que las mediciones biométricas mostraron un crecimiento alométrico negativo en relación con el peso corporal, lo que indica que estas medidas aumentan más rápido que el peso. Las medidas del cuerpo, en particular la circunferencia pueden ser usados como un método alternativo para la obtención de peso animal.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the prediction of body weight of Texel sheep, through linear and nonlinear regression, based on body measurements of chest girth, body length, withers height and scrotal circumference, and to describe the growth behavior of the measures in relation to the body weight. Data from 200 Texel sheep were used. Data were collected by trained technicians in agricultural exhibitions that took place in the state of Parana, Brazil between 2009 and 2014. The data for males and females were analyzed separately. It was determined the correlations between the measures and the weight. All these characteristics were significantly correlated, with the chest girth presenting the greater correlation with body weight (r = 0.93 for males and r = 0.90 for females). Among the statistical models generated for the prediction of body weight, the models which considered the chest girth and withers height were the most accurate. Body length was not satisfactory in the prediction. In the nonlinear regressions, it was observed that the biometric measures showed negative allometric growth in relation to body weight, indicating that these measures increase faster than weight. The body measurements, particularly the chest girth can be used as an alternative method for obtaining the animal body weight.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a predição do peso corporal de ovinos da raça Texel, por meio de regressões lineares e não-lineares com base nas medidas corporais de perímetro torácico, comprimento corporal, altura de cernelha e circunferência escrotal, bem como descrever o comportamento do crescimento das medidas em relação ao peso. Foram utilizados dados de 200 animais da raça Texel. Os dados foram coletados por técnicos treinados durante exposições agropecuárias que ocorreram no estado do Paraná entre os anos de 2009 e 2014. Os dados de machos e fêmeas foram analisados separadamente. Determinou-se as correlações entre as características estudadas. Todas as características foram significativamente correlacionadas, com o perímetro torácico apresentando maior correlação com o peso corporal (r=0,93 para machos e r=0,90 para fêmeas). Dentre os modelos estatísticos gerados para a predição do peso, os que consideraram o perímetro torácico e altura foram os mais precisos. O comprimento corporal não foi satisfatório na predição. Ao se testar as regressões não-lineares, foi observado que as medidas biométricas apresentaram crescimento alométrico negativo em relação ao peso corporal, indicando que essas medidas aumentam mais rapidamente do que o peso.As medidas corporais, principalmente o perímetro torácico, podem ser usadas como método alternativo para obtenção de peso dos animais.(AU)

Relación entre las medidas biométricas y el peso corporal en ovinos de la raza Texel / Relationship between biometric measures and body weight in Texel sheep / Relação entre medidas biométricas e peso corporal em ovinos da raça Texel

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la predicción del peso corporal de ovinos de la raza Texel, mediante regresión lineal y no lineal basado en las medidas del cuerpo de la circunferencia del pecho, longitud del cuerpo, cruz de la altura y la circunferencia escrotal, y para describir el comportamiento de crecimiento de las medidas en relación con el peso. Se utilizaron datos de 200 animales de Texel. Los datos fueron recolectados por técnicos capacitados para exposiciones agrícolas que tuvieron lugar en el estado de Paraná entre 2009 y 2014. Los datos para los machos y las hembras se analizaron por separado. Se determinó las correlaciones entre los rasgos. Todas estas características se correlacionaron significativamente, con la circunferencia que presenta mayor correlación con el peso corporal (r = 0,93 para los machos y r = 0,90 para las hembras). Entre los modelos estadísticos generados para la predicción de peso, lo que considera la circunferencia de pecho y la altura fueron los más acertados. La longitud del cuerpo no fue satisfactoria en la predicción. Al probar regresión no lineal, se observó que las mediciones biométricas mostraron un crecimiento alométrico negativo en relación con el peso corporal, lo que indica que estas medidas aumentan más rápido que el peso. Las medidas del cuerpo, en particular la circunferencia pueden ser usados como un método alternativo para la obtención de peso animal.

This study aimed to evaluate the prediction of body weight of Texel sheep, through linear and nonlinear regression, based on body measurements of chest girth, body length, withers height and scrotal circumference, and to describe the growth behavior of the measures in relation to the body weight. Data from 200 Texel sheep were used. Data were collected by trained technicians in agricultural exhibitions that took place in the state of Parana, Brazil between 2009 and 2014. The data for males and females were analyzed separately. It was determined the correlations between the measures and the weight. All these characteristics were significantly correlated, with the chest girth presenting the greater correlation with body weight (r = 0.93 for males and r = 0.90 for females). Among the statistical models generated for the prediction of body weight, the models which considered the chest girth and withers height were the most accurate. Body length was not satisfactory in the prediction. In the nonlinear regressions, it was observed that the biometric measures showed negative allometric growth in relation to body weight, indicating that these measures increase faster than weight. The body measurements, particularly the chest girth can be used as an alternative method for obtaining the animal body weight.

Objetivou-se avaliar a predição do peso corporal de ovinos da raça Texel, por meio de regressões lineares e não-lineares com base nas medidas corporais de perímetro torácico, comprimento corporal, altura de cernelha e circunferência escrotal, bem como descrever o comportamento do crescimento das medidas em relação ao peso. Foram utilizados dados de 200 animais da raça Texel. Os dados foram coletados por técnicos treinados durante exposições agropecuárias que ocorreram no estado do Paraná entre os anos de 2009 e 2014. Os dados de machos e fêmeas foram analisados separadamente. Determinou-se as correlações entre as características estudadas. Todas as características foram significativamente correlacionadas, com o perímetro torácico apresentando maior correlação com o peso corporal (r=0,93 para machos e r=0,90 para fêmeas). Dentre os modelos estatísticos gerados para a predição do peso, os que consideraram o perímetro torácico e altura foram os mais precisos. O comprimento corporal não foi satisfatório na predição. Ao se testar as regressões não-lineares, foi observado que as medidas biométricas apresentaram crescimento alométrico negativo em relação ao peso corporal, indicando que essas medidas aumentam mais rapidamente do que o peso.As medidas corporais, principalmente o perímetro torácico, podem ser usadas como método alternativo para obtenção de peso dos animais.

Piotórax crônico em cão por vagem de Acácia Imperial (Cassia fistula) / Chronic Pyothorax in a dog due pod of acacia imperial (Cassia fistula)

Background: Pyothorax is characterized by the accumulation of septic purulent fluid within the pleural space. Most of the times, it is the true identified infection way in only 2 to 22% of dog cases. Reports show that the most common cause is the migration of grass edges and plant materials, mainly in regions of California, USA. The current study reports an unusual case of a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long, causing chronic Pyothorax in a Border Collie female dog. Case: It was admitted in a Teaching Veterinary Hospital a 2-year-old female Border Collie, weighing 16.5 kg. The complaint was producing of severe cough, dyspnoea, hyporexia and loss of weight in the past three months. The animal could have been horse-kicked, as it is used to herding. In the physical examination, it was detected bilateral thick lung crepitations, more evident in the ventral skull area, dyspnoea, tachypnea, fever, splenomegaly and low body condition score (3/9). The laboratory tests revealed nonregenerative anemia and leukemoid reaction. The chest x-ray showed intense pulmonary opacification and free fluids in the pleural space along with a heterogenic cylindrical image of the mixed radiopacity. This image was then confirmed as the intrathoracic foreing body by the use of a computerized tomography. In this exam it was also possible to observe the damage of part of the middle and inferior right lung lobe. The cytology of the pleural effusion found mixed inflammation and coccoid bacteria, and the microbiological culture Streptococcus sp., and Escherichia coli. The dog underwent thoracotomy in order to remove the foreign body, which was later identified as being a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long. Due to the intense lung damage, a right pneumonectomy was required. After 30 days the animal was fully recovered.[...]

Piotórax crônico em cão por vagem de Acácia Imperial (Cassia fistula) / Chronic Pyothorax in a dog due pod of acacia imperial (Cassia fistula)

Background: Pyothorax is characterized by the accumulation of septic purulent fluid within the pleural space. Most of the times, it is the true identified infection way in only 2 to 22% of dog cases. Reports show that the most common cause is the migration of grass edges and plant materials, mainly in regions of California, USA. The current study reports an unusual case of a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long, causing chronic Pyothorax in a Border Collie female dog. Case: It was admitted in a Teaching Veterinary Hospital a 2-year-old female Border Collie, weighing 16.5 kg. The complaint was producing of severe cough, dyspnoea, hyporexia and loss of weight in the past three months. The animal could have been horse-kicked, as it is used to herding. In the physical examination, it was detected bilateral thick lung crepitations, more evident in the ventral skull area, dyspnoea, tachypnea, fever, splenomegaly and low body condition score (3/9). The laboratory tests revealed nonregenerative anemia and leukemoid reaction. The chest x-ray showed intense pulmonary opacification and free fluids in the pleural space along with a heterogenic cylindrical image of the mixed radiopacity. This image was then confirmed as the intrathoracic foreing body by the use of a computerized tomography. In this exam it was also possible to observe the damage of part of the middle and inferior right lung lobe. The cytology of the pleural effusion found mixed inflammation and coccoid bacteria, and the microbiological culture Streptococcus sp., and Escherichia coli. The dog underwent thoracotomy in order to remove the foreign body, which was later identified as being a Cassia fistula pod (Brazilian Acácia Imperial), of around 10x3 cm long. Due to the intense lung damage, a right pneumonectomy was required. After 30 days the animal was fully recovered.[...](AU)

Reparo de lesão penetrante em parede torácica de cão, ocasionada por javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), com flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal / Unipediculated flap of muscle rectos abdominales to repair a penetrating injury caused by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa) on the thoracic wall of a dog

Lesões penetrantes no tórax causadas por interação animal são frequentes em cães e caracterizam-se por dano extenso e desvitalização dos tecidos moles adjacentes. Quando a musculatura local é insuficiente para a reconstrução, retalhos musculares podem ser mobilizados para reparar o defeito torácico. O presente relato tem como objetivo demonstrar uma alternativa para o reparo de defeito da parede torácica em um cão, ocasionada por interação com javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), utilizando flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal. Com base na literatura consultada, essa técnica reconstrutiva ainda não foi descrita. O flape de músculo reto abdominal mostrou-se uma alternativa viável no reparo de lesão extensa e infectada na parede torácica em cães.(AU)

Penetrating thoracic wounds caused by animal bites are common in dogs and are characterized by extensive trauma and adjacent soft tissue devitalization. When the local musculature is insufficient for the reconstruction, muscle flaps can be taken to repair the thoracic defect. The aim of the present report is to demonstrate an alternative to the thoracic wall defect repair in a dog which was attacked by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), using unipediculated flap of the rectus abdominis muscle. Based on the literature, this reconstructive technique has not yet been described. The rectus abdominis muscle flap proves to be a useful alternative for the repair of extensive and infected thoracic wall lesion in dogs.(AU)

Reparo de lesão penetrante em parede torácica de cão, ocasionada por javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), com flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal / Unipediculated flap of muscle rectos abdominales to repair a penetrating injury caused by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa) on the thoracic wall of a dog

Lesões penetrantes no tórax causadas por interação animal são frequentes em cães e caracterizam-se por dano extenso e desvitalização dos tecidos moles adjacentes. Quando a musculatura local é insuficiente para a reconstrução, retalhos musculares podem ser mobilizados para reparar o defeito torácico. O presente relato tem como objetivo demonstrar uma alternativa para o reparo de defeito da parede torácica em um cão, ocasionada por interação com javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), utilizando flape unipediculado de músculo reto abdominal. Com base na literatura consultada, essa técnica reconstrutiva ainda não foi descrita. O flape de músculo reto abdominal mostrou-se uma alternativa viável no reparo de lesão extensa e infectada na parede torácica em cães.(AU)

Penetrating thoracic wounds caused by animal bites are common in dogs and are characterized by extensive trauma and adjacent soft tissue devitalization. When the local musculature is insufficient for the reconstruction, muscle flaps can be taken to repair the thoracic defect. The aim of the present report is to demonstrate an alternative to the thoracic wall defect repair in a dog which was attacked by javali (Sus scrofa scrofa), using unipediculated flap of the rectus abdominis muscle. Based on the literature, this reconstructive technique has not yet been described. The rectus abdominis muscle flap proves to be a useful alternative for the repair of extensive and infected thoracic wall lesion in dogs.(AU)

ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS DA INFECÇÃO NATURAL POR Dirofilaria immitis EM CÃES ATENDIDOS NO SERVIÇO DE CARDIOLOGIA E DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS DO SETOR DE PEQUENOS ANIMAIS DO HOSPITAL VETERINÁRIO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO

A dirofilariose canina é uma das principais afecções cardiorrespiratórias parasitárias cujo agente etiológico é o filarídeo Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856), associado ao seu endossimbionte Wolbachia sp. Muitos cães infectados são assintomáticos, sendo a suspeita clínica muitas vezes elaborada mediante o exame clínico minucioso ou pelo achado casual de microfilárias em exames laboratoriais. Animais sintomáticos apresentam manifestações clínicas inespecíficas, o que dificulta os médicos veterinários a suspeitarem da infecção e a incluíremna no diagnóstico diferencial. Sendo assim, objetivou-se analisar os aspectos clínicos, descrevendo as alterações cardiorrespiratórias de cães, com mais de 12 meses de idade, apresentados ao Serviço de Cardiologia e Doenças Respiratporias (SCDR) do Hospital Veterinário de Pequenos Animais (HVPA) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Após o consentimento formal dos tutores 26 cães foram submetidos a exame clínico (histórico, anamnese e exame físico), laboratorial (hemograma, pesquisa de microfilária e antígeno), radiográfico (radiografia torácica) e ecodopplercardiográfico. A maioria dos cães incluídos, parasitados (11/26) ou não (15/26), apresentava tosse (65,4%) e alteração na ausculta pulmonar (81%). O sopro em foco tricúspide foi observado em sete cães (26,9%), quatro deles infectados (57,1%) e três livres da infecção (42,9%). Ao ecodopplercardiograma observou-se insuficiência tricúspide em oito cães (30,8%), três deles infectados (37,5%) e, insuficiência pulmonar em 12 (46,1%), sendo seis infectados (50%). A maioria dos animais apresentava alteração no padrão pulmonar (88,5%) à radiografia torácica. O padrão bronquial foi identificado em 45,5% dos cães infectados e em 46,7% nos cães não infectados. Já o padrão intersticial foi identificado em 18,2% dos infectados e em 6,7% dos livres da infecção. Nenhum animal apresentava conjunto de alterações que denotasse probabilidade de hipertensão pulmonar, embora tenham sido observados parâmetros que indiquem que tenha ocorrido aumento da pressão pulmonar. Helmintos foram visualizados ao ecodopplercardiograma em 45,5% das infecções. Os valores hematológicos dos cães infectados e dos não infectados foram semelhantes, apresentando valores médios dentro da faixa de referência para a espécie. As avaliações realizadas demonstraram que os animais estudados não apresentavam doença grave, sendo infectados ou não. Como a dirofilariose é uma doença cardiorrespiratória que apresenta características clínicas indiferenciáveis de afecções cardiorrespiratórias por outras etiologias, fez-se necessário realizar exames parasitológicos, fossem eles pesquisa de microfilárias ou e de antígenos específicos ou até a visualização dos parasitos pelo ecodopplercardiograma, apesar de sua baixa sensibilidade. Conclui-se que a tosse foi o sinal clínico mais referido pelos tutores e, em todos os casos, confirmado pelos médicos veterinários durante o exame físico. A maioria dos animais apresentava sopro em foco tricúspide, ausculta pulmonar alterada, insuficiência da valva tricúspide e pulmonar e parênquima pulmonar com padrões bronquial ou intersticial

Canine heartworm disease is one of the main cardiorespeiratory parasitic illnesses. It´s etiological agent is Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856), that has association with the endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. Many infected dogs are asymptomatic and many times the infection is included in the differential due to a detailed clinical examination or to an microfilariae incidental finding during laboratory work. The clinical signs shown by the symptomatic animals are unspecific, making it difficult for the attending veterinarian to include it in the differential diagnostic work. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze the clinical aspects of the older than 12 months dogs presented to the Serviço de Cardiologia e Doenças Respiratórias (SCDR) of the Hospital Veterinário de Pequenos Animais (HVPA) of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) with cardio respiratory illnesses. After the owners formal consent, 26 dogs were submitted to clinical examination (history, anamnesis and physical examination), to laboratory work (complete blood count, microfilariae detection test and antigen test), to chest x-rays and ecodopplercardiogram. Most dogs included in the study, infected (11/26) or not (15/26), presented cough (65.4%) and abnormal lung sounds (81%). Murmur at the tricuspid focus was present in seven dogs (26.9%), four of them were infected (57.1%) and three free of infection (42.9%). The echodopplercardiogram showed tricuspid insufficiency in eight dogs (30.8%), three of them infected (37.5%) and pulmonary insufficiency in 12 (46.1%), six of them were infected (50%). The x-rays showed that most dogs presented altered pulmonary patterns (88.5%). Bronchial pattern was present in 45.5% of the infected dogs and in 46.7% of the free of infection. The interstitial pattern was present in 18.2% of the infected and in 6.7% of the uninfected. None of the examined dogs presented a set of signs that could denote pulmonary hypertension although high pulmonary pressure was indicated by scarce parameters. Worms were visualized by echodopplercardiogram in 45.5% of the infected dogs. The blood work results´ means of the infected and of the naïve dogs were within the reference range for the species. The performed evaluations showed that all included dogs did not present severe disease, were they infected or not. Since heartworm disease is a cardio respiratory disease undifferentiated from generally caused cardio respiratory illnesses, it was mandatory to perform parasitological assays, were they microfilariae or specific antigen tests or even the worm detection by echodopplercardiogram, despite its low sensitivity. It could be concluded that the owners most claimed complaint was cough,that could be confirmed by the attending veterinarians during physical examination. Most dogs presented tricuspid murmur, altered pulmonary sounds, tricuspid and pulmonary valves insufficiency and bronchial or interstitial patterns of the pulmonary parenchyma.

EXAME RADIOGRÁFICO DO TÓRAX PARA AVALIAÇÃO CARDÍACA EM CÃES

Para avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca, o vertebral heart size (VHS) tem sido proposto como um método de mensuração útil para observadores sem experiência, como um ponto inicial na avaliação do tamanho cardíaco, por ser prático e não invasivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o valor de VHS em cães da raça Shih Tzu, Pinscher e Poodle, por meio do método de mensuração proposto por Buchanan e Bücheler (1995), e comparar a presença de sopro com as variáveis, sexo, idade e VHS. Foi realizada análise cardiopulmonar em radiografias torácicas de 2000 cães, e dentre eles foram selecionados e agrupados cães, machos e fêmeas, de diferentes idades, da raça Shih Tzu, Pinscher e Poodle. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame radiográfico do tórax nas projeções láterolateral direita, esquerda e ventrodorsal. As radiografias foram avaliadas de forma empírica e posteriormente foram realizadas as medidas de VHS. Foram observados que a média do VHS das raças Shih Tzu, Pinscher e Poodle foram 10v, 10v, 9,89v, respectivamente. Foi observado também, que os animais que tinham a presença de sopro cardíaco, apresentaram correlação positiva com a idade mais avançada e o aumento do VHS. Assim, percebe-se que o valor especifico de VHS para as raças Shih Tzu, Pinscher e poodle encontram-se dentro do intervalo geral utilizado por Buchanan e Bücheler (1995), servindo também para o auxílio no diagnóstico de cardiopatias na rotina clínica das referidas raças.

For radiographic assessment of the cardiac silhouette, the vertebral heart size (VHS) has been proposed as a useful measurement method for inexperienced observers, as a starting point in the assessment of cardiac size, as it is practical and non-invasive. The aim of this study was to to determine the value of ESR in dogs of the Shih Tzu, Pinscher and Poodle breed, using the method method proposed by Buchanan and Bücheler (1995), and to compare the presence of murmur with the variables, sex, age and ESR. Cardiopulmonary analysis was performed on chest radiographs 2000 dogs, and among them were selected and grouped dogs, male and female, from different ages, Shih Tzu, Pinscher and Poodle. The animals were submitted to radiographic image of the chest in the right, left and ventrodorsal lateral projections. At radiographs were evaluated empirically and later measurements were taken of VHS. It was observed that the mean of the ESR of the Shih Tzu, Pinscher and Poodle breeds were 10v, 10v, 9.89v, respectively. It was also observed that the animals that had the presence heart murmur, showed a positive correlation with older age and of the VHS. Thus, it is clear that the specific value of ESR for the Shih Tzu, Pinscher and poodle are within the general range used by Buchanan and Bücheler (1995), also serving to aid in the diagnosis of heart disease in the clinical routine of those patients races.

Avaliação radiográfica da cavidade torácica e utilização do método de mensuração VHS (Vertebral heart size) em Saguinus ursulus

Saguinus ursulus é uma espécie de primata neotropical recém-descoberta e, até o momento, nenhum parâmetro anatômico radiográfico da cavidade torácica foi publicado. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar um parâmetro objetivo para o tamanho cardíaco em espécimes de Saguinus ursulus saudáveis utilizando o método de mensuração radiográfica Vertebral heart size (VHS) e fornecer valores de referência para estruturas presentes na cavidade torácica. Foram utilizados 11 espécimes de S. ursulus, seis fêmeas e cinco machos, jovens e adultos, saudáveis, pesando entre 375 e 574g, nascidos em vida livre e mantidos cativos no Centro Nacional de Primatas (CENP), no município de Ananindeua, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Radiografias torácicas nas projeções laterolateral direita (LLD), laterolateral esquerda (LLE) e ventrodorsal (VD) foram utilizadas para determinar um padrão pulmonar e avaliar a silhueta cardíaca utilizando-se o método de mensuração VHS, assim como descrever valores biométricos associados à silhueta cardíaca e estruturas torácicas. Foram apresentados múltiplos parâmetros radiográficos da cavidade torácica de S. ursulus. Os campos pulmonares apresentaram no geral padrão intersticial difuso com variações para o padrão bronquial. Não houve diferenças estatísticas dos valores do VHS obtidos entre machos e fêmeas e entre as projeções LLD e LLE, porém diferenças significativas no comprimento do coração em VD e LL foram observadas. O valor médio do VHS estimado para a espécie foi de 9,14 ± 0,11 (variação de 7,2-10,3v). Conclui-se que a radiografia torácica como uma modalidade de imagem não invasiva permitiu uma avaliação precisa e segura da silhueta cardíaca e de estruturas da cavidade torácica de Saguinus ursulus. O método de mensuração da escala vertebral do coração (VHS) mostrou-se eficaz e aplicável para a espécie. Este estudo fornece uma visão geral da anatomia radiográfica torácica normal e parâmetros de referência primários para a avaliação clínica do tórax de Saguinus ursulus, gerando dados que facilitarão o diagnóstico e acompanhamento de doenças que acometem o sistema cardiorrespiratório da espécie

Saguinus ursulus is a newly discovered neotropical primate species and, to this date, no radiographic- anatomical parameters of the thoracic cavity have been published. The aim of the study was to determine an objective cardiac size parameter in healthy Saguinus ursulus specimens using the Vertebral Heartsize (VHS) radiographic measurement method and to provide reference values for structures present in the thoracic cavity. Eleven specimens of S. ursulus were used, six females and five males, young and adult, healthy, weighing between 375 and 574 g, born in wildlife and held captive at the National Primate Center (CENP), in the city of Ananindeua, state of Pará, Brazil. Chest radiographs in the latero-lateral right (LLR), latero-lateral left (LLL) and ventro-dorsal (VD) projections were used to determine a lung pattern and assess the cardiac silhouette using the VHS measurement method, as well as to describe biometric values associated with the cardiac silhouette and thoracic structures. Multiple radiographic parameters of the S. ursulus thoracic cavity were presented. The pulmonary fields generally presented a diffuse interstitial pattern with variations for the bronchial pattern.There were no statistical differences in the VHS values obtained between males and females and between LLR and LLL projections, but significant differences in heart length in VD and LL were observed. The mean value of the estimated VHS for the species was 9.14 ± 0.11 (variation of 7.2-10.3v). It was concluded that chest radiography as a non-invasive imaging modality allowed an accurate and safe assessment of the cardiac silhouette and structures of the chest cavity of Saguinus ursulus. The method of measuring the vertebral heartsize (VHS) proved to be effective and applicable for the species. This study provides an overview of the normal thoracic radiographic anatomy and primary reference parameters for the clinical evaluation of the chest of Saguinus ursulus, generating data that will facilitate the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases that affect the species cardiorespiratory system

Consumo, desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo raspa de mandioca residual desidratada / Intake, performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing dried cassava peel meal

Avaliou-se a inclusão da raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) nos níveis de 0%, 10%, 20% e 30% na alimentação de frangos de corte, na fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade, sobreo consumo de nutrientes, desempenho animal e rendimento de carcaça. Foram utilizados 200 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb com 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro níveis de inclusão da RMRD tratamento), com 10 aves por boxe e cinco boxes por tratamento. Os níveis de RMRD não alteraram (P>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS)e matéria orgânica (MO) da ração expressos em g/animal/dia, kg de MS/Kg0,75 e percentagem (%) do peso corporal. Porém, os níveis de RMRD alteraram de modo linear crescente (P<0,05) o consumo de proteína bruta, e de modo quadrático (P<0,05) o consumo de fibra em detergenteneutro. Os níveis de RMRD alteraram de maneira linear decrescente (P<0,05) o ganho médio diário, ganho médio total e eficiência alimentar dos frangos de corte durante o período avaliado. Os valores de conversão alimentar dos frangos de corte durante a fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade apresentaram comportamento linear crescente (P<0,05) com a inclusão da RMRD nas rações. Peso corporal ao abate, carcaça quente, peito, asa e sobre asa e o dorso apresentaram efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) com a inclusão de níveis crescentes de RMRD na ração de frangos de corte abatidos com 42 dias de idade. Inclusão de mais que 10% de raspa de mandioca residualdesidratada na alimentação de frangos de corte durante o período de 1 a 42 dias de idade reduz o consumo de ração e dos nutrientes, o ganho de peso e o rendimento da carcaça e dos cortes nobres...

This study evaluated the effect of inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% dried cassava peel meal (DCPM) in the diet of broiler chickens over the period from 1 to 42 days of age on nutrient intake, animal performance, and carcass yield. Two hundred Cobb broiler chickens (1 day old) were allocated in a completely randomized design consisting of four inclusion levels of DCPM (treatment), with 10 animals per box and 5 boxes per treatment. The different levels of DCPM did not alter (P>0.05) dietary dry matter (DM) or organic matter intake, expressed as g/animal/day, kg DMS/kg0.75, and percentage of body weight. However, the addition of DCPM resulted in a linear increase (P<0.05) in crude protein intake and in a quadratic increase (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber intake. Furthermore, the different DCPM levels led to a linear decrease (P<0.05) in average daily gain, average total gain, and feed efficiency of broiler chickens during the period studied. Feed conversion increased linearly (P<0.05) in broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age with inclusion of DCPM in the diets. The inclusion of increasing levels of DCPM in the diet of broiler chickens slaughtered at 42 days of age exerted a linear decreasing effect (P<0.05) on slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and chest, wing, thigh and back weight. The inclusion of more than 10% DCPM in the diet of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age reduces feed and nutrient intake, weight gain, and carcass and noble cut yield...

Consumo, desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo raspa de mandioca residual desidratada / Intake, performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing dried cassava peel meal

Avaliou-se a inclusão da raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) nos níveis de 0%, 10%, 20% e 30% na alimentação de frangos de corte, na fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade, sobreo consumo de nutrientes, desempenho animal e rendimento de carcaça. Foram utilizados 200 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb com 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro níveis de inclusão da RMRD tratamento), com 10 aves por boxe e cinco boxes por tratamento. Os níveis de RMRD não alteraram (P>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS)e matéria orgânica (MO) da ração expressos em g/animal/dia, kg de MS/Kg0,75 e percentagem (%) do peso corporal. Porém, os níveis de RMRD alteraram de modo linear crescente (P<0,05) o consumo de proteína bruta, e de modo quadrático (P<0,05) o consumo de fibra em detergenteneutro. Os níveis de RMRD alteraram de maneira linear decrescente (P<0,05) o ganho médio diário, ganho médio total e eficiência alimentar dos frangos de corte durante o período avaliado. Os valores de conversão alimentar dos frangos de corte durante a fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade apresentaram comportamento linear crescente (P<0,05) com a inclusão da RMRD nas rações. Peso corporal ao abate, carcaça quente, peito, asa e sobre asa e o dorso apresentaram efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) com a inclusão de níveis crescentes de RMRD na ração de frangos de corte abatidos com 42 dias de idade. Inclusão de mais que 10% de raspa de mandioca residualdesidratada na alimentação de frangos de corte durante o período de 1 a 42 dias de idade reduz o consumo de ração e dos nutrientes, o ganho de peso e o rendimento da carcaça e dos cortes nobres...(AU)

This study evaluated the effect of inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% dried cassava peel meal (DCPM) in the diet of broiler chickens over the period from 1 to 42 days of age on nutrient intake, animal performance, and carcass yield. Two hundred Cobb broiler chickens (1 day old) were allocated in a completely randomized design consisting of four inclusion levels of DCPM (treatment), with 10 animals per box and 5 boxes per treatment. The different levels of DCPM did not alter (P>0.05) dietary dry matter (DM) or organic matter intake, expressed as g/animal/day, kg DMS/kg0.75, and percentage of body weight. However, the addition of DCPM resulted in a linear increase (P<0.05) in crude protein intake and in a quadratic increase (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber intake. Furthermore, the different DCPM levels led to a linear decrease (P<0.05) in average daily gain, average total gain, and feed efficiency of broiler chickens during the period studied. Feed conversion increased linearly (P<0.05) in broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age with inclusion of DCPM in the diets. The inclusion of increasing levels of DCPM in the diet of broiler chickens slaughtered at 42 days of age exerted a linear decreasing effect (P<0.05) on slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and chest, wing, thigh and back weight. The inclusion of more than 10% DCPM in the diet of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age reduces feed and nutrient intake, weight gain, and carcass and noble cut yield...(AU)

Consumo, desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo raspa de mandioca residual desidratada / Intake, performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing dried cassava peel meal

Avaliou-se a inclusão da raspa de mandioca residual desidratada (RMRD) nos níveis de 0%, 10%, 20% e 30% na alimentação de frangos de corte, na fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho animal e rendimento de carcaça. Foram utilizados 200 frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb com 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com quatro níveis de inclusão da RMRD (tratamento), com 10 aves por boxe e cinco boxes por tratamento. Os níveis de RMRD não alteraram (P>0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (MS) e matéria orgânica (MO) da ração expressos em g/animal/dia, kg de MS/Kg0,75 e percentagem (%) do peso corporal. Porém, os níveis de RMRD alteraram de modo linear crescente (P<0,05) o consumo de proteína bruta, e de modo quadrático (P<0.05) o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro. Os níveis de RMRD alteraram de maneira linear decrescente (P<0.05) o ganho médio diário, ganho médio total e eficiência alimentar dos frangos de corte durante o período avaliado. Os valores de conversão alimentar dos frangos de corte durante a fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade apresentaram comportamento linear crescente (P<0,05) com a inclusão da RMRD nas rações. Peso corporal ao abate, carcaça quente, peito, asa e sobre asa e o dorso apresentaram efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) com a inclusão de níveis crescentes de RMRD na ração de frangos de corte abatidos com 42 dias de idade. Inclusão de mais que 10% de raspa de mandioca residual desidratada na alimentação de frangos de corte durante o período de 1 a 42 dias de idade reduz o consumo de ração e dos nutrientes, o ganho de peso e o rendimento da carcaça e dos cortes nobres.(AU)

This study evaluated the effect of inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% dried cassava peel meal (DCPM) in the diet of broiler chickens over the period from 1 to 42 days of age on nutrient intake, animal performance, and carcass yield. Two hundred Cobb broiler chickens (1 day old) were allocated in a completely randomized design consisting of four inclusion levels of DCPM (treatment), with 10 animals per box and 5 boxes per treatment. The different levels of DCPM did not alter (P>0.05) dietary dry matter (DM) or organic matter intake, expressed as g/animal/ day, kg DMS/kg0.75, and percentage of body weight. However, the addition of DCPM resulted in a linear increase (P<0.05) in crude protein intake and in a quadratic increase (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber intake. Furthermore, the different DCPM levels led to a linear decrease (P<0.05) in average daily gain, average total gain, and feed efficiency of broiler chickens during the period studied. Feed conversion increased linearly (P<0.05) in broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age with inclusion of DCPM in the diets. The inclusion of increasing levels of DCPM in the diet of broiler chickens slaughtered at 42 days of age exerted a linear decreasing effect (P<0.05) on slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and chest, wing, thigh and back weight. The inclusion of more than 10% DCPM in the diet of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age reduces feed and nutrient intake, weight gain, and carcass and noble cut yield.(AU)

Body weight estimation in sheep Santa Ines / Estimativa do peso corporal em ovinos da raça Santa Inês

The body weight (BW) determination is important to evaluate the growth of animals, their nutritional condition and reproduction and to establish the slaughter time and the sale value of the animal. The chest girth (CG) could be an alternative to determine the body weight of sheep on properties that do not have scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using chest girth to determine the estimated body weight (EBW). The data file contained 1762 records of body weight (BW) and chest girth (CG) from 426 Santa Ines breed sheep, belonging to eight herds located in Southeastern Brazil. The chest girth was measured using the sternum and the withers as base, passing the tape measure behind the shoulder. Body weights were related to CG values through linear regressions using the software Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). The age classes 1, 2, 3, were defined respectively as: 0 to 12 months; 13 to 22 months; over 34 months. The regression equation used to predict the body weight through chest girth in different age classes was y = b0 + b1x, where y is the dependent variable EBW, x is the independent variable CG, b0 is the intercept, b1 is the slope of the equation that defines the relationship between EBW and CG. The other variables were constant. The regression equations for specific age groups of animals were: Class 1 EBW = -42.201

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