Intra-abdominal torsion of a non-neoplastic cryptorchid testis in an adult dog / Torção intra-abdominal de testículo criptorquideo sem neoplasia em cão adulto

Intra-abdominal or intrascrotal testicular torsion in dogs occurs due to spermatic cord rotation. Dogs with testicular torsion commonly present severe pain and require surgical intervention. Torsion of intra-abdominal retained testicles in cryptorchid adult dogs is often associated with the presence of testicular neoplasia. Herein, we reported the case of a 5-year-old male poodle with uncommon intra-abdominal testicular torsion (ITT) of a non-neoplastic testicle. The dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with acute abdominal pain in the hypogastric region. An intra-abdominal gonad and alterations compatible with testicular torsion were visualized during ultrasound examination. Orchiectomy and histopathological analysis of the testes confirmed the diagnosis of ITT in the absence of neoplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully from the situation. This report showed that ITT can occur in adult dogs in the absence of testicular neoplasia and reinforce the message that it should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain in cryptorchid dogs. Furthermore, the ultrasound examination in this case of pain in the hypogastric region was decisive for the diagnosis of ITT.

A torção testicular intra-abdominal ou intra-escrotal em cães ocorre devido à rotação do cordão espermático. Os cães com torção testicular apresentam comumente dor intensa e necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica. Em cães adultos, a torção de testículos retidos no abdômen está geralmente associada à presença de neoplasia testicular. Este relato descreve um caso incomum de cão macho, de cinco anos de idade, da raça Poodle, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário com dor abdominal aguda na região hipogástrica. Durante o exame ecográfico, foi possível evidenciar um testículo e alterações compatíveis com torção testicular. A orquiectomia intra-abdominal e posterior análise histopatológica confirmaram a ITT sem neoplasia associada. O paciente apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória. Este relato mostra que a ITT na ausência de neoplasia pode ocorrer em cães adultos, reforçando a mensagem de que deve ser considerada como um diferencial diagnóstico em casos de dor abdominal aguda. Além disso, o exame ultrassonográfico realizado neste caso de dor na região hipogástrica foi decisivo para o diagnóstico de ITT.

Expression of the NSE,SP,NFH and DβH in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camel

Abstract Neuroendocrine substances play essential roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of testicles. The purpose of this study is to explore the localization and effects of four neuroendocrine markers (NSE, SP, NFH and DβH) in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camels using western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence methods. The results showed that cryptorchidism caused a reduction in layers of spermatogenic epithelium and decreased glycogen positivity in the basement membrane. The ultrastructure revealed that macrophages were always found around the Leydig cells, crowded with swelling mitochondria in cryptorchidism. Expression of NSE in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism was significantly weakened compared to that in the normal group(p<0.01). We found that SP was always distributed along the nerve fibers in normal testes and was expressed in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism. However, expression of NFH in the cryptorchidic tissue was strongly positive in the spermatogenic epithelium, with limited expression in Leydig cells and no expression in peritubular myoid cells. Therefore, the expression of DβH in the Sertoli cells was comparatively strong in both the normal and cryptorchidism groups. NFH and DβH expression was significantly increased in the cryptorchidism group compared with the normal group (p<0.01). These findings indicated that the underdeveloped seminiferous epithelium and pathological changes in cryptorchid tissue in Bactrian camels were potentially related to a disorder in glycoprotein metabolism. Our results suggest that NSE and SP could help judge the pathological changes of cryptorchidism. The present study provides the first evidence at the protein level for the existence of NFH and DβH in Sertoli and Leydig cells in Bactrian camel cryptorchidism and provides a more in-depth understanding of neuroendocrine regulation is crucial for animal cryptorchidism.

Expression of the NSE, SP, NFH and DbetaH in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camel

Neuroendocrine substances play essential roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of testicles. The purpose of this study is to explore the localization and effects of four neuroendocrine markers (NSE, SP, NFH and DβH) in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camels using western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence methods. The results showed that cryptorchidism caused a reduction in layers of spermatogenic epithelium and decreased glycogen positivity in the basement membrane. The ultrastructure revealed that macrophages were always found around the Leydig cells, crowded with swelling mitochondria in cryptorchidism. Expression of NSE in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism was significantly weakened compared to that in the normal group(p<0.01). We found that SP was always distributed along the nerve fibers in normal testes and was expressed in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism. However, expression of NFH in the cryptorchidic tissue was strongly positive in the spermatogenic epithelium, with limited expression in Leydig cells and no expression in peritubular myoid cells. Therefore, the expression of DβH in the Sertoli cells was comparatively strong in both the normal and cryptorchidism groups. NFH and DβH expression was significantly increased in the cryptorchidism group compared with the normal group (p<0.01). These findings indicated that the underdeveloped seminiferous epithelium and pathological changes in cryptorchid tissue in Bactrian camels were potentially related to a disorder in glycoprotein metabolism. Our results suggest that NSE and SP could help judge the pathological changes of cryptorchidism. The present study provides the first evidence at the protein level for the existence of NFH and DβH in Sertoli and Leydig cells in Bactrian camel cryptorchidism and provides a more in-depth understanding of neuroendocrine regulation is crucial for animal cryptorchidism.(AU)

Não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros em distintas condições sexuais / Non-constituents of the carcass of lambs on different sexual conditions

O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da condição sexual nos pesos e rendimentos dos não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros cruza Texel x Corriedale. Foram utilizados 46 machos divididos em três grupos: não castrados (n=15), castrados (n=17) e induzidos ao criptorquidismo (n=14). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e número variável de repetições. Foi realizada análise de variância para avaliar o efeito da condição sexual sobre as características estudadas. Cordeiros castrados atingiram as condições estipuladas para o abate mais precocemente. Não castrados e induzidos ao criptorquidismo apresentaram pesos superiores de cabeça (kg), pele (kg), pênis (kg) e fígado com vesícula (kg). Não castrados apresentaram valores Como citar - disponível no site, superiores do conjunto pulmões com traqueia (kg) em relação na página do artigo. a animais castrados. Conclui-se que cordeiros não castrados e induzidos ao criptorquidismo apresentam pesos superiores de alguns componentes corporais quando terminados em campo nativo recebendo suplementação de 1% do peso corporal. Proporcionalmente, a condição sexual não interfere nos rendimentos dos componentes corporais de cordeiros Texel x Corriedale.

The study was carried out with objective to evaluate the effects of sexual condition on the weights and yields of nonconstituents of the carcass of Texel x Corriedale lambs. Forty-six males were used divided in three groups: uncastrated (n = 15), castrated (n = 17) and induced to cryptorchidism (n = 14). A completely randomized design with three treatments and variable number of repetitions was adopted, an analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effect of sexual condition on the characteristics studied. Castrated lambs have reached the stipulated conditions for slaughter earlier. Uncastrated and induced to cryptorchidism presented higher weights of head (kg), skin (kg), penis (kg) and liver with gall bladder (kg). Uncastrated lambs presented higher values for lungs with trachea (kg) compared to castrated animals. It is concluded that uncastrated and induced to cryptorchidism lambs present higher weights of some body components when finished in native field receiving supplementation of 1% of body weight. Proportionally, the sexual condition does not interfere in the yields of the body components of Texel x Corriedale lambs.

Não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros em distintas condições sexuais / Non-constituents of the carcass of lambs on different sexual conditions

O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da condição sexual nos pesos e rendimentos dos não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros cruza Texel x Corriedale. Foram utilizados 46 machos divididos em três grupos: não castrados (n=15), castrados (n=17) e induzidos ao criptorquidismo (n=14). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e número variável de repetições. Foi realizada análise de variância para avaliar o efeito da condição sexual sobre as características estudadas. Cordeiros castrados atingiram as condições estipuladas para o abate mais precocemente. Não castrados e induzidos ao criptorquidismo apresentaram pesos superiores de cabeça (kg), pele (kg), pênis (kg) e fígado com vesícula (kg). Não castrados apresentaram valores Como citar - disponível no site, superiores do conjunto pulmões com traqueia (kg) em relação na página do artigo. a animais castrados. Conclui-se que cordeiros não castrados e induzidos ao criptorquidismo apresentam pesos superiores de alguns componentes corporais quando terminados em campo nativo recebendo suplementação de 1% do peso corporal. Proporcionalmente, a condição sexual não interfere nos rendimentos dos componentes corporais de cordeiros Texel x Corriedale.(AU)

The study was carried out with objective to evaluate the effects of sexual condition on the weights and yields of nonconstituents of the carcass of Texel x Corriedale lambs. Forty-six males were used divided in three groups: uncastrated (n = 15), castrated (n = 17) and induced to cryptorchidism (n = 14). A completely randomized design with three treatments and variable number of repetitions was adopted, an analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effect of sexual condition on the characteristics studied. Castrated lambs have reached the stipulated conditions for slaughter earlier. Uncastrated and induced to cryptorchidism presented higher weights of head (kg), skin (kg), penis (kg) and liver with gall bladder (kg). Uncastrated lambs presented higher values for lungs with trachea (kg) compared to castrated animals. It is concluded that uncastrated and induced to cryptorchidism lambs present higher weights of some body components when finished in native field receiving supplementation of 1% of body weight. Proportionally, the sexual condition does not interfere in the yields of the body components of Texel x Corriedale lambs.(AU)

Testicular teratoma in a unilateral right-sided abdominal cryptorchid horse

Background: Cryptorchidism is characterized by the incomplete descent of one or both testicles to the scrotum, beinga hereditary alteration and frequently an unilateral condition. Besides the sexual and aggressive behaviour, the retainedtesticle is commonly located in abdominal cavity, being considered a risk factor for neoplasm development. The mostcommon testicular neoplasm reported in mammalian species are Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, seminomas andteratomas. A presumptive diagnosis of testicular tumor can be achieved by ultrasonography, although the definitive diagnosis is obtained only by histopathology. In this report, we are presenting a case of testicular teratoma in an unilateralabdominal cryptorchid horse.Case: A 3 year-old stallion, American Quarter Horse, was attended and presented a right testicle retained inside the abdomen and a left testicle in the scrotum. Transrectal palpation was used to identify a round and firm structure, presumablythe right testicle, lateral to the urinary bladder and located inside abdomen. Further, a transrectal ultrasound examinationshowed a complex, round mass with irregular edges containing both cystic and solid structures, hypoechoic fluid-filledcavities separated by linear hyperechoic septa. After a clinical examination, the animal was diagnosed with cryptorchidismand was submitted to orchiectomy and cryptorchidectomy by inguinal approach. Surgery was performed under generalanesthesia and postoperative care included cold shower, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy. Testicles were surgicallyremoved and further sent for histopathological examination. The visual appearance...

Testicular teratoma in a unilateral right-sided abdominal cryptorchid horse

Background: Cryptorchidism is characterized by the incomplete descent of one or both testicles to the scrotum, beinga hereditary alteration and frequently an unilateral condition. Besides the sexual and aggressive behaviour, the retainedtesticle is commonly located in abdominal cavity, being considered a risk factor for neoplasm development. The mostcommon testicular neoplasm reported in mammalian species are Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, seminomas andteratomas. A presumptive diagnosis of testicular tumor can be achieved by ultrasonography, although the definitive diagnosis is obtained only by histopathology. In this report, we are presenting a case of testicular teratoma in an unilateralabdominal cryptorchid horse.Case: A 3 year-old stallion, American Quarter Horse, was attended and presented a right testicle retained inside the abdomen and a left testicle in the scrotum. Transrectal palpation was used to identify a round and firm structure, presumablythe right testicle, lateral to the urinary bladder and located inside abdomen. Further, a transrectal ultrasound examinationshowed a complex, round mass with irregular edges containing both cystic and solid structures, hypoechoic fluid-filledcavities separated by linear hyperechoic septa. After a clinical examination, the animal was diagnosed with cryptorchidismand was submitted to orchiectomy and cryptorchidectomy by inguinal approach. Surgery was performed under generalanesthesia and postoperative care included cold shower, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy. Testicles were surgicallyremoved and further sent for histopathological examination. The visual appearance...(AU)

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS TM) using an umbilical hernial approach for cryptorchidectomy of a degenerated testis in a dog / Aplicação do portal único (SILS TM) por acesso herniário umbilical para criptorquidectomia de testículo degenerado em cão

SILS TM via an umbilical hernia opening was used in the correction of an abdominal cryptorchidism in a dog. The SILS TM port was inserted through a 2.5 cm skin incision on the umbilical hernia and pneumoperitoneum was established with CO2. A 10mm telescope, 5mm laparoscopic Babcock clamp, and a clamp with combined cutting and coagulation features were used for the dissection and removal of the testicle through the SILS TM port. The treatment proved to be effective, easy, and quick to perform. However, the lack of triangulation between clamps and telescope limited the movement of the instruments, making it more laborious than a multiple-trocar approach. It can be concluded that the use of a SILS TM port through a pre-existing opening of the abdominal wall enables a reduction of the risks associated with multiple incisions; such as injury and manipulation of internal organs, pain, bleeding, and development of new hernias.(AU)

Objetivou-se proceder um tratamento para um caso de criptorquidismo canino, utilizando-se abordagem laparoscópica com portal único SILS TM, por meio de acesso abdominal via abertura de hérnia umbilical. Realizou-se uma incisão de 2,5 cm da pele em cima da hérnia umbilical, por onde introduziu-se trocater SILS TM, seguido do estabelecimento do pneumoperitônio com CO2. Utilizou-se ótica de 10mm, pinça laparoscópica de apreensão tipo Babcock de 5mm e pinça com corte e coagulação simultâneos para liberação e retirada do testículo e do trocater SILS TM, pelo acesso herniário. O tratamento proposto mostrou-se efetivo, de execução relativamente fácil e rápida. Entretanto, a ausência de triangulação entre as pinças e a óptica resultou em maior limitação na movimentação dos instrumentais, em comparação ao procedimento realizado com utilização de múltiplos portais. Pode-se concluir que a utilização do trocater SILS TM em uma falha pré-existente da parede abdominal possibilita significativa redução dos riscos potenciais de múltiplas incisões, como lesão de órgãos internos, manipulação, dor, sangramento e formação de novas hérnias.(AU)

Sertolioma intra-abdominal em cão com repercussões sistêmicas e locais Intra-abdominal / Sertoli cell tumor in dog with local and systemic repercussions

Background: In dogs, abdominal testes have higher risk of malignant transformation, and the Sertoli cell tumor is the most common type of testicular cancer in the species. This neoplasia can lead to an increase on estrogen production, causing a paraneoplastic feminization syndrome with dermatologic, behavioral and blood repercussions. When located inside the abdomen, the Sertoli cell tumor can compress adjacent organs, worsening the prognosis. Thus, this study aimed to report a case of an intra-abdominal Sertoli cell tumor in a dog associated to multiple organic complications.Case: A 4-year-old male Shih-tzu was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), with a history of abdominal cryptorchidism and the development of dermatological signs, such as alopecia and hyperpigmentation, with an evolution of two months. At physical examination it was observed alopecia on lumbosacral region and on hind limbs, hyperpigmentation, gynecomastia and pendulous prepuce, suggestive of feminization syndrome. A firm mass was palpated on caudal abdomen. The following exams were requested: complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea), abdominal ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology of the abdominal mass. Hematological and biochemistry profile were within the normal range for the species. On the ultrasonography, regular and rounded structures were observed, suggesting ectopic testes (left testis: 2.37 x 2.95 cm; right testis: 1.92 x 1.38 cm). The left testis presented characteristics of malignant transformation. The cytology of the abdominal mass suggested Sertoli cell tumor. The dog was submitted to an exploratory laparotomy. The right testis was atrophied and its orchiectomy was performed.[...]

Sertolioma intra-abdominal em cão com repercussões sistêmicas e locais Intra-abdominal / Sertoli cell tumor in dog with local and systemic repercussions

Background: In dogs, abdominal testes have higher risk of malignant transformation, and the Sertoli cell tumor is the most common type of testicular cancer in the species. This neoplasia can lead to an increase on estrogen production, causing a paraneoplastic feminization syndrome with dermatologic, behavioral and blood repercussions. When located inside the abdomen, the Sertoli cell tumor can compress adjacent organs, worsening the prognosis. Thus, this study aimed to report a case of an intra-abdominal Sertoli cell tumor in a dog associated to multiple organic complications.Case: A 4-year-old male Shih-tzu was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), with a history of abdominal cryptorchidism and the development of dermatological signs, such as alopecia and hyperpigmentation, with an evolution of two months. At physical examination it was observed alopecia on lumbosacral region and on hind limbs, hyperpigmentation, gynecomastia and pendulous prepuce, suggestive of feminization syndrome. A firm mass was palpated on caudal abdomen. The following exams were requested: complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea), abdominal ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology of the abdominal mass. Hematological and biochemistry profile were within the normal range for the species. On the ultrasonography, regular and rounded structures were observed, suggesting ectopic testes (left testis: 2.37 x 2.95 cm; right testis: 1.92 x 1.38 cm). The left testis presented characteristics of malignant transformation. The cytology of the abdominal mass suggested Sertoli cell tumor. The dog was submitted to an exploratory laparotomy. The right testis was atrophied and its orchiectomy was performed.[...](AU)

Piometra associada a criptorquidismo em cão pseudo-hermafrodita masculino com síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller / Pyometra associated to cryptorchidism in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

O sexo genético é estabelecido no momento da fertilização, e os sexos gonadal e fenotípico durante o período de desenvolvimento embrionário. Quando há alguma alteração nesse desenvolvimento, os animais podem apresentar hermafroditismo. Cães pseudo-hermafroditas masculino podem apresentar a síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller, causada pela presença de um gene autossômico recessivo. Esses indivíduos possuem cariótipo 78 XY, genitália externa masculina, porém apresentam internamente uma porção cranial da vagina, corpo e corno uterinos, tubas uterinas e cérvix. O presente trabalho relata os achados clínicos, ultrassonográficos, histopatológicos e citogenético de um cão da raça Schnauzer pseudo-hermafrodita masculino com a síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller associada a piometra e criptorquidismo.(AU)

Genetic sex is established at the time of fertilization, and gonadal and phenotypic sex during the period of embryonic development. When there is a change in this development, the animals may present hermaphroditism. Male pseudo-hermaphrodite dogs may present the Müllerian persistence duct syndrome, caused by the presence of an autosomal recessive gene. These individuals have a 78 XY karyotype, male external genitalia, but internally present a cranial portion of the vagina, body and horn of the uterus, uterine tubes and cervix. The present study reports the clinical, ultrasonographic, histopathological and cytogenetic findings of a Schnauzer pseudohermaphrodite male dog with Müllerian persistence duct syndrome associated with pyometra and cryptorchidism.(AU)

Piometra associada a criptorquidismo em cão pseudo-hermafrodita masculino com síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller / Pyometra associated to cryptorchidism in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

O sexo genético é estabelecido no momento da fertilização, e os sexos gonadal e fenotípico durante o período de desenvolvimento embrionário. Quando há alguma alteração nesse desenvolvimento, os animais podem apresentar hermafroditismo. Cães pseudo-hermafroditas masculino podem apresentar a síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller, causada pela presença de um gene autossômico recessivo. Esses indivíduos possuem cariótipo 78 XY, genitália externa masculina, porém apresentam internamente uma porção cranial da vagina, corpo e corno uterinos, tubas uterinas e cérvix. O presente trabalho relata os achados clínicos, ultrassonográficos, histopatológicos e citogenético de um cão da raça Schnauzer pseudo-hermafrodita masculino com a síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller associada a piometra e criptorquidismo.

Genetic sex is established at the time of fertilization, and gonadal and phenotypic sex during the period of embryonic development. When there is a change in this development, the animals may present hermaphroditism. Male pseudo-hermaphrodite dogs may present the Müllerian persistence duct syndrome, caused by the presence of an autosomal recessive gene. These individuals have a 78 XY karyotype, male external genitalia, but internally present a cranial portion of the vagina, body and horn of the uterus, uterine tubes and cervix. The present study reports the clinical, ultrasonographic, histopathological and cytogenetic findings of a Schnauzer pseudohermaphrodite male dog with Müllerian persistence duct syndrome associated with pyometra and cryptorchidism.

Blood testosterone level and growth of castrated, uncastrated, and cryptorchid lambs / Nível sanguíneo de testosterona e crescimento de cordeiros castrados, não castrados e criptorquidas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sexual status on blood testosterone levels and its influence on lamb growth. A total of 49 Texel x Corriedale males, originating of single births, were divided into three groups: uncastrated (n = 16), castrated (n = 17) and cryptorchid (n = 16), in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in extensive natural pasture, with feed supplementation after weaning. The effect of the sexual status was examined by analysis of variance. Uncastrated and castrated lambs showed higher body weight, thoracic perimeter, and body compactness between the 35th and 203th day of age. Uncastrated lambs had mean weight higher than cryptorchid lambs over the whole period. Cryptorchid lambs had an average weight gain greater than castrated lambs between the 203rd and 259th days. Castrated lambs had a higher body condition score on the 147th day than the cryptorchid lambs, and on the 175th and 203rd days than uncastrated and cryptorchid lambs. Blood testosterone concentrations were higher in the uncastrated and cryptorchid lambs on the 203rd and 231st days and in the overall mean. The findings of this study showed that, with advancing age, the sexual status affects the testosterone production, not showing differences regarding growth at young ages.

O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da condição sexual nos níveis sanguíneos de testosterona e sua influência no crescimento de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 49 machos cruza Texel x Corriedale, oriundos de partos simples, divididos em três grupos: não castrados (n=16), castrados (n=17) e induzidos ao criptorquidismo (n=16), criados na região do Bioma Pampa, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em condições extensivas de pastagem natural, com suplementação alimentar após o desmame. Foi utilizada a análise de variância para avaliar o efeito da condição sexual. Cordeiros não castrados e castrados apresentaram valores superiores de peso corporal entre o 35º e o 203º dia de idade, assim como no perímetro torácico e compacidade corporal. Cordeiros não castrados foram superiores aos criptorquidas na média de peso no período total. Criptorquidas apresentaram ganho médio de peso superior aos castrados entre o 203º e 259º dias. Castrados apresentaram escore de condição corporal superior, no 147º dia em relação aos criptorquidas, e no 175º e 203º dias em relação a não castrados e criptorquidas. As concentrações de testosterona sanguínea foram superiores nos não castrados e criptorquidas no 203º e 231º dias e na média geral. Conclui-se que, com o avanço da idade, a condição sexual afeta a produção hormonal de testosterona não se observando diferenças em termos de crescimento em idades jovens.

Blood testosterone level and growth of castrated, uncastrated, and cryptorchid lambs / Nível sanguíneo de testosterona e crescimento de cordeiros castrados, não castrados e criptorquidas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sexual status on blood testosterone levels and its influence on lamb growth. A total of 49 Texel x Corriedale males, originating of single births, were divided into three groups: uncastrated (n = 16), castrated (n = 17) and cryptorchid (n = 16), in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in extensive natural pasture, with feed supplementation after weaning. The effect of the sexual status was examined by analysis of variance. Uncastrated and castrated lambs showed higher body weight, thoracic perimeter, and body compactness between the 35th and 203th day of age. Uncastrated lambs had mean weight higher than cryptorchid lambs over the whole period. Cryptorchid lambs had an average weight gain greater than castrated lambs between the 203rd and 259th days. Castrated lambs had a higher body condition score on the 147th day than the cryptorchid lambs, and on the 175th and 203rd days than uncastrated and cryptorchid lambs. Blood testosterone concentrations were higher in the uncastrated and cryptorchid lambs on the 203rd and 231st days and in the overall mean. The findings of this study showed that, with advancing age, the sexual status affects the testosterone production, not showing differences regarding growth at young ages.(AU)

O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da condição sexual nos níveis sanguíneos de testosterona e sua influência no crescimento de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 49 machos cruza Texel x Corriedale, oriundos de partos simples, divididos em três grupos: não castrados (n=16), castrados (n=17) e induzidos ao criptorquidismo (n=16), criados na região do Bioma Pampa, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em condições extensivas de pastagem natural, com suplementação alimentar após o desmame. Foi utilizada a análise de variância para avaliar o efeito da condição sexual. Cordeiros não castrados e castrados apresentaram valores superiores de peso corporal entre o 35º e o 203º dia de idade, assim como no perímetro torácico e compacidade corporal. Cordeiros não castrados foram superiores aos criptorquidas na média de peso no período total. Criptorquidas apresentaram ganho médio de peso superior aos castrados entre o 203º e 259º dias. Castrados apresentaram escore de condição corporal superior, no 147º dia em relação aos criptorquidas, e no 175º e 203º dias em relação a não castrados e criptorquidas. As concentrações de testosterona sanguínea foram superiores nos não castrados e criptorquidas no 203º e 231º dias e na média geral. Conclui-se que, com o avanço da idade, a condição sexual afeta a produção hormonal de testosterona não se observando diferenças em termos de crescimento em idades jovens.(AU)

Pseudo-hermafroditismo em cadela da raça buldogue-francês / Pseudohermaphroditism in a female French Bulldog / Pseudohermafroditismo en una perra Bulldog Francés

Pseudo-hermafroditismo é uma anomalia sexual rara em cães, em que existem caracteristicas masculinas e femininas em um mesmo individuo; geralmente o animal apresenta genitalia externa ambigua e gônadas masculinas ou femininas. O presente relato é sobre um animal de 5 meses de idade, da raça buldogue-francês, cuja queixa principal foi a presença de uma estrutura em região interna de genitália com evolução aproximada de 2 meses. O exame clinico constatou que a paciente mas com uma estrutura hipertrofiada no interior similar a um clitóris, além de um OSSO apresentava caracteristica fenotipica de fêmea, com vagina sem alterações aparentes, peniano. A radiografia abdominal lateral direita revelou a presença de provável osso peniano atrofiado, localizado dentro da vagina. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou a presença de duas estruturas ovaladas, grosseiras e hipoecogênicas em região inguinal (tecido subcutâneo), sugerindo testiculos ectopicos; não foram observados os ovários e o útero. Durante a laparotomia observou-se a ausência de ovários e a presença de útero, além de testiculos no tecido subcutâneo.

Pseudohermaphroditism is a sexual anomaly, rare in dogs, in which the individual has both male and female characteristics; normally ambiguous external genitalia and male or female gonads. This report concerns a 5-month-old female French Bulldog, where the principal concern was the presence of a structure in the internal region of the genitalia with evolution of approximately 2 months. Upon clinical examination, it was found that the patient had a characteristically female phenotype and a vagina with no apparent changes, despite the presence of a hypertrophied structure inside, similar to a clitoris and a probable penile bone. A right lateral abdominal radiography revealed the presence of a probable atrophied penile bone located inside the vulva. An ultrasound examination showed the presence of two oval, coarse and hypoechogenic structures in the inguinal (subcutaneous) region, suggesting ectopic testicles; ovaries and uterus were not observed. However, during laparotomy the absence of ovaries and the presence of uterus and testicles in the subcutaneous tissue were observed.

El pseudohermafroditismo representa una anomalia congénita rara en perros, en la cual se observan caracteristicas de macho y de hembra en un individuo; generalmente el animal presenta genitales externos ambiguos y gónadas masculinas o femeninas. El presente relato describe este cuadro en un Bulldog francés de 5 meses que llegó a consulta porque podia observarse una estructura diferente en vulva con evolución aproximada de 2 meses. Durante la consulta, la paciente presentaba características fenotipicas de hembra, con una vagina normal y una estructura hipertrofiada en su interior, similar a un clitoris, y otra parecida con un hueso peneano. La radiografia abdominal lateral derecha mostró la presencia de un posible hueso peneano atrofiado que se localizaba cercano a la vagina. La ecografia permitió localizar dos estructuras ovaladas, grandes e hipecogénicas en la región inguinal (subcutáneo) similares a los testiculos (ectopia testicular); no se observaron ovarios y útero. Durante la laparatomia se observo ausencia de ovarios, presencia de útero y la localización de ambos testículos en el tejido subcutáneo.

Ocorrência de patologias em machos felinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia / Occurrence of diseases in cats males treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia

The pathologies of the reproductive system of cats are common in veterinary medicine and are alwayscomplex and multifactorial, where the primary objective is to determine the cause of the problem, both infemales as in males, with varying degrees of morbidity, mortality and suffering influences reproductive historyfrom previous pharmacological treatments and environmental conditions and can therefore be regionalvariations in the incidence of certain reproductive abnormalities. Cryptorchidism is incomplete testiculardescent, may be retained in any follow this path. The survey was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital (HOVET /UFRA), Belém / Pará, with animals attended by residents of Animal Reproduction Section, feline fromBethlehem. The information on the animals were obtained by consulting the records contained in the files theSISVET (veterinary System) program being evaluated only attended by veterinary medical residents of the Sectorof Small Animal Reproduction Clinic of this hospital.(AU)

Pseudo-hermafroditismo em cadela da raça buldogue-francês / Pseudohermaphroditism in a female French Bulldog / Pseudohermafroditismo en una perra Bulldog Francés

Pseudo-hermafroditismo é uma anomalia sexual rara em cães, em que existem caracteristicas masculinas e femininas em um mesmo individuo; geralmente o animal apresenta genitalia externa ambigua e gônadas masculinas ou femininas. O presente relato é sobre um animal de 5 meses de idade, da raça buldogue-francês, cuja queixa principal foi a presença de uma estrutura em região interna de genitália com evolução aproximada de 2 meses. O exame clinico constatou que a paciente mas com uma estrutura hipertrofiada no interior similar a um clitóris, além de um OSSO apresentava caracteristica fenotipica de fêmea, com vagina sem alterações aparentes, peniano. A radiografia abdominal lateral direita revelou a presença de provável osso peniano atrofiado, localizado dentro da vagina. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou a presença de duas estruturas ovaladas, grosseiras e hipoecogênicas em região inguinal (tecido subcutâneo), sugerindo testiculos ectopicos; não foram observados os ovários e o útero. Durante a laparotomia observou-se a ausência de ovários e a presença de útero, além de testiculos no tecido subcutâneo.(AU)

Pseudohermaphroditism is a sexual anomaly, rare in dogs, in which the individual has both male and female characteristics; normally ambiguous external genitalia and male or female gonads. This report concerns a 5-month-old female French Bulldog, where the principal concern was the presence of a structure in the internal region of the genitalia with evolution of approximately 2 months. Upon clinical examination, it was found that the patient had a characteristically female phenotype and a vagina with no apparent changes, despite the presence of a hypertrophied structure inside, similar to a clitoris and a probable penile bone. A right lateral abdominal radiography revealed the presence of a probable atrophied penile bone located inside the vulva. An ultrasound examination showed the presence of two oval, coarse and hypoechogenic structures in the inguinal (subcutaneous) region, suggesting ectopic testicles; ovaries and uterus were not observed. However, during laparotomy the absence of ovaries and the presence of uterus and testicles in the subcutaneous tissue were observed.(AU)

El pseudohermafroditismo representa una anomalia congénita rara en perros, en la cual se observan caracteristicas de macho y de hembra en un individuo; generalmente el animal presenta genitales externos ambiguos y gónadas masculinas o femeninas. El presente relato describe este cuadro en un Bulldog francés de 5 meses que llegó a consulta porque podia observarse una estructura diferente en vulva con evolución aproximada de 2 meses. Durante la consulta, la paciente presentaba características fenotipicas de hembra, con una vagina normal y una estructura hipertrofiada en su interior, similar a un clitoris, y otra parecida con un hueso peneano. La radiografia abdominal lateral derecha mostró la presencia de un posible hueso peneano atrofiado que se localizaba cercano a la vagina. La ecografia permitió localizar dos estructuras ovaladas, grandes e hipecogénicas en la región inguinal (subcutáneo) similares a los testiculos (ectopia testicular); no se observaron ovarios y útero. Durante la laparatomia se observo ausencia de ovarios, presencia de útero y la localización de ambos testículos en el tejido subcutáneo.(AU)

Ocorrência de patologias em machos felinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia / Occurrence of diseases in cats males treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia

The pathologies of the reproductive system of cats are common in veterinary medicine and are alwayscomplex and multifactorial, where the primary objective is to determine the cause of the problem, both infemales as in males, with varying degrees of morbidity, mortality and suffering influences reproductive historyfrom previous pharmacological treatments and environmental conditions and can therefore be regionalvariations in the incidence of certain reproductive abnormalities. Cryptorchidism is incomplete testiculardescent, may be retained in any follow this path. The survey was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital (HOVET /UFRA), Belém / Pará, with animals attended by residents of Animal Reproduction Section, feline fromBethlehem. The information on the animals were obtained by consulting the records contained in the files theSISVET (veterinary System) program being evaluated only attended by veterinary medical residents of the Sectorof Small Animal Reproduction Clinic of this hospital.

Monorquidismo em um equino marchador / Monorchidism in a four-beat gaited horse

O monorquidismo é um quadro raramente descrito em equinos, que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional. Trata-se de um equino adulto brasileiro, com oito anos de idade, sem raça definida, porém com características de raças de origem nacional. Por abordagem inguinal do lado esquerdo, localizou-se a túnica vaginal intacta, que, aberta, continha a cauda de um epidídimo mal formado, o ducto deferente e um delgado pedículo vascular, mas sem indícios de testículo. Exames histológicos e hormonais confirmaram a ausência de tecido testicular. Conclui-se que os exames histológicos e hormonais são essenciais para o diagnóstico de monorquidismo que, apesar de raro, também pode acometer equinos nacionais.(AU)

As monorchidism is rarely reported in horses and no case report has been found in the national literature, the objective was to describe a case in an eight-year old Brazilian adult horse. Using an inguinal approach in the left side, an intact tunica vaginalis was found containing the tail of a malformed epididymis, the ductus deferens and a thin vascular pedicle but without evidence of testicle. Histological and hormonal exams confirmed the absence of testicular tissue. In conclusion, histological and hormonal exams are essential for the diagnosis of monorchidism, which although rare, can also affect national horses.(AU)

Monorquidismo em um equino marchador / Monorchidism in a four-beat gaited horse

O monorquidismo é um quadro raramente descrito em equinos, que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional. Trata-se de um equino adulto brasileiro, com oito anos de idade, sem raça definida, porém com características de raças de origem nacional. Por abordagem inguinal do lado esquerdo, localizou-se a túnica vaginal intacta, que, aberta, continha a cauda de um epidídimo mal formado, o ducto deferente e um delgado pedículo vascular, mas sem indícios de testículo. Exames histológicos e hormonais confirmaram a ausência de tecido testicular. Conclui-se que os exames histológicos e hormonais são essenciais para o diagnóstico de monorquidismo que, apesar de raro, também pode acometer equinos nacionais.

As monorchidism is rarely reported in horses and no case report has been found in the national literature, the objective was to describe a case in an eight-year old Brazilian adult horse. Using an inguinal approach in the left side, an intact tunica vaginalis was found containing the tail of a malformed epididymis, the ductus deferens and a thin vascular pedicle but without evidence of testicle. Histological and hormonal exams confirmed the absence of testicular tissue. In conclusion, histological and hormonal exams are essential for the diagnosis of monorchidism, which although rare, can also affect national horses.