Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil

Fire might occur under natural conditions in the Pantanal of Brazil; however, with climate change, severe periods of drought potentiated the devasting fires in 2020, resulting in substantial wildlife loss. Considering that mammal communities are strongly affected by fire and habitat alterations, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in mammal diversity and the number of records before and one year after the fire in one region of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Parque SESC Baía das Pedras - PSBP). The data collection was performed using camera trapping between 2015 and 2017 and 2021, together with visual field observations in PSBP. We observed that the mammal assemblage composition was similar before and one year after the fire. Four species were more or less frequent in burned areas than in unburned ones. Since the fire was controlled in this area, avoiding its total destruction, and the species that fled from the surrounding areas, which were completely burnt, might be using PSBP as a refuge while the vegetation recovers elsewhere. Therefore, the PSBP might have contributed to protecting mammal species after the fire and maintaining and conserving biodiversity on a regional scale in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Effect of lactic acid bacteria preparations on calf fecal flora

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria preparations on microbial diversity and community structure of calves. On days 1 and 7 of the trial period, feces were collected into sterile tubes and labeled (Day 1: control group D1DZ, experimental group D1SY, and Day 7: control group D7DZ, experimental group D7SY). Twenty Angus calves (150±10 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 10 calves each. The control group fed a basal diet. In addition to feeding the basal diet, the experimental group was given 15 mL lactobacillus preparation orally at 09:00 and 16:00 h every day. Calves were allowed free feeding and drinking water. All other feeding environments and management conditions remained consistent with the experiment lasting for seven days. At the end of the experiment, the fecal microflora of the calves was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. The 16S rRNA analysis data were processed using the Excel 2007 software and analyzed by the IBM SPSS statistical software (Statistical Analysis System, version 22). The Alpha diversity index analysis showed that the Chao and the Ace indices were significantly different after feeding supplemented with lactic acid bacteria. The PCA analysis showed that the fecal flora structure differed significantly after supplementation with the lactic acid bacteria preparation. Further analysis showed that the lactic acid bacteria increased Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in the feces. Therefore, we speculate that lactic acid bacteria preparations play an important role in animal production and are beneficial to the diversity of the fecal microflora of the calves.

Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that parasite-infected prey is more vulnerable to predation. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is obscure. In small mammals, analgesia induced by environmental stressors is a fundamental component of the defensive repertoire, promoting defensive responses. Thus, the reduced analgesia may impair the defensive ability of prey and increase their predation risk. This study aimed to determine whether coccidia infection increases the vulnerability to predation in root voles, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776), by decreased analgesia. Herein, a predator stimulus and parasitic infection were simulated in the laboratory via a two-level factorial experiment, then, the vole nociceptive responses to an aversive thermal stimulus were evaluated. Further, a field experiment was performed to determine the overwinter survival of voles with different nociceptive responses via repeated live trapping. The coccidia-infected voles demonstrated reduced predator-induced analgesia following exposure to predator odor. Meanwhile, pain-sensitive voles had lower overwinter survival than pain-inhibited voles in enclosed populations throughout the duration of the experiment. Our findings suggest that coccidia infection attenuates predator-induced analgesia, resulting in an increased vulnerability to predation.

Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests that parasite-infected prey is more vulnerable to predation. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is obscure. In small mammals, analgesia induced by environmental stressors is a fundamental component of the defensive repertoire, promoting defensive responses. Thus, the reduced analgesia may impair the defensive ability of prey and increase their predation risk. This study aimed to determine whether coccidia infection increases the vulnerability to predation in root voles, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776), by decreased analgesia. Herein, a predator stimulus and parasitic infection were simulated in the laboratory via a two-level factorial experiment, then, the vole nociceptive responses to an aversive thermal stimulus were evaluated. Further, a field experiment was performed to determine the overwinter survival of voles with different nociceptive responses via repeated live trapping. The coccidia-infected voles demonstrated reduced predator-induced analgesia following exposure to predator odor. Meanwhile, pain-sensitive voles had lower overwinter survival than pain-inhibited voles in enclosed populations throughout the duration of the experiment. Our findings suggest that coccidia infection attenuates predator-induced analgesia, resulting in an increased vulnerability to predation.

Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Growing evidence suggests that parasite-infected prey is more vulnerable to predation. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is obscure. In small mammals, analgesia induced by environmental stressors is a fundamental component of the defensive repertoire, promoting defensive responses. Thus, the reduced analgesia may impair the defensive ability of prey and increase their predation risk. This study aimed to determine whether coccidia infection increases the vulnerability to predation in root voles, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776), by decreased analgesia. Herein, a predator stimulus and parasitic infection were simulated in the laboratory via a two-level factorial experiment, then, the vole nociceptive responses to an aversive thermal stimulus were evaluated. Further, a field experiment was performed to determine the overwinter survival of voles with different nociceptive responses via repeated live trapping. The coccidia-infected voles demonstrated reduced predator-induced analgesia following exposure to predator odor. Meanwhile, pain-sensitive voles had lower overwinter survival than pain-inhibited voles in enclosed populations throughout the duration of the experiment. Our findings suggest that coccidia infection attenuates predator-induced analgesia, resulting in an increased vulnerability to predation.(AU)

Genital infection by Aerococcus viridans in a captive african elephant (Loxodonta africana) / Infecção genital por Aerococcus viridans em um elefante africano em cativeiro (Loxodonta africana)

Aerococcus viridans is an emerging pathogen for humans and livestock animals, mainly associated with genitourinary infections cases. Its occurrence in wild mammals has never been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the etiological agent associated with clinical a case of a genital infection in a female African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Phylogenetic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolate were also addressed. The animal presented frequent cases of genital infection with intermittent white secretion. Purulent secretion was sampled and submitted to bacteriological exam. The isolate obtained was thus identified by phenotypic and molecular methods as A. viridans and was found to be similar to human pathogenic isolates in BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis. The isolate was sensitive to almost all antimicrobials evaluated, presenting resistance to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. This is the first report of occurrence of A. viridans infection in the genital tract of an African elephant.(AU)

Aerococcus viridans é um patógeno emergente para seres humanos e animais de produção, principalmente associado a casos de infecções geniturinárias. Sua ocorrência em mamíferos selvagens nunca foi relatada. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o agente etiológico associado a um caso clínico de infecção genital em uma fêmea de elefante africano (Loxodonta africana). Análises filogenéticas e perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana do isolado também foram avaliados. O animal apresentou casos frequentes de infecção genital com eliminação de secreção branca intermitente. A secreção purulenta foi coletada e submetida a exame bacteriológico. O isolado obtido foi identificado por métodos fenotípicos e moleculares como A. viridans e apresentou alta similaridade a isolados humanos patogênicos nas análises de BLASTn e filogenética. O isolado foi sensível a quase todos os antimicrobianos avaliados, apresentando resistência à ciprofloxacina e norfloxacina. Este é o primeiro relato de ocorrência de infecção por A. viridans no trato genital de elefante africano.(AU)

Encalhe de peixe-boi-marinho-das-Antilhas (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) na praia de Panaquatira, Maranhão, Brasil / Record of a stranded Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) at Panaquatira Beach, Maranhão, Brazil

O peixe-boi-marinho-das-Antilhas (Trichechus manatus manatus) apresenta distribuição geográfica que se estende por todo o Caribe e Américas Central e do Sul. No Brasil, a espécie é considerada ameaçada de extinção devido, sobretudo, a fatores antrópicos, como emalhes em rede de pesca, perda de habitat devido à ocupação desordenada do litoral e uso inadequado das áreas marinhas e estuarinas. Neste artigo, relatamos o encalhe e morte de um espécime de peixe-boi-marinho-das-Antilhas no litoral maranhense. Por meio de procedimentos morfométricos, constatou-se ser um animal do sexo masculino medindo 3,14 m de comprimento por 2,30 m de circunferência em sua região corporal de maior largura. Em seu corpo não foi encontrado nenhum corte, perfuração ou marcas de emalhamento em redes de pesca, sugerindo inicialmente a não ocorrência de uma interação antrópica direta. A realização de inventários que possam estimar a abundância e a densidade de suas populações, bem como o monitoramento dos encalhes de animais vivos ou mortos são fundamentais para subsidiar ações de manejo e garantir a preservação da espécie no litoral maranhense.

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) is distributed throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America. In Brazil, it is considered threatened of extinction mainly due to anthropogenic factors such as incidental captures in fishing net, habitat loss due to disordered occupation of the coast and inappropriate use of marine and estuarine areas. In this article we report the stranding of a specimen of Antillean manatee in the coast of Maranhão. Through morphometric procedures it was found to be a male animal measuring 3.14 m in length and 2.30 m in circumference in its widest body region. No injury, perforation or entanglement marks were found in his body, initially suggesting that no direct anthropic interaction occurred. The carrying out of inventories that can estimate the abundance and density of their populations, as well as the monitoring of stranding of live or dead animals are fundamental to support management actions and ensure the preservation of the species along the coast of Maranhão.

Piotórax em peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus) no Brasil / Pyothorax in Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Brazil

Background: Manatees are the most endangered aquatic mammals in Brazil. The current conservation scenario, together with their biological characteristics, raises concern with the future of this species. Pyothorax, also known as septic pleural effusion or pleural empyema, is characterized by the accumulation of a septic purulent exudate within the pleural space. Although this infection often has a multifactorial etiology, it is most commonly associated with respiratory tract disorders and trauma. Here, we report a case of pyothorax in a Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) held in captivity for acclimatization in Brazil. Case: A young, male Antillean manatee, aged 4 years and 11 months, measuring 227 cm in total length, and weighing 258 kg was held in captivity for acclimatization (natural environment) in Porto de Pedras in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The animal died in February 2013 and was sent for necropsy at the CMA/ICMBio laboratory. The study was developed with authorisation from the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (License number 020/2009) and under the license SISBIO/ ICMBio number 20685-1. Externally, the carcass of the animal showed swelling and bulging of the right antimere and purulent secretion from the right nostril. After external examination, a window was opened in the layers of skin, fat, and muscles from the level of the anus to the navel. Subsequently, the abdominal cavity was opened for inspecting the internal organs. The subcutaneous muscles had a slightly friable, swollen, and pale texture, in addition to petechial hemorrhage, suffusions, and marked edema of the subcutaneous tissue. The right hemidiaphragm was elevated, filling the abdominal and thoracic spaces. Depending on the elevation, all organs were moved to...

Piotórax em peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus) no Brasil / Pyothorax in Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Brazil

Background: Manatees are the most endangered aquatic mammals in Brazil. The current conservation scenario, together with their biological characteristics, raises concern with the future of this species. Pyothorax, also known as septic pleural effusion or pleural empyema, is characterized by the accumulation of a septic purulent exudate within the pleural space. Although this infection often has a multifactorial etiology, it is most commonly associated with respiratory tract disorders and trauma. Here, we report a case of pyothorax in a Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) held in captivity for acclimatization in Brazil. Case: A young, male Antillean manatee, aged 4 years and 11 months, measuring 227 cm in total length, and weighing 258 kg was held in captivity for acclimatization (natural environment) in Porto de Pedras in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The animal died in February 2013 and was sent for necropsy at the CMA/ICMBio laboratory. The study was developed with authorisation from the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (License number 020/2009) and under the license SISBIO/ ICMBio number 20685-1. Externally, the carcass of the animal showed swelling and bulging of the right antimere and purulent secretion from the right nostril. After external examination, a window was opened in the layers of skin, fat, and muscles from the level of the anus to the navel. Subsequently, the abdominal cavity was opened for inspecting the internal organs. The subcutaneous muscles had a slightly friable, swollen, and pale texture, in addition to petechial hemorrhage, suffusions, and marked edema of the subcutaneous tissue. The right hemidiaphragm was elevated, filling the abdominal and thoracic spaces. Depending on the elevation, all organs were moved to...(AU)

Encalhe de peixe-boi-marinho-das-Antilhas (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) na praia de Panaquatira, Maranhão, Brasil / Record of a stranded Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) at Panaquatira Beach, Maranhão, Brazil

O peixe-boi-marinho-das-Antilhas (Trichechus manatus manatus) apresenta distribuição geográfica que se estende por todo o Caribe e Américas Central e do Sul. No Brasil, a espécie é considerada ameaçada de extinção devido, sobretudo, a fatores antrópicos, como emalhes em rede de pesca, perda de habitat devido à ocupação desordenada do litoral e uso inadequado das áreas marinhas e estuarinas. Neste artigo, relatamos o encalhe e morte de um espécime de peixe-boi-marinho-das-Antilhas no litoral maranhense. Por meio de procedimentos morfométricos, constatou-se ser um animal do sexo masculino medindo 3,14 m de comprimento por 2,30 m de circunferência em sua região corporal de maior largura. Em seu corpo não foi encontrado nenhum corte, perfuração ou marcas de emalhamento em redes de pesca, sugerindo inicialmente a não ocorrência de uma interação antrópica direta. A realização de inventários que possam estimar a abundância e a densidade de suas populações, bem como o monitoramento dos encalhes de animais vivos ou mortos são fundamentais para subsidiar ações de manejo e garantir a preservação da espécie no litoral maranhense.(AU)

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) is distributed throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America. In Brazil, it is considered threatened of extinction mainly due to anthropogenic factors such as incidental captures in fishing net, habitat loss due to disordered occupation of the coast and inappropriate use of marine and estuarine areas. In this article we report the stranding of a specimen of Antillean manatee in the coast of Maranhão. Through morphometric procedures it was found to be a male animal measuring 3.14 m in length and 2.30 m in circumference in its widest body region. No injury, perforation or entanglement marks were found in his body, initially suggesting that no direct anthropic interaction occurred. The carrying out of inventories that can estimate the abundance and density of their populations, as well as the monitoring of stranding of live or dead animals are fundamental to support management actions and ensure the preservation of the species along the coast of Maranhão.(AU)

Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) affinis (Jägerskiöl, 1904) (Nematoda: Rictulariidae), a parasite of Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Canidae) from the Brazilian Amazon / Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) affinis (Jägerskiöl, 1904) (Nematoda: Rictulariidae), um parasito de Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) (Carnivora: Canidae) da Amazônia brasileira

Among the Nematodes of Cerdocyon thous, the genus Pterygodermatites is characteristic for presenting cuticular projections along the body, being mentioned in different hosts in South America, although there are no records of its occurrence in the Amazon Biome. To enable further exploration in terms of their morphology and morphometry, the nematodes collected from cadavers of C. thous were fixed and observed using bright field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealing characteristics compatible with P. (Multipectines) affinis, thus contributing more information about the geographic distribution of the parasite, as well as knowledge of the helminthological fauna of wild mammals in the Brazilian Amazon.(AU)

Entre os nematodas de Cerdocyon thous, o gênero Pterygodermatites é característico por apresentar projeções cuticulares ao longo do corpo, sendo citado em diferentes hospedeiros na América do Sul, porém, sem registros de sua ocorrência no Bioma Amazônia. Passível de maior exploração quanto à sua morfologia e morfometria, os nematoides colhidos de cadáveres de C. thous foram fixados e observados em microscopia de campo claro e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, revelando características compatíveis com P. (Multipectines) affinis. Com isso contribuiu com mais informações sobre a distribuição geográfica do parasito, bem como o conhecimento da fauna helmintológica de mamíferos selvagens na Amazônia brasileira.(AU)

Toxoplasma gondii in cetaceans of Brazil: a histopathological and immunohistochemical survey / Toxoplasma gondii em cetáceos do Brasil: estudo histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. In cetaceans, T. gondii infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the worldwide range and broad cetacean host record of T. gondii infection, there is limited information on toxoplasmosis in cetaceans from the Southern hemisphere. We investigated the occurrence of T. gondii by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of 185 animals comprising 20 different cetacean species from Brazil. Three out of 185 (1.6%) animals presented T. gondii-associated lesions: a captive killer whale Orcinus orca, a free-ranging common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and a free-ranging Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis. The main lesions observed in these animals were necrotizing hepatitis, adrenalitis and lymphadenitis associated with protozoal cysts or extracellular tachyzoites presenting immunolabeling with anti-T. gondii antibodies. This study widens the spectrum of species and the geographic range of this agent in Brazil, and provides the first reports of T. gondii infection in a captive killer whale and in a free-ranging common bottlenose dolphin in South America.(AU)

Toxoplasmose é uma doença parasitária causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii. A infecção por T. gondii é uma causa significativa de morbidade e mortalidade, nos cetáceos. Apesar da abrangência mundial e amplo registro de espécies de cetáceos infectadas por T. gondii, informações sobre toxoplasmose em cetáceos do hemisfério sul são limitadas. Neste estudo pesquisou-se por meio de histopatologia e imuno-histoquímica a ocorrência de T. gondii em amostras de tecido de 185 animais, compreendendo 20 diferentes espécies de cetáceos que ocorrem no Brasil. Três dos 185 (1,6%) animais apresentaram lesões associadas a T. gondii: uma orca Orcinus orca mantida em cativeiro, um golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa Tursiops truncatus e um boto-cinza Sotalia guianensis de vida livre. As principais lesões observadas nesses animais foram hepatite, adrenalite e linfadenite necrotizantes associadas a cistos protozoários ou taquizoítos extracelulares, marcados com anticorpos anti-T. gondii. O presente estudo amplia o espectro de espécies susceptíveis a esse agente e o seu alcance geográfico no Brasil, fornecendo o primeiro relato da infecção por T. gondii em uma orca mantida em cativeiro e em um golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa de vida livre na América do Sul.(AU)

Gross anatomy and vascularization of the brain of pacarana (Dinomys branickii)

Background: The pacarana lives in South America and has herbivorous and nocturnal habits. It is a rare species with scarce data concerning its morphology and adding more data is important in establishing its vulnerability. The aim was to describe its macroscopic brain anatomy, as well as the brain vascularization.Materials, Methods & Results: Two specimens were available for this study, that were donated post-mortem. The animals were injected with latex and fixed with 10% formaldehyde. Upon exposure and removal of the brain its main features were described. The rhinal fissure is single and the lateral sulcus arises from its caudal part. There are two sagittal sulci, an extensive medial sulcus and a short lateral sulcus. The piriform lobe is vermiform and the rostral part is smaller. The caudal colliculus is larger than the rostral colliculus and they are separated by a sulcus. The cerebellum has oval shape and the flocculus lobe is not conspicuous. The cerebral arterial circle was analyzed and described. The brain is supplied by the vertebrobasilar system only. The cerebral arterial circle is formed by the terminal branch of the basilar artery, the caudal communicating artery, the rostral cerebral artery and the rostral communicating artery. The caudal and middle cerebellar arteries are branches of the basilar artery. The terminal branch of the basilar artery originates the rostral cerebellar artery and the caudal cerebral artery. From the end of the caudal communicating artery and the beginning of the rostral cerebral artery arises the middle cerebral artery.[...]

Gross anatomy and vascularization of the brain of pacarana (Dinomys branickii)

Background: The pacarana lives in South America and has herbivorous and nocturnal habits. It is a rare species with scarce data concerning its morphology and adding more data is important in establishing its vulnerability. The aim was to describe its macroscopic brain anatomy, as well as the brain vascularization.Materials, Methods & Results: Two specimens were available for this study, that were donated post-mortem. The animals were injected with latex and fixed with 10% formaldehyde. Upon exposure and removal of the brain its main features were described. The rhinal fissure is single and the lateral sulcus arises from its caudal part. There are two sagittal sulci, an extensive medial sulcus and a short lateral sulcus. The piriform lobe is vermiform and the rostral part is smaller. The caudal colliculus is larger than the rostral colliculus and they are separated by a sulcus. The cerebellum has oval shape and the flocculus lobe is not conspicuous. The cerebral arterial circle was analyzed and described. The brain is supplied by the vertebrobasilar system only. The cerebral arterial circle is formed by the terminal branch of the basilar artery, the caudal communicating artery, the rostral cerebral artery and the rostral communicating artery. The caudal and middle cerebellar arteries are branches of the basilar artery. The terminal branch of the basilar artery originates the rostral cerebellar artery and the caudal cerebral artery. From the end of the caudal communicating artery and the beginning of the rostral cerebral artery arises the middle cerebral artery.[...](AU)

Nematode capilaridae in the tongue of Cerdocyon thous of free life in Brazil / Nematoide capilaridae na língua de Cerdocyon thous de vida livre no Brasil

Studies of helminths in road-killed wild animals are still uncommon but may provide promising results since they can identify the parasites in juvenile and adult hosts and meet the recommendations of current discussions on bioethics that prioritize alternative methods for the use of animals. This study evaluated three Cerdocyon thous individuals that were donated after dying from being run over. Two of them had small nematode adults in the epithelial and connective tissues of the tongue. The diagnosis was based on the presence of eggs, observed in histological sections, and morphological characteristics of the nematodes in the tongue. Morphologically, this nematode has a body with transverse grooves, simple mouth opening and no lips, esophagus and stichosome with stichocytes and bacillary bands along the body, which is characteristic morphology of the family Capilariidae and genus Capillaria . The presence of this nematode in the tongue of C. thous is an extremely important fact that contributes to what is known about the biodiversity of zoonotic parasites in wild canid populations. However, an explanation for these findings remains unclear because, until now, this has not been observed in the biological cycle of the species.(AU)

O estudo de helmintos de animais selvagens vitimados por atropelamento, ainda é uma prática pouco comum, porém pode ser promissor, uma vez que permite a identificação de helmintos a partir de hospedeiros juvenis e adultos, e atendem às atuais discussões em bioética, as quais priorizam métodos alternativos para o uso de animais. Foram avaliados 3 exemplares de Cerdocyon thous provenientes de doação pós-óbito por atropelamento. Dois deles apresentaram pequenos nematoides adultos inseridos nos tecidos epitelial e conjuntivo da língua. O diagnóstico foi baseado na análise de cortes histológicos que evidenciaram a presença de ovos no interior do nematoide e nas características morfológicas gerais do mesmo. Morfologicamente estes nematoides apresentavam corpo com estrias transversais, abertura bucal simples e lábios ausentes, esôfago trichuroiude com a presença de esticócitos e bandas bacilares ao longo do corpo, característica morfologicamente sugestiva da família Capillariidae e do gênero Capillaria . A presença de nematoides inseridos na língua de C. thous é um fato de extrema importância para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de parasitos zoonóticos circulantes presentes em populações selvagens de canídeos. Porém, permanece obscura a explicação para tais achados, uma vez que tal evento não foi observado no ciclo biológico das espécies até o momento.(AU)

Effects of roads on the vertebrates diversity of the Indigenous Territory Paresi and its surrounding / Efeitos das rodovias MT 235 e 358 sob a diversidade de vertebrados nosudoeste de Mato Grosso

Roadkill impact is still underestimated due to the lack of knowledge of its intensity and effect on animal populations. To assess differences between animal roadkills on roads in distinct landscapes, this study recorded meso- and megavertebrate roadkills along 50 km during a year in two highways in the transitional area of Amazonia/Cerrado in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso: MT-358 and MT-235, the latter crossing the Paresi Indigenous Land. We assessed roadkill rates and points with higher rates of roadkills, recording the most impacted species, seasonal effects, biomass loss, activity period of species, and traffic volume. We recorded 178 roadkills in 4,950 km travelled, a rate of 0.035 animal/km-travelled. Mammals were the most impacted with 135 roadkills (75.8%), followed by reptiles (6.2%), amphibians (5.6%) and birds (5.1%). Among mammals 51.1% were Carnivora, and the most impacted species was Cerdocyon thous (n = 42). On highway MT-358 (human-modified landscape), we recorded 155 roadkilled mammals, and the most impacted were C. thous (23.9%) and Euphractus sexcinctus (13.5%). Whilst on highway MT-235 (Paresi Indigenous Land), we recorded 23 roadkilled mammals, and the most impacted were Myrmecophaga tridactyla (26.1%) and C. thous (21.7%). The low roadkill rate in the Paresi Indigenous Land might be related to the presence of fauna pathways along the highway and the availability of a forested landscape.(AU)

O impacto de atropelamentos por veículos sobre populações animais ainda é subestimado devido ao pouco conhecimento existente sobre sua intensidade e seus efeitos. Para avaliar diferenças entre atropelamentos de animais em rodovias inseridas em paisagens distintas, este trabalho registrou atropelamentos de meso e mega vertebrados em trechos de 50 km durante um ano em duas rodovias na região de transição Amazônia/Cerrado em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso: MT-358 e MT-235, sendo que a segunda cruza a Terra Indígena Paresi. Avaliamos as taxas de atropelamento e os locais de maior intensidade, registrando as espécies mais impactadas. Avaliamos efeitos de sazonalidade, perda de biomassa, horário de atividade das espécies e horário de maior fluxo de veículos. Foram 178 animais atropelados em 4.950 km percorridos, com 33 espécies (15 ordens), totalizando 0,035 animais/km-percorrido. Os mamíferos foram os mais atingidos com 135 atropelamentos (75,8%), seguidos por répteis (6,2%), anfíbios (5,6%) e aves (5,1%). Entre os mamíferos atropelados 51,1% pertencem à ordem carnívora, e a espécie mais atropelada foi Cerdocyon thous (n = 42). Na rodovia MT-358 (antropizada) foram registrados 155 atropelamentos de mamíferos, sendo que C. thous (23,9%) e Euphractus sexcinctus (13,5%) foram os mais atropelados. Enquanto na rodovia MT-235 foram registrados 23 atropelamentos sendo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (26.1%) e C. thous (21,7%) as espécies mais afetadas. Observamos menor taxa de atropelamentos dentro da Terra Indígena Paresi, possivelmente devido a presença de passagens para fauna ao longo da rodovia e maior quantidade de áreas florestadas.(AU)

Effects of roads on the vertebrates diversity of the Indigenous Territory Paresi and its surrounding

Abstract Roadkill impact is still underestimated due to the lack of knowledge of its intensity and effect on animal populations. To assess differences between animal roadkills on roads in distinct landscapes, this study recorded meso- and megavertebrate roadkills along 50 km during a year in two highways in the transitional area of Amazonia/Cerrado in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso: MT-358 and MT-235, the latter crossing the Paresi Indigenous Land. We assessed roadkill rates and points with higher rates of roadkills, recording the most impacted species, seasonal effects, biomass loss, activity period of species, and traffic volume. We recorded 178 roadkills in 4,950 km travelled, a rate of 0.035 animal/km-travelled. Mammals were the most impacted with 135 roadkills (75.8%), followed by reptiles (6.2%), amphibians (5.6%) and birds (5.1%). Among mammals 51.1% were Carnivora, and the most impacted species was Cerdocyon thous (n = 42). On highway MT-358 (human-modified landscape), we recorded 155 roadkilled mammals, and the most impacted were C. thous (23.9%) and Euphractus sexcinctus (13.5%). Whilst on highway MT-235 (Paresi Indigenous Land), we recorded 23 roadkilled mammals, and the most impacted were Myrmecophaga tridactyla (26.1%) and C. thous (21.7%). The low roadkill rate in the Paresi Indigenous Land might be related to the presence of fauna pathways along the highway and the availability of a forested landscape.

Resumo O impacto de atropelamentos por veículos sobre populações animais ainda é subestimado devido ao pouco conhecimento existente sobre sua intensidade e seus efeitos. Para avaliar diferenças entre atropelamentos de animais em rodovias inseridas em paisagens distintas, este trabalho registrou atropelamentos de meso e mega vertebrados em trechos de 50 km durante um ano em duas rodovias na região de transição Amazônia/Cerrado em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso: MT-358 e MT-235, sendo que a segunda cruza a Terra Indígena Paresi. Avaliamos as taxas de atropelamento e os locais de maior intensidade, registrando as espécies mais impactadas. Avaliamos efeitos de sazonalidade, perda de biomassa, horário de atividade das espécies e horário de maior fluxo de veículos. Foram 178 animais atropelados em 4.950 km percorridos, com 33 espécies (15 ordens), totalizando 0,035 animais/km-percorrido. Os mamíferos foram os mais atingidos com 135 atropelamentos (75,8%), seguidos por répteis (6,2%), anfíbios (5,6%) e aves (5,1%). Entre os mamíferos atropelados 51,1% pertencem à ordem carnívora, e a espécie mais atropelada foi Cerdocyon thous (n = 42). Na rodovia MT-358 (antropizada) foram registrados 155 atropelamentos de mamíferos, sendo que C. thous (23,9%) e Euphractus sexcinctus (13,5%) foram os mais atropelados. Enquanto na rodovia MT-235 foram registrados 23 atropelamentos sendo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (26.1%) e C. thous (21,7%) as espécies mais afetadas. Observamos menor taxa de atropelamentos dentro da Terra Indígena Paresi, possivelmente devido a presença de passagens para fauna ao longo da rodovia e maior quantidade de áreas florestadas.

Effects of roads on the vertebrates diversity of the Indigenous Territory Paresi and its surrounding

Abstract Roadkill impact is still underestimated due to the lack of knowledge of its intensity and effect on animal populations. To assess differences between animal roadkills on roads in distinct landscapes, this study recorded meso- and megavertebrate roadkills along 50 km during a year in two highways in the transitional area of Amazonia/Cerrado in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso: MT-358 and MT-235, the latter crossing the Paresi Indigenous Land. We assessed roadkill rates and points with higher rates of roadkills, recording the most impacted species, seasonal effects, biomass loss, activity period of species, and traffic volume. We recorded 178 roadkills in 4,950 km travelled, a rate of 0.035 animal/km-travelled. Mammals were the most impacted with 135 roadkills (75.8%), followed by reptiles (6.2%), amphibians (5.6%) and birds (5.1%). Among mammals 51.1% were Carnivora, and the most impacted species was Cerdocyon thous (n = 42). On highway MT-358 (human-modified landscape), we recorded 155 roadkilled mammals, and the most impacted were C. thous (23.9%) and Euphractus sexcinctus (13.5%). Whilst on highway MT-235 (Paresi Indigenous Land), we recorded 23 roadkilled mammals, and the most impacted were Myrmecophaga tridactyla (26.1%) and C. thous (21.7%). The low roadkill rate in the Paresi Indigenous Land might be related to the presence of fauna pathways along the highway and the availability of a forested landscape.

Resumo O impacto de atropelamentos por veículos sobre populações animais ainda é subestimado devido ao pouco conhecimento existente sobre sua intensidade e seus efeitos. Para avaliar diferenças entre atropelamentos de animais em rodovias inseridas em paisagens distintas, este trabalho registrou atropelamentos de meso e mega vertebrados em trechos de 50 km durante um ano em duas rodovias na região de transição Amazônia/Cerrado em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso: MT-358 e MT-235, sendo que a segunda cruza a Terra Indígena Paresi. Avaliamos as taxas de atropelamento e os locais de maior intensidade, registrando as espécies mais impactadas. Avaliamos efeitos de sazonalidade, perda de biomassa, horário de atividade das espécies e horário de maior fluxo de veículos. Foram 178 animais atropelados em 4.950 km percorridos, com 33 espécies (15 ordens), totalizando 0,035 animais/km-percorrido. Os mamíferos foram os mais atingidos com 135 atropelamentos (75,8%), seguidos por répteis (6,2%), anfíbios (5,6%) e aves (5,1%). Entre os mamíferos atropelados 51,1% pertencem à ordem carnívora, e a espécie mais atropelada foi Cerdocyon thous (n = 42). Na rodovia MT-358 (antropizada) foram registrados 155 atropelamentos de mamíferos, sendo que C. thous (23,9%) e Euphractus sexcinctus (13,5%) foram os mais atropelados. Enquanto na rodovia MT-235 foram registrados 23 atropelamentos sendo Myrmecophaga tridactyla (26.1%) e C. thous (21,7%) as espécies mais afetadas. Observamos menor taxa de atropelamentos dentro da Terra Indígena Paresi, possivelmente devido a presença de passagens para fauna ao longo da rodovia e maior quantidade de áreas florestadas.

Temporal differences in breeding site use between tits and mice

Describing the interactions among cavity breeders is key to understanding their breeding ecology. In this study the temporal difference in cavity use between the great tit, Parus major (Linnaeus, 1758) and the small Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus (Temminck, 1845) is investigated, as a first step for clarifying the interaction between bird and mammal cavity breeders. Forty-seven nest boxes were installed on tree trunks in two urban forests of Hokkaido Island, Japan, and the breeding nests of tits and mice were found in 34 and 11 boxes, respectively. The tits used the nest boxes throughout the breeding season, from May to July. In contrast, mice breeding nests were found in the last half of the breeding season, from July to October. Our results showed that field mice rarely used boxes during the tits’ breeding season. This study provides important information, such as temporal differences in breeding site use between tits and mice.

Temporal differences in breeding site use between tits and mice

Describing the interactions among cavity breeders is key to understanding their breeding ecology. In this study the temporal difference in cavity use between the great tit, Parus major (Linnaeus, 1758) and the small Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus (Temminck, 1845) is investigated, as a first step for clarifying the interaction between bird and mammal cavity breeders. Forty-seven nest boxes were installed on tree trunks in two urban forests of Hokkaido Island, Japan, and the breeding nests of tits and mice were found in 34 and 11 boxes, respectively. The tits used the nest boxes throughout the breeding season, from May to July. In contrast, mice breeding nests were found in the last half of the breeding season, from July to October. Our results showed that field mice rarely used boxes during the tits breeding season. This study provides important information, such as temporal differences in breeding site use between tits and mice.(AU)