Carcinoma de células escamosas em equinos: relato de caso / Squamous cell carcinoma in horses - case report

O presente trabalho relata o caso de uma égua de pelagem pampa, manga-larga, com 10 anos de idade, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Vicente Borelli, da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, São João da Boa Vista, SP, apresentando lesão circular e ulcerada em região do músculo semi-membranoso direito próximo à vulva, diagnosticada como carcinoma de células escamosas. O carcinoma de células escamosas ou carcinoma epidermoide é uma neoplasia cutânea cada vez mais comum na rotina clínica equina. Trata-se de um tumor maligno dos queratinócitos que acomete áreas despigmentadas, da pele ou com rarefação pilosa, devido à maior exposição solar. O animal foi submetido a tratamento com crioterapia, com remissão da neoplasia, confirmada no exame histopatológico.

The present work aimed to report the case a tobiano mare manga-larga breed, 10 years of age, attended at Hospital Veterinário Vicente Borelli, Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, São João da Boa Vista SP, presenting circular and ulcerated lesions in semi-membranous muscle area, near to the vulva, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma is an increasingly common skin neoplasm in equine clinical routine, being a malignant tumor of keratinocytes undedepigmented areas of the skin or with few hairs due to greater sun exposure. The animal underwent cryotherapy treatament, with neoplasm remission, confirmed by histopathological examination.

Carcinoma de células escamosas em equinos: relato de caso / Squamous cell carcinoma in horses - case report

O presente trabalho relata o caso de uma égua de pelagem pampa, manga-larga, com 10 anos de idade, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Vicente Borelli, da Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, São João da Boa Vista, SP, apresentando lesão circular e ulcerada em região do músculo semi-membranoso direito próximo à vulva, diagnosticada como carcinoma de células escamosas. O carcinoma de células escamosas ou carcinoma epidermoide é uma neoplasia cutânea cada vez mais comum na rotina clínica equina. Trata-se de um tumor maligno dos queratinócitos que acomete áreas despigmentadas, da pele ou com rarefação pilosa, devido à maior exposição solar. O animal foi submetido a tratamento com crioterapia, com remissão da neoplasia, confirmada no exame histopatológico.(AU)

The present work aimed to report the case a tobiano mare manga-larga breed, 10 years of age, attended at Hospital Veterinário Vicente Borelli, Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, São João da Boa Vista SP, presenting circular and ulcerated lesions in semi-membranous muscle area, near to the vulva, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma is an increasingly common skin neoplasm in equine clinical routine, being a malignant tumor of keratinocytes undedepigmented areas of the skin or with few hairs due to greater sun exposure. The animal underwent cryotherapy treatament, with neoplasm remission, confirmed by histopathological examination.(AU)

Centesimal composition and meat yield of Hoplias malabaricus: association with intestinal parasites / Composição centesimal e rendimento da carne de Hoplias malabaricus: associação com parasitos intestinais

Hoplias malabaricus is a non-migratory fish commonly found in the Mogi Guaçu River basin, mainly feeding on fish, small crustaceans and insects. It forms part of the diet for humans, birds and some mammals. This fish has great nutritional value, with both good quality and good quantities of essential vitamins and amino acids. Regarding parasitic fauna, this fish can host different species of helminths in its gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interference of parasitism in the meat yield from H. malabaricus and the centesimal composition. For this purpose, fish specimens were collected from marginal lagoons of the Mogi Guaçu River (Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil) using hooks and fishing nets. We found that all specimens of H. malabaricus were parasitized by at least one species, including larvae of Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Parasitism did not have any significant influence on centesimal composition, but meat yield was negatively correlated with the abundance of larvae.(AU)

Hoplias malabaricus é um peixe comumente encontrado na bacia do rio Mogi Guaçu. Não realiza migração e alimenta-se de peixes, pequenos crustáceos e insetos. Faz parte da dieta de seres humanos, aves e outros mamíferos piscívoros. Apresenta grande valor nutricional em relação à quantidade e à qualidade de vitaminas e aminoácidos essenciais. Em relação à fauna parasitária, este peixe pode albergar diferentes espécies de helmintos em seu trato gastrointestinal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eventual interferência do parasitismo no rendimento e na composição centesimal da carne do pescado de H. malabaricus. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas por um ano, em lagoas marginais do rio Mogi Guaçu, Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando-se anzol e rede de espera. Como resultado, todos os exemplares de H. malabaricus estavam parasitados por, pelo menos, uma espécie de parasita, prevalecendo larvas de Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae). O parasitismo não afetou a composição centesimal da carne do peixe, mas foi encontrada uma correlação negativa forte entre o rendimento da carne e o número de larvas de parasitos.(AU)

Relationships between residual feed intake and feedlot performance, profitability, and carcass traits in Brahman cattle / Relações entre consumo alimentar residual e desempenho em confinamento, lucratividade e características de carcaça de bovinos da raça Brahman

The present study aimed to evaluate the feedlot performance, profitability and carcass traits of Brahman bulls classified according to the residual feed intake (RFI). Twenty-four bulls (19-month old, 370±34kg live weight) were housed in individual pens for 54 days and had the daily feed intake (observed dry matter intake, DMIobs; DMI % live weight, LW) and average daily gain (ADG) measured. Ultrasound carcass evaluations were performed at the initial and final weighings, when measurements were taken of Longissimus dorsi area, ratio, Longissimus and Biceps femoris fat thickness. The animals were ranked and divided into high (>+0.5 standard deviation; SD), medium (between ±0.5 SD from the mean), and low (<-0.5 SD) RFI groups. Low-RFI animals had lower DMIobs (P<0.10) and DMI % LW (P<0.05). No significant differences in initial and final weight or ADG were noticed (P>0.05). Low-RFI animals showed lower weight gain cost and higher daily profit (P<0.05). Carcass traits were similar between groups, regardless of evaluation date (P>0.05). Selection for RFI lead to animals with lower feed intake without affecting weight gain or carcass traits, thereby providing increased profitability for beef cattle farming.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, o lucro e as características de carcaça de tourinhos Brahman classificados de acordo com o consumo alimentar residual (CAR). Vinte e quatro tourinhos (19 meses de idade e 370±34kg de peso vivo) foram alojados em baias individuais por 54 dias para avaliação do consumo de alimentos (CMSobs; CMS % peso vivo, PV) e ganho de peso diário (GMD). Avaliações de carcaça por ultrassonografia foram realizadas nas pesagens inicial e final, com mensurações da área do Longissimus dorsi, ratio, espessura de gordura sobre o Longissimus e sobre o Biceps femoris. Os animais foram ranqueados e divididos em grupos de alto (>+0,5 desvio-padrão; DP), médio (entre ±0,5 DP da média) e baixo (<-0,5 DP) CAR. Animais de baixo CAR apresentaram menor CMSobs (P<0,10) e menor CMS % PV (P<0,05). Não houve diferença nos pesos inicial e final e GMD (P>0,05). Animais de baixo CAR apresentaram menor custo do ganho de peso e maior lucro diário (P<0,05). As características de carcaça foram semelhantes entre os grupos independentemente da data de avaliação (P>0,05). A seleção para CAR leva a animais de menor consumo, sem afetar o ganho de peso e as características de carcaça, fornecendo maior lucro para a atividade pecuária.(AU)

Relationships between residual feed intake and feedlot performance, profitability, and carcass traits in Brahman cattle / Relações entre consumo alimentar residual e desempenho em confinamento, lucratividade e características de carcaça de bovinos da raça Brahman

The present study aimed to evaluate the feedlot performance, profitability and carcass traits of Brahman bulls classified according to the residual feed intake (RFI). Twenty-four bulls (19-month old, 370±34kg live weight) were housed in individual pens for 54 days and had the daily feed intake (observed dry matter intake, DMIobs; DMI % live weight, LW) and average daily gain (ADG) measured. Ultrasound carcass evaluations were performed at the initial and final weighings, when measurements were taken of Longissimus dorsi area, ratio, Longissimus and Biceps femoris fat thickness. The animals were ranked and divided into high (>+0.5 standard deviation; SD), medium (between ±0.5 SD from the mean), and low (<-0.5 SD) RFI groups. Low-RFI animals had lower DMIobs (P<0.10) and DMI % LW (P<0.05). No significant differences in initial and final weight or ADG were noticed (P>0.05). Low-RFI animals showed lower weight gain cost and higher daily profit (P<0.05). Carcass traits were similar between groups, regardless of evaluation date (P>0.05). Selection for RFI lead to animals with lower feed intake without affecting weight gain or carcass traits, thereby providing increased profitability for beef cattle farming.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, o lucro e as características de carcaça de tourinhos Brahman classificados de acordo com o consumo alimentar residual (CAR). Vinte e quatro tourinhos (19 meses de idade e 370±34kg de peso vivo) foram alojados em baias individuais por 54 dias para avaliação do consumo de alimentos (CMSobs; CMS % peso vivo, PV) e ganho de peso diário (GMD). Avaliações de carcaça por ultrassonografia foram realizadas nas pesagens inicial e final, com mensurações da área do Longissimus dorsi, ratio, espessura de gordura sobre o Longissimus e sobre o Biceps femoris. Os animais foram ranqueados e divididos em grupos de alto (>+0,5 desvio-padrão; DP), médio (entre ±0,5 DP da média) e baixo (<-0,5 DP) CAR. Animais de baixo CAR apresentaram menor CMSobs (P<0,10) e menor CMS % PV (P<0,05). Não houve diferença nos pesos inicial e final e GMD (P>0,05). Animais de baixo CAR apresentaram menor custo do ganho de peso e maior lucro diário (P<0,05). As características de carcaça foram semelhantes entre os grupos independentemente da data de avaliação (P>0,05). A seleção para CAR leva a animais de menor consumo, sem afetar o ganho de peso e as características de carcaça, fornecendo maior lucro para a atividade pecuária.(AU)

Comparative Myology of the Forelimb in Capuchin and Night Monkeys

Background: The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and the night monkey (Aotus azarae infulatus) are primates with broad distribution in South America. Sapajus apella is best-studied species in the genus Cebus, and is commonly found in captivity in parks, zoos, and sorting centers in Brazil. Species in the genus Aotus have a primitive appearance with large eye sockets, and their nocturnal habits are unique among the apes today. Because these two species belong to the same order, they have similar morphological characteristics. In this work, we conduct a comparative study of the forelimb musculature between these two species to produce data for use in veterinary procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Three capuchin monkey and three night monkey specimens were used, two females and one male for each species. Specimens were acquired from the National Center for Primates under approval from the Animal Research (CEPAN/IEC/SVS/MS) No. 008/2010. Specimens were frozen and donated after death by natural causes to the LaPMA (Animal Morphology Research Laboratory) at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). After being thawed in running water, the animals were fixed by intramuscular injection with 10% formaldehyde in aqueous solution and dissected to display thoracic limb muscle groups. Dissections were performed using basic instrumentation by creating a medial incision from t

Osteology of the feeding apparatus of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens and Brown Booby Sula leucogaster (Aves: Suliformes)

In this paper, we describe the skulls of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae) and Brown Booby (Sulidae) Sula leucogaster, with focus on the structures associated with the Musculi mandibulae. We discuss the results in the context of the feeding biology of the two species, which feed mainly on flying fish and squids. Frigatebirds capture prey from just above, or just below, the water surface in flight. The hook-shaped Apex maxillae in F. magnificens can be viewed as an adaptation for grasping prey from near the water surface. Boobies catch prey by plunging; thus, the dorsoventrally flattened skull and conical bill of S. leucogaster may reduce water resistance when it dives, or swims underwater. The bill is long in both species, such that it is on average 70% of the whole skull length in F. magnificens and 60% in S. leucogaster. Consequently, the Mm. mandibulae in the two species are more posteriorly positioned relative to the Apex rostri. This results in low mechanical advantage for the mandible opening-closing lever, indicating adaptations for a fast, rather than a strong, bite. Fast-moving mandibles would be advantageous for mandibulating prey while swallowing. The Fossa musculorum temporalium and the Palatum osseum in both species provide a broad area for origins of the Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (all parts) and the Musculus pterygoideus. The Processus orbitalis quadratiis longer and thicker in F. magnificens than in S. leucogaster, and so is the Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus. We suggest that Mm [...]

Neste trabalho, descrevemos o crânio do tesourão, Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae), e do atobá-pardo, Sula leucogaster (Sulidae), com ênfase nas estruturas associadas com os movimentos de abdução e adução da Maxilla e Mandibula. Tesourões e atobás são aves marinhas tropicais; que, de forma geral, consomem peixes-voadores e lulas. Os tesourões capturam suas presas em pleno voo, logo acima ou abaixo da superfície da água. Dessa forma, em F. magnificens, o Apex maxillae em formato de anzol pode ser considerado como uma adaptação para recolher presas próximas da superfície. Os atobás mergulham verticalmente, ou nadam sob a superfície para capturar suas presas. Em S. leucogaster, o crânio achatado dorso-ventralmente e o bico em formato cônico muito provavelmente contribuem para a redução da resistência da água quando a ave mergulha e/ou persegue suas presas. Em ambas as espécies, o Rostrum é longo se comparado ao comprimento do sincrânio (em média, 70% do comprimento total do sincrânio em F. magnificens e 60% e S. leucogaster); portanto, os Musculi mandibulae estão posicionados mais posteriormente em relação ao Apex rostri. Isso resulta em uma baixa vantagem mecânica do mecanismo de alavanca que promove a abertura e fechamento do bico; assim, provavelmente a velocidade do movimento é favorecida. Nas duas espécies, a Fossa musculorum temporalium e o Palatum osseum compreendem uma área ampla para a origem do Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (todas as partes) e do M. pterygoideus. O Processus orbitalis quadrati é mais longo e robusto em F. magnificens do que em S. leucogaster; e, sendo assim, o Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus provavelmente é mais desenvolvido naquela espécie. Sugerimos que os Mm. adductores mandibulae são bem desenvolvidos nas duas espécies; e, com isso, a Maxilla e a Mandibula também são capazes de uma adução forte. Em tesourões e atobás, há um mecanismos que contribue para a proteção da Mandibula e [...]

Miologia comparada do membro torácico de macaco-prego e macaco-da-noite / Comparative myology of the forelimb in capuchin and night monkeys

Background: The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and the night monkey (Aotus azarae infulatus) are primates with broad distribution in South America. Sapajus apella is best-studied species in the genus Cebus, and is commonly found in captivity in parks, zoos, and sorting centers in Brazil. Species in the genus Aotus have a primitive appearance with large eye sockets, and their nocturnal habits are unique among the apes today. Because these two species belong to the same order, they have similar morphological characteristics. In this work, we conduct a comparative study of the forelimb musculature between these two species to produce data for use in veterinary procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Three capuchin monkey and three night monkey specimens were used, two females and one male for each species. Specimens were acquired from the National Center for Primates under approval from the Animal Research (CEPAN/IEC/SVS/MS) No. 008/2010. Specimens were frozen and donated after death by natural causes to the LaPMA (Animal Morphology Research Laboratory) at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). After being thawed in running water, the animals were fixed by intramuscular injection with 10% formaldehyde in aqueous solution and dissected to display thoracic limb muscle groups. Dissections were performed using basic instrumentation by creating a medial incision from the carpal region to the axillary region. After incision, the skin was folded and muscles were separated in order to identify muscle groups. The nomenclature adopted was based on the veterinary anatomy, and books about human anatomy for comparison of forearm muscles. The muscles that compound the shoulder was the supraspinal and infra-spinal. The arm was composed by the teres major and minor, the triceps brachii (long head, lateral head, and medial head), brachialis, biceps brachii, tensor muscle of the antebrachial fascia, coracobrachialis, and anconeous.[...]

Osteology of the feeding apparatus of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens and Brown Booby Sula leucogaster (Aves: Suliformes)

In this paper, we describe the skulls of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae) and Brown Booby (Sulidae) Sula leucogaster, with focus on the structures associated with the Musculi mandibulae. We discuss the results in the context of the feeding biology of the two species, which feed mainly on flying fish and squids. Frigatebirds capture prey from just above, or just below, the water surface in flight. The hook-shaped Apex maxillae in F. magnificens can be viewed as an adaptation for grasping prey from near the water surface. Boobies catch prey by plunging; thus, the dorsoventrally flattened skull and conical bill of S. leucogaster may reduce water resistance when it dives, or swims underwater. The bill is long in both species, such that it is on average 70% of the whole skull length in F. magnificens and 60% in S. leucogaster. Consequently, the Mm. mandibulae in the two species are more posteriorly positioned relative to the Apex rostri. This results in low mechanical advantage for the mandible opening-closing lever, indicating adaptations for a fast, rather than a strong, bite. Fast-moving mandibles would be advantageous for mandibulating prey while swallowing. The Fossa musculorum temporalium and the Palatum osseum in both species provide a broad area for origins of the Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (all parts) and the Musculus pterygoideus. The Processus orbitalis quadratiis longer and thicker in F. magnificens than in S. leucogaster, and so is the Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus. We suggest that Mm [...](AU)

Neste trabalho, descrevemos o crânio do tesourão, Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae), e do atobá-pardo, Sula leucogaster (Sulidae), com ênfase nas estruturas associadas com os movimentos de abdução e adução da Maxilla e Mandibula. Tesourões e atobás são aves marinhas tropicais; que, de forma geral, consomem peixes-voadores e lulas. Os tesourões capturam suas presas em pleno voo, logo acima ou abaixo da superfície da água. Dessa forma, em F. magnificens, o Apex maxillae em formato de anzol pode ser considerado como uma adaptação para recolher presas próximas da superfície. Os atobás mergulham verticalmente, ou nadam sob a superfície para capturar suas presas. Em S. leucogaster, o crânio achatado dorso-ventralmente e o bico em formato cônico muito provavelmente contribuem para a redução da resistência da água quando a ave mergulha e/ou persegue suas presas. Em ambas as espécies, o Rostrum é longo se comparado ao comprimento do sincrânio (em média, 70% do comprimento total do sincrânio em F. magnificens e 60% e S. leucogaster); portanto, os Musculi mandibulae estão posicionados mais posteriormente em relação ao Apex rostri. Isso resulta em uma baixa vantagem mecânica do mecanismo de alavanca que promove a abertura e fechamento do bico; assim, provavelmente a velocidade do movimento é favorecida. Nas duas espécies, a Fossa musculorum temporalium e o Palatum osseum compreendem uma área ampla para a origem do Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (todas as partes) e do M. pterygoideus. O Processus orbitalis quadrati é mais longo e robusto em F. magnificens do que em S. leucogaster; e, sendo assim, o Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus provavelmente é mais desenvolvido naquela espécie. Sugerimos que os Mm. adductores mandibulae são bem desenvolvidos nas duas espécies; e, com isso, a Maxilla e a Mandibula também são capazes de uma adução forte. Em tesourões e atobás, há um mecanismos que contribue para a proteção da Mandibula e [...] (AU)

Miologia comparada do membro torácico de macaco-prego e macaco-da-noite / Comparative myology of the forelimb in capuchin and night monkeys

Background: The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and the night monkey (Aotus azarae infulatus) are primates with broad distribution in South America. Sapajus apella is best-studied species in the genus Cebus, and is commonly found in captivity in parks, zoos, and sorting centers in Brazil. Species in the genus Aotus have a primitive appearance with large eye sockets, and their nocturnal habits are unique among the apes today. Because these two species belong to the same order, they have similar morphological characteristics. In this work, we conduct a comparative study of the forelimb musculature between these two species to produce data for use in veterinary procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Three capuchin monkey and three night monkey specimens were used, two females and one male for each species. Specimens were acquired from the National Center for Primates under approval from the Animal Research (CEPAN/IEC/SVS/MS) No. 008/2010. Specimens were frozen and donated after death by natural causes to the LaPMA (Animal Morphology Research Laboratory) at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). After being thawed in running water, the animals were fixed by intramuscular injection with 10% formaldehyde in aqueous solution and dissected to display thoracic limb muscle groups. Dissections were performed using basic instrumentation by creating a medial incision from the carpal region to the axillary region. After incision, the skin was folded and muscles were separated in order to identify muscle groups. The nomenclature adopted was based on the veterinary anatomy, and books about human anatomy for comparison of forearm muscles. The muscles that compound the shoulder was the supraspinal and infra-spinal. The arm was composed by the teres major and minor, the triceps brachii (long head, lateral head, and medial head), brachialis, biceps brachii, tensor muscle of the antebrachial fascia, coracobrachialis, and anconeous.[...](AU)

The adductor pectoral fin muscle of Micropogonias furnieri (Perciformes: Sciaenidae): a morphological and histochemical study

The adductor pectoral fin muscle in post-spawning females of the white croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) is described from a morphological, histochemical and morphometric perspectives. A description of the morphological characteristics was conducted after dissections in different layers, down to the deep layer. Five muscles were found: superficial, medial, radial and deep adductors, and dorsal arrector. Their fibers were studied after applying histochemical techniques: succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) to reveal mitochondria, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for glycogen, Sudan black for lipids, myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (mATPase) to reveal the types of fibers, and modified mATPase to evidence the capillaries. Fiber diameters were measured and the number of capillaries was counted. Fiber subtypes named small, medium and large were found within red, pink and white fibers, the latter prevailing. Staining homogeneity was observed in white fibers after alkaline pre-incubations. The number of capillaries decreased from red to white fibers. Due to the prevalence of white fibers, the adductor muscle of the pectoral fins appears to be capable of rapid and discontinuous movements, which are important to body stabilization during subcarangiform swimming. The homogenous staining of white fibers observed in this research corresponds to the post-spawning gonad stage studied.

The adductor pectoral fin muscle of Micropogonias furnieri (Perciformes: Sciaenidae): a morphological and histochemical study

The adductor pectoral fin muscle in post-spawning females of the white croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) is described from a morphological, histochemical and morphometric perspectives. A description of the morphological characteristics was conducted after dissections in different layers, down to the deep layer. Five muscles were found: superficial, medial, radial and deep adductors, and dorsal arrector. Their fibers were studied after applying histochemical techniques: succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) to reveal mitochondria, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for glycogen, Sudan black for lipids, myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (mATPase) to reveal the types of fibers, and modified mATPase to evidence the capillaries. Fiber diameters were measured and the number of capillaries was counted. Fiber subtypes named small, medium and large were found within red, pink and white fibers, the latter prevailing. Staining homogeneity was observed in white fibers after alkaline pre-incubations. The number of capillaries decreased from red to white fibers. Due to the prevalence of white fibers, the adductor muscle of the pectoral fins appears to be capable of rapid and discontinuous movements, which are important to body stabilization during subcarangiform swimming. The homogenous staining of white fibers observed in this research corresponds to the post-spawning gonad stage studied.(AU)

ASPECTO HIGIÊNICO SANITÁRIO DE TRYPANORYNCHA NA MUSCULATURA DA SARDINHA VERDADEIRA Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) COMERCIALIZADAS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRASIL

A Sardinella brasiliensis, vulgarmente conhecida como sardinha verdadeira, ocorre do Golfo do México, no Caribe ao norte do Uruguai. No Sudeste do Brasil, a pesca deste é muito intensa, sendo um dos peixes mais consumidos pela população e é um elemento importante da indústria de peixe enlatado, e isso gera muitas divisas em sua exportação. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram identificar e relatar a ocorrência de pequenos espécimes de uma espécie de cestoide (3 mm - 6,6 mm) de cor creme, parasitos na musculatura da sardinha verdadeira, que foram adquiridos nos mercados de peixe do município de Niterói, estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. De outubro de 2013 a novembro de 2016, foram investigados 75 espécimes de S. brasiliensis. Os cestoides Trypanorhyncha foram identificados como plerocercos de Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, através da apresentação de seus dados morfológicos, morfométricos e moleculares. Seus índices parasitários foram calculados. A infecção na musculatura da sardinha verdadeira por este cestoide teve os seguintes valores: prevalência, 40%; intensidade média, 3,47; abundância média, 1,39; e amplitude de variação de infecção de 1-18 espécimes. A presença de cestoides Trypanorhyncha na musculatura da Sardinella brasiliensis é uma indicação importante da higiene do pescado, e os peixes parasitados são geralmente rejeitados pelos consumidores por causa de sua aparência repugnante.

The Brazilian sardinella, Sardinella brasiliensis, occurs from Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean to northern Uruguay. In southeastern Brazil its fishing is very intense, being one of the fish most consumed by the population and is an important element of the canned fish industry, and that generates many currencies in its exportation. The aims of the present study were to identify and report the occurrence of a tiny specimens of a cestode species (3 mm - 6.6 mm) cream colored, parasites in the musculature of the Brazilian sardinella, that were purchased in fish markets of the municipality of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From October 2013 to November 2016, 75 specimens of S. brasiliensis were investigated, The trypanorhynch cestodes were identified as plerocerci of Callitetrarhynchus gracilis using the objective from of its morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Their parasitic indexes were calculated. Infection in the musculature of Brazilian sardinella by this cestode had the following values: prevalence, 40%; mean intensity, 3.47; mean abundance, 1.39; and range of infection of 1-18 specimens. The presence of trypanorhynch cestodes in the musculature of Brazilian sardinella is an important indication of fish hygiene, and the parasitized fish are usually rejected by consumers due to their repugnant appearance.

Comparative studies on the histology and ultrastructure of the siphons of two species of Tellinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Brazil

Despite the great importance of the siphons for infaunal bivalves, only a few studies have examined their tissues using histology techniques or scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, the siphons of Tellina lineata Turton, 1819 and Macoma biota Arruda & Domaneschi, 2005 were investigated. The siphon walls are composed by a series of muscle sheets of longitudinal ("L"), circular ("C") and radial ("R") fibers, with a clear pattern common to both species: there is a main median longitudinal layer (Lm), and two peripheral circular layers, one inner (Ci) and one outer (Co), near the epithelia. A median circular layer (Cm) separates an internal (Lmi) from an outer (Lmo) median longitudinal layer. Further, the Co is split by a thin outer longitudinal layer (Lo), forming Coi and Coo layers, the former being obliquely oriented. Thin radial fibers (R) delimit clear packages of Lmi and Lmo fibers. In each siphon, there are six longitudinal nerve cords, running within the Lmi layer, adjacent to the Cm. The inhalant and exhalant siphons of M. biota are very similar in structure, but the Lmo of the exhalant siphon is almost twice as thick as its Lmi, while in the inhalant siphon these layers have similar thicknesses; the Coi is very thick, especially in the exhalant siphon. The inhalant siphon of T. lineata is very similar to that of M. biota, differing only with respect to the thickness of the Coi, which in the former species is not as well developed as in the latter. The Lmo of the exhalant siphon of T. lineata is by far the most developed layer, with the Lmi represented only by uniseriate small cells; in the vicinities of the nerve cords, the Cm is split in two layers. The epithelia of both siphons of M. biota and T. lineata bear ciliated receptors, which were difficult to observe as they were frequently covered with mucus. It was possible to observe that cilia are present in both species, differing in length and in the number per receptor between the inhalant and exhalant siphons, and between the species. Detailed comparisons among the siphons of M. biota and T. lineata and other bivalve species are very difficult, because of at least two reasons. First, each investigator has used different methods to prepare and observe the siphons through histological sections; and second, different nomenclatural schemes are used to describe the musculature of the siphons, causing confusion when the same layers are compared among different species. In order to unify the nomenclature of tissue layers of the bivalve siphons, we now propose a scheme to name these layers based on topological homology.

Comparative studies on the histology and ultrastructure of the siphons of two species of Tellinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Brazil

Despite the great importance of the siphons for infaunal bivalves, only a few studies have examined their tissues using histology techniques or scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, the siphons of Tellina lineata Turton, 1819 and Macoma biota Arruda & Domaneschi, 2005 were investigated. The siphon walls are composed by a series of muscle sheets of longitudinal ("L"), circular ("C") and radial ("R") fibers, with a clear pattern common to both species: there is a main median longitudinal layer (Lm), and two peripheral circular layers, one inner (Ci) and one outer (Co), near the epithelia. A median circular layer (Cm) separates an internal (Lmi) from an outer (Lmo) median longitudinal layer. Further, the Co is split by a thin outer longitudinal layer (Lo), forming Coi and Coo layers, the former being obliquely oriented. Thin radial fibers (R) delimit clear packages of Lmi and Lmo fibers. In each siphon, there are six longitudinal nerve cords, running within the Lmi layer, adjacent to the Cm. The inhalant and exhalant siphons of M. biota are very similar in structure, but the Lmo of the exhalant siphon is almost twice as thick as its Lmi, while in the inhalant siphon these layers have similar thicknesses; the Coi is very thick, especially in the exhalant siphon. The inhalant siphon of T. lineata is very similar to that of M. biota, differing only with respect to the thickness of the Coi, which in the former species is not as well developed as in the latter. The Lmo of the exhalant siphon of T. lineata is by far the most developed layer, with the Lmi represented only by uniseriate small cells; in the vicinities of the nerve cords, the Cm is split in two layers. The epithelia of both siphons of M. biota and T. lineata bear ciliated receptors, which were difficult to observe as they were frequently covered with mucus. It was possible to observe that cilia are present in both species, differing in length and in the number per receptor between the inhalant and exhalant siphons, and between the species. Detailed comparisons among the siphons of M. biota and T. lineata and other bivalve species are very difficult, because of at least two reasons. First, each investigator has used different methods to prepare and observe the siphons through histological sections; and second, different nomenclatural schemes are used to describe the musculature of the siphons, causing confusion when the same layers are compared among different species. In order to unify the nomenclature of tissue layers of the bivalve siphons, we now propose a scheme to name these layers based on topological homology.

Comparative studies on the histology and ultrastructure of the siphons of two species of Tellinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Brazil

Despite the great importance of the siphons for infaunal bivalves, only a few studies have examined their tissues using histology techniques or scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, the siphons of Tellina lineata Turton, 1819 and Macoma biota Arruda & Domaneschi, 2005 were investigated. The siphon walls are composed by a series of muscle sheets of longitudinal ("L"), circular ("C") and radial ("R") fibers, with a clear pattern common to both species: there is a main median longitudinal layer (Lm), and two peripheral circular layers, one inner (Ci) and one outer (Co), near the epithelia. A median circular layer (Cm) separates an internal (Lmi) from an outer (Lmo) median longitudinal layer. Further, the Co is split by a thin outer longitudinal layer (Lo), forming Coi and Coo layers, the former being obliquely oriented. Thin radial fibers (R) delimit clear packages of Lmi and Lmo fibers. In each siphon, there are six longitudinal nerve cords, running within the Lmi layer, adjacent to the Cm. The inhalant and exhalant siphons of M. biota are very similar in structure, but the Lmo of the exhalant siphon is almost twice as thick as its Lmi, while in the inhalant siphon these layers have similar thicknesses; the Coi is very thick, especially in the exhalant siphon. The inhalant siphon of T. lineata is very similar to that of M. biota, differing only with respect to the thickness of the Coi, which in the former species is not as well developed as in the latter. The Lmo of the exhalant siphon of T. lineata is by far the most developed layer, with the Lmi represented only by uniseriate small cells; in the vicinities of the nerve cords, the Cm is split in two layers. The epithelia of both siphons of M. biota and T. lineata bear ciliated receptors, which were difficult to observe as they were frequently covered with mucus. It was possible to observe that cilia are present in both species, differing in length and in the number per receptor between the inhalant and exhalant siphons, and between the species. Detailed comparisons among the siphons of M. biota and T. lineata and other bivalve species are very difficult, because of at least two reasons. First, each investigator has used different methods to prepare and observe the siphons through histological sections; and second, different nomenclatural schemes are used to describe the musculature of the siphons, causing confusion when the same layers are compared among different species. In order to unify the nomenclature of tissue layers of the bivalve siphons, we now propose a scheme to name these layers based on topological homology.

Feeding behavior of the Neotropical freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)

The feeding mechanisms of elasmobranchs and their functioning have been receiving growing scientific attention, although less emphasis has yet to be directed towards batoid species. The present study investigated the use of orobranchial musculature during prey capture and processing behavior in Potamotrygon motoro. Ten orobranchial muscle groups were removed to determine their relative biomasses. The kinematics of the musculature was described based on videos of prey capture and manipulation under captive conditions recorded at 250 and 500 field/s. Analyses of the orobranchial musculature indicated that adductor muscles responsible for closing the mouth had high biomasses, which is consistent with their functions related to apprehend and manipulate the prey. The feeding behavior adopted by this ray species showed a sequence of manipulation to crush hard prey as crustaceans (dominant prey category for P. motoro) to facilitate final oral transport. The morphological and behavioral characteristics of P. motoro are essential to fully understanding the mechanisms used in prey capture and processing in environments in which these stingrays occur.(AU)

Os mecanismos alimentares e suas funções em elasmobrânquios têm recebido crescente atenção, apesar de pouca ênfase ser direcionada às espécies de batoideos. No presente estudo foi investigado o uso da musculatura orobranquial na captura e processamento de presas durante o comportamento alimentar em Potamotrygon motoro. Dez conjuntos de músculos orobranquiais foram removidos para a determinação da massa relativa. A cinemática dos músculos foi descrita a partir de observações da captura e manipulação de presas registradas em 250 e 500 fotogramas/s, sob condições de cativeiro. A análise da musculatura orobranquial indicou que os músculos adutores responsáveis pelo fechamento da boca apresentaram alta biomassa, o qual foi consistente com sua função para a apreensão e manipulação de presas. O comportamento alimentar utilizado por esta raia mostrou uma sequência de manipulação para a quebra de presas com estruturas rígidas como crustáceos (considerados como categoria dominante de presas para P. motoro), facilitando o transporte oral final. As características morfológicas e comportamentais de P. motoro são essenciais para a compreensão do uso do mecanismo para a captura e processamento de presas nos ambientes em que essas raias ocorrem.(AU)

IMPACTO DA IATF (INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO) SOBRE CARACTERÍSTICAS DE IMPORTÂNCIA ECONÔMICA EM BOVINOS NELORE

A produção de carne no Brasil cresce constantemente, assim como as exigências do mercado e dos consumidores, que fazem a pecuária de corte estar sempre em busca de estratégias tecnológicas e de manejo para garantir maior retorno econômico da atividade. Aliado ao melhoramento genético, o uso da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) ganha destaque na produção comercial. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar grupos de progênies oriundas de IATF e de monta natural (MN), a fim de avaliar o impacto da tecnologia reprodutiva no peso a desmama (PD), ganho de peso pós-desmama (GPD), perímetro escrotal (PE) e musculatura (MUS), além de verificar a idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e tempo de permanência (TP) das fêmeas em rebanhos Nelore criados em sistema extensivo. Os dados avaliados foram provenientes de seis fazendas participantes do programa de melhoramento genético Nelore Qualitas, utilizou-se registro de 65.086 animais. Análises estatísticas dos dados foram realizadas pelo procedimento GLM e as médias ajustadas foram comparadas entre os grupos, G_MN (grupo de progênies oriundas de MN) e G_IA (grupo de progênies oriundas de inseminação artificial), a partir do teste de Tukey-Kramer no programa SAS. A concentração de nascimentos, em ambos os grupos, ocorreu entre agosto e novembro, período com maior oferta de pastagem, o que resultou maior potencial de desempenho das progênies ao desmame. Os touros apresentaram papel fundamental no desempenho das progênies, sendo aquelas oriundas de IA mais eficientes (p<0,001) nas características estudadas. Os fenótipos do grupo G_IA para PD, GPD, PE e MUS foram 187,02 kg, 81,69 kg, 24,09 cm e 3,92, respectivamente, e com valores genéticos iguais a 4,64 kg, 7,48 kg, 0,49 cm e 0,23, respectivamente. Estes resultados apresentaram fenótipos e valores genéticos superiores (p<0,001) aos do grupo G_MN, 180,8 kg, 69,81 kg, 23,68 cm e 3,78 e 0,04 kg, 0,05 kg, -0,01 cm e 0,02, respectivamente. A tendência genética para as características avaliadas apresentaram-se positivas em ambos os grupos, porém com superioridade ao grupo G_IA, indicando a importância do uso de biotecnologia reprodutiva nos rebanhos a fim de garantir aumento do mérito genético dos animais e maior retorno econômico da atividade para os produtores. Para IPP, as fêmeas mais precoces foram do grupo G_MN, sugerindo falta de correlação genética com as características presentes no índice de seleção e que o uso de IATF não interfere na precocidade. O contrário acontece com a característica TP, a qual apresentou maior resultado em fêmeas do grupo G_IA, sugerindo maior retorno econômico da atividade em rebanhos que utilizam biotecnologia reprodutiva. A rentabilidade econômica apresentou-se eficiente com a utilização de IATF nos rebanhos estudados.

Meat production in Brazil is constantly growing, as well as the requirements of the market and consumers, which makes the making beef cattle to be always in search of technological strategies and management to ensure greater economic return to activity. Allied to genetic breeding, the use of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) acquires emphasis in commercial production. The aim of this study was to compare progeny groups of FTAI and natural breeding (NB), in order to evaluate the reproductive technology impact in weaning weight (WW), postweaning weight gain (PWG), scrotal perimeter (SP) and musculature (MUS), besides checking the age at first calving (AFC) and time of permanency (TP) of females of Nelore herd created in extensive system. The data evaluated came from six farms that participate in the Nelore Qualitas breeding program, and it was used a register of 65,086 animals. Statistical analyzes of the data were performed by the GLM procedure and the adjusted means were compared between the groups, G_MN (group of progenies born by NB) and G_IA (group of progenies born by TFAI), by the Tukey-Kramer test in the SAS program. The concentration of births in both groups occurred between August and November, a period with greater pasture supply, which resulted in progenys greater performance potential at weaning. The bulls presented a fundamental role in the progeny performance, and those from AI were more efficient (p<0.001) in the studied traits. The phenotypes of the G_IA group for WW, PWG, SP and MUS were 187.02 kg, 81.69 kg, 24.09 cm e 3.92, respectively, and with genetic values equal to 4.64 kg, 7.48 kg, 0.49 cm e 0.23, respectively. These results showed phenotypes and higher genetic values (p <0.001) than those of the G_MN group, 180.8 kg, 69.81 kg, 23.68 cm and 3.78 and 0.04 kg, 0.05 kg, -0.01 cm and 0.02, respectively. The genetic tendency for the characteristics evaluated were positive in both groups, but superior in the G_IA group, which shows the importance of the reproductive biotechnologys use in the herds, in order to guarantee the increase of the animals genetic merit and a greater economic return of the activities to the producers. For AFC, the earliest females were from the G_MN group, which suggest a lack of genetic correlation of the characteristics present in the selection index, and that the use of IATF does not interfere the precocity. The opposite occurs with the TP, which presented higher results in females of the G_IA group, and suggests a greater economic return of the activity in herds that use reproductive biotechnology. The economic profitability was efficient with the use of FTAI in the herds studied.

Comparative Myology of the Forelimb in Capuchin and Night Monkeys

Background: The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and the night monkey (Aotus azarae infulatus) are primates with broad distribution in South America. Sapajus apella is best-studied species in the genus Cebus, and is commonly found in captivity in parks, zoos, and sorting centers in Brazil. Species in the genus Aotus have a primitive appearance with large eye sockets, and their nocturnal habits are unique among the apes today. Because these two species belong to the same order, they have similar morphological characteristics. In this work, we conduct a comparative study of the forelimb musculature between these two species to produce data for use in veterinary procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Three capuchin monkey and three night monkey specimens were used, two females and one male for each species. Specimens were acquired from the National Center for Primates under approval from the Animal Research (CEPAN/IEC/SVS/MS) No. 008/2010. Specimens were frozen and donated after death by natural causes to the LaPMA (Animal Morphology Research Laboratory) at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). After being thawed in running water, the animals were fixed by intramuscular injection with 10% formaldehyde in aqueous solution and dissected to display thoracic limb muscle groups. Dissections were performed using basic instrumentation by creating a medial incision from t

Comparative Myology of the Forelimb in Capuchin and Night Monkeys

Background: The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and the night monkey (Aotus azarae infulatus) are primates with broad distribution in South America. Sapajus apella is best-studied species in the genus Cebus, and is commonly found in captivity in parks, zoos, and sorting centers in Brazil. Species in the genus Aotus have a primitive appearance with large eye sockets, and their nocturnal habits are unique among the apes today. Because these two species belong to the same order, they have similar morphological characteristics. In this work, we conduct a comparative study of the forelimb musculature between these two species to produce data for use in veterinary procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Three capuchin monkey and three night monkey specimens were used, two females and one male for each species. Specimens were acquired from the National Center for Primates under approval from the Animal Research (CEPAN/IEC/SVS/MS) No. 008/2010. Specimens were frozen and donated after death by natural causes to the LaPMA (Animal Morphology Research Laboratory) at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). After being thawed in running water, the animals were fixed by intramuscular injection with 10% formaldehyde in aqueous solution and dissected to display thoracic limb muscle groups. Dissections were performed using basic instrumentation by creating a medial incision from t