Canine cutaneous neoplasms in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil / Neoplasias cutâneas caninas na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe the occurrence and epidemiological features of skin neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Diagnoses from dog biopsies from 2011 to 2016 provided by a private veterinary pathology laboratory were analyzed. The main diagnoses were mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and hemangioma. Highest frequency of neoplasms was found in female dogs, dogs aged > 8 years, and purebred dogs, particularly the American Pit Bull Terriers and the Poodles. Most common sites affected by the neoplasms were the limb and the head. Using multiple correspondence analysis, groups of neoplasms were found to be associated with different epidemiological features and the size of the neoplasms was associated with the biological behavior. The results of this study described predispositions and verified the importance of different types of skin neoplasms in dogs in the region being studied.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e as características epidemiológicas das neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram analisados os diagnósticos de um laboratório do setor privado de 2011 a 2016. Mastocitoma, hemangiossarcoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, melanoma maligno e hemangioma representaram os principais diagnósticos. A maioria dos casos ocorreram em cães de raças definidas, fêmeas e com idade >8 anos. American Pit Bull Terrier e Poodle foram as raças mais encontradas. As neoplasias acometeram principalmente regiões de membros e cabeça. Pela análise de correspondência múltipla, associou-se os grupos de neoplasias com diferentes características epidemiológicas e o tamanho da neoplasia com o comportamento biológico. A comparação dos resultados com pesquisas prévias possibilitou confirmar predisposições previamente descritas e verificar a importância dos diferentes tipos de neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região estudada.(AU)

Canine cutaneous neoplasms in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil / Neoplasias cutâneas caninas na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

The present study aimed to describe the occurrence and epidemiological features of skin neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Diagnoses from dog biopsies from 2011 to 2016 provided by a private veterinary pathology laboratory were analyzed. The main diagnoses were mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and hemangioma. Highest frequency of neoplasms was found in female dogs, dogs aged > 8 years, and purebred dogs, particularly the American Pit Bull Terriers and the Poodles. Most common sites affected by the neoplasms were the limb and the head. Using multiple correspondence analysis, groups of neoplasms were found to be associated with different epidemiological features and the size of the neoplasms was associated with the biological behavior. The results of this study described predispositions and verified the importance of different types of skin neoplasms in dogs in the region being studied.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e as características epidemiológicas das neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram analisados os diagnósticos de um laboratório do setor privado de 2011 a 2016. Mastocitoma, hemangiossarcoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, melanoma maligno e hemangioma representaram os principais diagnósticos. A maioria dos casos ocorreram em cães de raças definidas, fêmeas e com idade >8 anos. American Pit Bull Terrier e Poodle foram as raças mais encontradas. As neoplasias acometeram principalmente regiões de membros e cabeça. Pela análise de correspondência múltipla, associou-se os grupos de neoplasias com diferentes características epidemiológicas e o tamanho da neoplasia com o comportamento biológico. A comparação dos resultados com pesquisas prévias possibilitou confirmar predisposições previamente descritas e verificar a importância dos diferentes tipos de neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região estudada.(AU)

Caracterização anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães / Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of skin gland tumors in dogs

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães. A caracterização morfológica seguiu a classificação atualizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para a caracterização imuno-histoquímica, utilizaram-se anticorpos monoclonais primários anti-citoqueratina 14 (CK14), vimentina, p63, calponina, EGFR e Ki-67. Dos animais examinados, 66,67% (18/27) eram machos e 33,33% (9/27) fêmeas, 21 tinham raça definida e seis eram sem raça definida (SRD), com idade variando entre sete e 15 anos. Dos tumores caracterizados, 40,74% eram hepatoides (11/27), 29,63% sebáceos (8/27), 25,92% apócrinos (7/27) e 3,70% meibômio (1/27). Os tumores malignos representaram 55,56%, e os benignos 44,44%. Com esses resultados, foi possível demonstrar que os tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães são frequentes, sem predileção por raça, sexo e com idade superior ou igual a sete anos. Os anticorpos CK 14, p63, vimentina e EGFR foram imunoexpressos nas células basais, células de diferenciação sebácea dos tumores hepatoides e de meibômio e células mioepiteliais. Entretanto, a vimentina e o EGFR não demonstraram imunomarcação para os tumores sebáceos. A calponina foi um bom marcador para as células mioepiteliais. O índice de Ki-67 foi mais acentuado nos tumores malignos em relação aos benignos. No entanto, estudos futuros utilizando maior número de casos se fazem necessários.(AU)

The present study aimed to characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of cutaneous glandular tumors in dogs. Tumours were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria for canine skin neoplasms. For the immunohistochemical characterization, the primary monoclonal antibodies anti-cytokeratin 14 (CK14), vimentin, p63, calponin, EGFR and Ki-67 were used. Males were 66.67% (18/27) and females 33.33% (9/27), 21 had a defined race and 6 were mixed breed, with ages varying from 7 to 15 years. The tumors characterized were 40.74% hepatoid (11/27), 29.63% sebaceous (8/27), 25.92% apocrine (7/27) and 3.70% Meibômio (1/27). Malignant tumors accounted for 55.56% and benign tumors 44.44%. With these results it was possible to demonstrate that tumors of cutaneous glands in dogs are frequent, with no predilection for race, sex and with an age ≥ seven years. The CK 14 antibodies, p63, vimentin, and EGFR were imunoexpressed in the basal cells of the sebaceous cell differentiation and Meibomian hepatoides tumors and myoepithelial to cells. However, vimentin and EGFR did not demonstrate immunostaining for sebaceous tumors. Calponin was a good marker for myoepithelial cells. The Ki-67 index was more pronounced in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. However, more studies are needed mainly using a higher number of tumors.(AU)

Epidemiology of tumors in dogs in the capital of the state of Mexico from 2002-2016 / Epidemiologia de tumores em cães da capital do Estado do México durante o período de 2002-2016

A retrospective and cross-sectional study of canine tumors was performed in the capital of State of Mexico from 2002-2016. Since then, 393 tumors were remitted. Descriptive epidemiology was made from all data: breed, age, sex, and tumor features. Then the risk association between cutaneous and non-cutaneous tumors with variables such as sex, breed, and age were analyzed through an exact Fisher test and Odds ratio. In addition, some characteristics of the canine population were studied under a survey. Of all tumors, skin tumors were the most frequent (59.0%). The group of tumors related to ultraviolet radiation was the most common (15.1%). The frequency of tumors in females was 53%, nevertheless, males had more risk to develop cutaneous tumors (OR=1.88, 1.24-2.84) (0.003). The Pure breeds were the most common (82.5%) and the most frequent age range was > 7 years (54.7%). The survey showed that males (53%) and the age range 1-7 years (62.1%) were the most frequent. Conclusions, age, breed, and sex were identified as the major risk factors for tumorigenesis. Likewise, skin tumors were associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation, probably to the height of the locality (2667mamls).(AU)

Um estudo retrospectivo e transversal dos tumores caninos foi realizado na capital do Estado do México durante o período de 2002-2016. Desde esse período, 393 tumores foram remetidos. Epidemiologia descritiva foi feita com base em todos os dados: raça, idade, sexo e características do tumor. Em seguida, a associação de risco entre tumores cutâneos e não cutâneos com variáveis como sexo, raça e idade foi analisada por meio do teste exato de Fisher e odds ratio. Além disso, algumas características da população canina foram estudadas em uma pesquisa. De todos os tumores, os de pele foram os mais frequentes (59,0%). O grupo de tumores relacionados à radiação ultravioleta foi o mais comum (15,1%). A frequência de tumores no sexo feminino foi de 53%, no entanto os machos apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver tumores cutâneos (OR = 1,88; 1,24-2,84) (0,003). As raças puras foram as mais comuns (82,5%), e a faixa etária mais frequente foi >7 anos (54,7%). A pesquisa mostrou que os machos (53%) e a faixa etária de um a sete anos (62,1%) foram os mais frequentes. Conclusões: idade, raça e sexo foram identificados como os principais fatores de risco para a tumorigênese. Da mesma forma, os tumores cutâneos foram associados à exposição à radiação ultravioleta, provavelmente até a altura da localidade (2667m ANM).(AU)

Melanocitoma-acantoma em um cão / Melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog

Background: Melanocytic neoplasms are skin tumors that often occur in dogs. However, melanocytoma-acanthoma, alsocalled melanoacanthoma, is a benign melanocytic neoplasm rarely reported in this species, which has been described onlythree times in the veterinary literature. Briefly, this tumor is characterized by a single, painless, darkly pigmented and firmcutaneous papule or nodule. Histologically, it is composed of mixed populations of well-differentiated melanocytes andkeratinocytes, unlike traditional melanocytic tumors (melanoma and melanocytoma). These cells are arranged in lobulessurrounded by collagenous stroma. Melanocytes are large epithelioid cells containing varying amounts of melanin. Keratinocytes form anastomosing trabeculae with peripheral palisading, and small cysts containing amorphous or laminatedkeratin. The definitive diagnosis of melanocytoma-acanthoma is based on histopathological findings. This report describesa case of melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog in Brazil.Case: A 9-year-old female miniature Schnauzer dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Santa Maria, where a single, firm, pigmented papule was found in the auricle. The lesion had started 15 days earlier.Hematological tests and serum biochemistry profile were normal. An excisional biopsy of the papule was surgically removed and subjected to histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processedroutinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A histopathologicalexamination revealed a nonencapsulated, well-defined, extensive, densely cellular proliferation located in dermis. Thisproliferation was composed of lobules and nests of well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium closely associatedwith neoplastic melanocytes, surrounded by thin bundles of fibrous stroma. A diagnosis of...

Melanocitoma-acantoma em um cão / Melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog

Background: Melanocytic neoplasms are skin tumors that often occur in dogs. However, melanocytoma-acanthoma, alsocalled melanoacanthoma, is a benign melanocytic neoplasm rarely reported in this species, which has been described onlythree times in the veterinary literature. Briefly, this tumor is characterized by a single, painless, darkly pigmented and firmcutaneous papule or nodule. Histologically, it is composed of mixed populations of well-differentiated melanocytes andkeratinocytes, unlike traditional melanocytic tumors (melanoma and melanocytoma). These cells are arranged in lobulessurrounded by collagenous stroma. Melanocytes are large epithelioid cells containing varying amounts of melanin. Keratinocytes form anastomosing trabeculae with peripheral palisading, and small cysts containing amorphous or laminatedkeratin. The definitive diagnosis of melanocytoma-acanthoma is based on histopathological findings. This report describesa case of melanocytoma-acanthoma in a dog in Brazil.Case: A 9-year-old female miniature Schnauzer dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Universityof Santa Maria, where a single, firm, pigmented papule was found in the auricle. The lesion had started 15 days earlier.Hematological tests and serum biochemistry profile were normal. An excisional biopsy of the papule was surgically removed and subjected to histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processedroutinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A histopathologicalexamination revealed a nonencapsulated, well-defined, extensive, densely cellular proliferation located in dermis. Thisproliferation was composed of lobules and nests of well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium closely associatedwith neoplastic melanocytes, surrounded by thin bundles of fibrous stroma. A diagnosis of...(AU)

Epidemiology of tumors in dogs in the capital of the state of Mexico from 2002-2016 / Epidemiologia de tumores em cães da capital do Estado do México durante o período de 2002-2016

A retrospective and cross-sectional study of canine tumors was performed in the capital of State of Mexico from 2002-2016. Since then, 393 tumors were remitted. Descriptive epidemiology was made from all data: breed, age, sex, and tumor features. Then the risk association between cutaneous and non-cutaneous tumors with variables such as sex, breed, and age were analyzed through an exact Fisher test and Odds ratio. In addition, some characteristics of the canine population were studied under a survey. Of all tumors, skin tumors were the most frequent (59.0%). The group of tumors related to ultraviolet radiation was the most common (15.1%). The frequency of tumors in females was 53%, nevertheless, males had more risk to develop cutaneous tumors (OR=1.88, 1.24-2.84) (0.003). The Pure breeds were the most common (82.5%) and the most frequent age range was > 7 years (54.7%). The survey showed that males (53%) and the age range 1-7 years (62.1%) were the most frequent. Conclusions, age, breed, and sex were identified as the major risk factors for tumorigenesis. Likewise, skin tumors were associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation, probably to the height of the locality (2667mamls).(AU)

Um estudo retrospectivo e transversal dos tumores caninos foi realizado na capital do Estado do México durante o período de 2002-2016. Desde esse período, 393 tumores foram remetidos. Epidemiologia descritiva foi feita com base em todos os dados: raça, idade, sexo e características do tumor. Em seguida, a associação de risco entre tumores cutâneos e não cutâneos com variáveis como sexo, raça e idade foi analisada por meio do teste exato de Fisher e odds ratio. Além disso, algumas características da população canina foram estudadas em uma pesquisa. De todos os tumores, os de pele foram os mais frequentes (59,0%). O grupo de tumores relacionados à radiação ultravioleta foi o mais comum (15,1%). A frequência de tumores no sexo feminino foi de 53%, no entanto os machos apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver tumores cutâneos (OR = 1,88; 1,24-2,84) (0,003). As raças puras foram as mais comuns (82,5%), e a faixa etária mais frequente foi >7 anos (54,7%). A pesquisa mostrou que os machos (53%) e a faixa etária de um a sete anos (62,1%) foram os mais frequentes. Conclusões: idade, raça e sexo foram identificados como os principais fatores de risco para a tumorigênese. Da mesma forma, os tumores cutâneos foram associados à exposição à radiação ultravioleta, provavelmente até a altura da localidade (2667m ANM).(AU)

Caracterização anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães / Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of skin gland tumors in dogs

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães. A caracterização morfológica seguiu a classificação atualizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para a caracterização imuno-histoquímica, utilizaram-se anticorpos monoclonais primários anti-citoqueratina 14 (CK14), vimentina, p63, calponina, EGFR e Ki-67. Dos animais examinados, 66,67% (18/27) eram machos e 33,33% (9/27) fêmeas, 21 tinham raça definida e seis eram sem raça definida (SRD), com idade variando entre sete e 15 anos. Dos tumores caracterizados, 40,74% eram hepatoides (11/27), 29,63% sebáceos (8/27), 25,92% apócrinos (7/27) e 3,70% meibômio (1/27). Os tumores malignos representaram 55,56%, e os benignos 44,44%. Com esses resultados, foi possível demonstrar que os tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães são frequentes, sem predileção por raça, sexo e com idade superior ou igual a sete anos. Os anticorpos CK 14, p63, vimentina e EGFR foram imunoexpressos nas células basais, células de diferenciação sebácea dos tumores hepatoides e de meibômio e células mioepiteliais. Entretanto, a vimentina e o EGFR não demonstraram imunomarcação para os tumores sebáceos. A calponina foi um bom marcador para as células mioepiteliais. O índice de Ki-67 foi mais acentuado nos tumores malignos em relação aos benignos. No entanto, estudos futuros utilizando maior número de casos se fazem necessários.(AU)

The present study aimed to characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of cutaneous glandular tumors in dogs. Tumours were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria for canine skin neoplasms. For the immunohistochemical characterization, the primary monoclonal antibodies anti-cytokeratin 14 (CK14), vimentin, p63, calponin, EGFR and Ki-67 were used. Males were 66.67% (18/27) and females 33.33% (9/27), 21 had a defined race and 6 were mixed breed, with ages varying from 7 to 15 years. The tumors characterized were 40.74% hepatoid (11/27), 29.63% sebaceous (8/27), 25.92% apocrine (7/27) and 3.70% Meibômio (1/27). Malignant tumors accounted for 55.56% and benign tumors 44.44%. With these results it was possible to demonstrate that tumors of cutaneous glands in dogs are frequent, with no predilection for race, sex and with an age ≥ seven years. The CK 14 antibodies, p63, vimentin, and EGFR were imunoexpressed in the basal cells of the sebaceous cell differentiation and Meibomian hepatoides tumors and myoepithelial to cells. However, vimentin and EGFR did not demonstrate immunostaining for sebaceous tumors. Calponin was a good marker for myoepithelial cells. The Ki-67 index was more pronounced in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. However, more studies are needed mainly using a higher number of tumors.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo de melanomas cutâneos em cães / A retrospective study of cutaneous melanomas in dogs / Estudio retrospectivo de los melanomas cutáneos en perros

Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo dos pacientes diagnosticados com melanoma cutâneo no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, abordando aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e prognósticos. Todos os dados foram resgatados dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foram tratados cirurgicamente dezessete cães diagnosticados com melanoma cutâneo, com predomínio de fêmeas sem raça definida e idade média de 10,5 anos. O estadiamento foi realizado em onze animais, e observou-se que os pacientes em estágios mais avançados tiveram pior prognóstico. A excisão cirúrgica foi eficaz em controlar a doença. Os cães portadores de tumores pequenos e que não apresentavam metástases no momento do diagnóstico tiveram sobrevida maior e, portanto, melhor prognóstico.

We performed a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma in the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas between 2011 and 2015, which covered epidemiological, diagnostic and prognostic aspects. All data were retrieved from patient charts. Seventeen dogs were diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and treated surgically in this period. Most of them were female mongrels with a mean age of 10.5 years. Staging was performed in 11 animals; patients in more advanced stages had worse prognoses. Surgical excision was effective in controlling the disease. The dogs that presented small tumors and no metastases at diagnosis had a higher survival rate, and therefore a better prognosis.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo en el Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas, entre los años 2011 y 2015, en relación a aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos y de pronóstico. Todos los datos se obtuvieron de las fichas clínicas de los pacientes. Se trataron con cirugía diecisiete perros con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo, en los que predominaron las hembras mestizas y con una edad promedio de 10,5 años. El estadiamiento se pudo realizar en once animales, en los que se observó un peor pronóstico en aquellos con estadios más avanzados. La extirpación quirúrgica fue eficiente en el control de la enfermedad. Los perros con tumores pequeños y sin metástasis en el momento del diagnóstico tuvieron una sobrevida mayor y, por lo tanto, un mejor pronóstico.

Estudo retrospectivo de melanomas cutâneos em cães / A retrospective study of cutaneous melanomas in dogs / Estudio retrospectivo de los melanomas cutáneos en perros

Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo dos pacientes diagnosticados com melanoma cutâneo no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas entre os anos de 2011 e 2015, abordando aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e prognósticos. Todos os dados foram resgatados dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foram tratados cirurgicamente dezessete cães diagnosticados com melanoma cutâneo, com predomínio de fêmeas sem raça definida e idade média de 10,5 anos. O estadiamento foi realizado em onze animais, e observou-se que os pacientes em estágios mais avançados tiveram pior prognóstico. A excisão cirúrgica foi eficaz em controlar a doença. Os cães portadores de tumores pequenos e que não apresentavam metástases no momento do diagnóstico tiveram sobrevida maior e, portanto, melhor prognóstico.(AU)

We performed a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma in the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas between 2011 and 2015, which covered epidemiological, diagnostic and prognostic aspects. All data were retrieved from patient charts. Seventeen dogs were diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and treated surgically in this period. Most of them were female mongrels with a mean age of 10.5 years. Staging was performed in 11 animals; patients in more advanced stages had worse prognoses. Surgical excision was effective in controlling the disease. The dogs that presented small tumors and no metastases at diagnosis had a higher survival rate, and therefore a better prognosis.(AU)

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo en el Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas, entre los años 2011 y 2015, en relación a aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos y de pronóstico. Todos los datos se obtuvieron de las fichas clínicas de los pacientes. Se trataron con cirugía diecisiete perros con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo, en los que predominaron las hembras mestizas y con una edad promedio de 10,5 años. El estadiamiento se pudo realizar en once animales, en los que se observó un peor pronóstico en aquellos con estadios más avanzados. La extirpación quirúrgica fue eficiente en el control de la enfermedad. Los perros con tumores pequeños y sin metástasis en el momento del diagnóstico tuvieron una sobrevida mayor y, por lo tanto, un mejor pronóstico.(AU)

Avaliação da imunoexpressão de HER-2 e PCNA em tumores sebáceos neoplásicos e não neoplásicos de cães

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães e incluem lesões não neoplásicas e neoplásicas, benignas ou malignas. O incremento da avaliação imuno-histoquímica de tumores sebáceos agrega informações quanto à origem e ao grau de malignidade das lesões, assim como seleciona marcadores prognósticos úteis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar por meio da imuno-histoquímica a expressão das proteínas HER-2 e PCNA em tumores sebáceos neoplásicos e não neoplásicos de cães, de diferentes tipos histopatológicos. Foram selecionadas 71 amostras de tumores sebáceos de cães de raças e idades variadas, machos e fêmeas, apresentando um ou mais tumores sebáceos, remetidas ao serviço de Anatomia Patológica Veterinária da UFF. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico e coloração de rotina. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva, teste de Wilcoxon-MannWhitney e teste de qui-quadrado. A idade média dos animais acometidos foi de 10,42 anos. Não houve predileção sexual. Os tumores acometeram com maior frequência os Poodles, os animais sem raça definida (SRD) e os Cocker Spaniels. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplasias (56,4%), e destes, 72,5% eram benignos, sendo o adenoma sebáceo a neoplasia de maior frequência (31%); o diagnóstico não neoplásico mais frequente foi o de hiperplasia sebácea (40,8%). Quanto à localização, as lesões neoplásicas localizaram-se mais frequentemente nas regiões perianal e palpebral, e as não neoplásicas, no tronco e membros. De modo geral, foi observada maior expressão de HER-2 em tumores não neoplásicos e em neoplasias benignas, quando comparados aos epiteliomas e carcinomas sebáceos. Houve maior marcação de PCNA em tumores malignos ou potencialmente malignos. Não foram encontrados estudos prévios utilizando ambos os anticorpos em amostras de tumores sebáceos de cães. Dessa forma, mais estudos são necessários para dar maior clareza quanto à presença desses marcadores na pele e glândula sebácea normais de cães, assim como a utilização dos mesmos como fatores preditivos e prognósticos de tumores sebáceos, auxiliando no diagnóstico e orientação terapêutica.

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs and include non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, benign or malignant. The increase in the immunohistochemical evaluation of sebaceous tumors aggregates information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions, as well as selects useful prognostic markers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histochemical expression of HER-2 and PCNA in neoplastic and non-neoplastic sebaceous tumors of dogs of different histopathological types. Seventy-one samples of sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, male and female, presenting one or more sebaceous tumors, sent to the Veterinary Pathology Service of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Samples passed through histological processing and routine staining. Descriptive statistical analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests were performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.42 years. There was no sexual predilection. Tumors more frequently affected Poodles, mixed-breed dogs and Cocker Spaniels. Most of the tumors were neoplasms (56.4%), and of these, 72.5% were benign. The sebaceous adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (31%), and the most frequent non neoplastic lesion was the sebaceous hyperplasia (40.8%). Regarding localization, neoplastic lesions were found more frequently in perianal and palpebral regions, and non-neoplastic lesions in the trunk and limbs. In general, higher HER-2 expression was observed in non-neoplastic tumors and in benign neoplasms, when compared to epitheliomas and sebaceous carcinomas. There was greater PCNA labelling in malignant or potentially malignant tumors. No previous studies were found using both antibodies in sebaceous tumors samples of dogs. Thus, more studies are needed to provide greater clarity regarding the presence of these markers on the normal skin and sebaceous gland of dogs, as well as their use as predictive and prognostic factors of sebaceous tumors, assisting in diagnosis and therapeutic orientation.

Estudo da expressão imunoistoquímica de marcadores de resistência a múltiplas drogas em cães com linfoma cutâneo

Linfomas pertencem a um grupo de neoplasias em que há proliferação monoclonal de linfócitos malignos, sendo uma das neoplasias mais frequentemente diagnosticadas em cães. Podem ser classificados quanto à forma anatômica em multicêntrico, mediastinal, digestório e extranodal. Dentre os extranodais, os linfomas cutâneos são classificados histologicamente como epiteliotrópicos e não epiteliotrópicos e são predominantemente de imunfenótipo T, com raros casos do tipo B. A principal característica histopatológica do linfoma epiteliotrópico em cães é o tropismo das células neoplásicas pela epiderme, mucosa ou estruturas anexas, enquanto o linfoma não epiteliotrópico é caracterizado pela infiltração dérmica e subcutânea sem invasão das estruturas anexas. Os linfomas cutâneos caninos têm progressão rápida, são considerados bastante agressivos e com mau prognóstico, com baixa taxa de resposta à quimioterapia. Um dos fatores que podem contribuir para isso é a resistência das células a múltiplas drogas e entre esses mecanismos de resistência estão o efluxo de drogas do meio intracelular para o extracelular por meio dos transportadores da família ABC, como a glicoproteína-P, MRP (multiple resistance protein) e BCRP (breast câncer resistance protein) e da LRP (lung resistance protein), uma proteína vault responsável pelo transporte nucleocitoplasmático. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar imunofenotipicamente os linfomas cutâneos, a proliferação celular por meio do marcador Ki67, a expressão das proteínas de resistência glicoproteína-P, MRP, BCRP e LRP e avaliar a relação dessas proteínas com a sobrevida dos animais. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com 21 casos de cães linfomas cutâneos com diagnóstico histopatológico. A técnica de imunoistoquímica foi utilizada para determinar a imunofenotipagem dos linfomas pelos marcadores CD3 e CD20, a proliferação celular por Ki67 e a expressão de glicoproteína-P, MRP, BCRP e LRP. Dos 21 animais, 38% tiveram diagnóstico histopatológico de linfoma epiteliotrópico, 52% eram linfomas não epiteliotrópicos, 5% dos casos de linfoma não tiveram epiteliotropismo definido e 5% foram classificados como neoplasia de células redondas. O imunofenótipo predominante foi CD3+CD20- (76%), 15% dos casos eram CD3-CD20+ e 9% eram CD3+CD20+. A mediana de células marcadas para Ki67 foi de 31%. Com relação aos marcadores de resistência a múltiplas drogas, a mediana da marcação de glicoproteína-P foi de 40%, a de LRP foi de 65% enquanto para MRP e BCRP, 19% e 23%, respectivamente. Os linfomas cutâneos não epiteliotrópicos foram mais frequentes que os epiteliotrópicos e o imunfenótipo predominante foi o T. A ocorrência de linfócitos CD3-CD20+ e CD3+CD20+ indica a necessidade de mais estudos e um painel mais amplo de anticorpos para subtipagem desses linfomas. A glicoproteína-P teve maior expressão nos linfomas não epiteliotrópicos do que nos epiteliotrópicos e não houve correlação entre as proteínas de resistência e o tempo de sobrevida dos animais, sugerindo que, além da biologia da neoplasia, outros mecanismos de resistência a múltiplas drogas diferente dos estudados possam ter um papel relevante na baixa resposta do linfoma cutâneo à quimioterapia.

Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors that develop from monoclonal proliferation of malignant lymphocytes. Lymphoma is the most frequent neoplasia in dogs and can be anatomically classified in multicentric, mediastinal, digestive and extranodal. Cutaneous lymphomas an extranodal type of lymphoma are classified histologically in epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic and are predominantly of T-cell immunophenotype, and rare cases of B cell phenotype. The main histopathological characteristic of epitheliotropic lymphoma in dogs is the tropism of neoplastic cells by the epidermis, mucosa or adjacent structures, while non-epitheliotropic lymphoma is characterized by dermal and subcutaneous infiltration without invasion of adjacent structures. Canine cutaneous lymphomas have rapid progression, are considered very aggressive and have poor prognosis. These dogs, usually have a low rate of response to chemotherapy which can be associated to an antineoplastic resistance. Among mechanisms of resistance are efflux of drugs from intracellular to extracellular through ABC family transporters such as P-glycoprotein, MRP (multple resistance protein) and BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein) and LRP (lung resistance protein), a vault protein responsible for nucleocytoplasmic transport. The aim of this study was to characterize immunophenotypically cutaneous lymphomas, measure cell proliferation using the Ki67 marker, the expression of resistance proteins Pglycoprotein, MRP, BCRP and LRP and to evaluate the relationship of these proteins with the survival of the animals. A retrospective study was performed with 21 cases of dogs with cutaneous lymphoma with histopathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemical was used to immunophenotyping of lymphomas by CD3 and CD20 markers, Ki67 cell proliferation, and P-glycoprotein, MRP, BCRP and LRP expression. Of the 21 animals, 38% had histopathological diagnosis of epitheliotropic lymphoma, 52% were non-epitheliotropic lymphomas, 5% of lymphoma cases had no definition and 5% were classified as round cell neoplasia. The predominant immunophenotype was CD3+CD20- (76%), 15% of the cases were CD3-CD20 + and 9% were CD3 + CD20 +. The median of cells labeled for Ki67 was 31%. Regarding the markers of resistance to multiple drugs, the median of the P-glycoprotein label was 40%, which 65% of LRP while for MRP and BCRP, 19% and 23%, respectively. Non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphomas were more frequent than epitheliotropic lymphomas and the predominant immunophenotype was T. The occurrence of CD3- CD20+ and CD3+CD20+ lymphocytes indicates the need for further studies and a wider panel of antibodies for subtyping these lymphomas. P-glycoprotein had higher expression in non-epitheliotropic lymphomas than in epitheliotropic lymphomas and there was no correlation between resistance proteins and survival time of the animals, suggesting that in addition to the biology of neoplasia other mechanisms of resistance to multiple drugs different from those studied may play a relevant role in the low response of cutaneous lymphoma to chemotherapy

Cutaneous tumors in dogs - A retrospective study of ten years

In this study were used 662 samples of skin tumors, from 644 dogs, originating from regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1998 and January 2008. The samples were obtained from necropsies (1.66%) and surgical excision (98.33 %). Twenty-three different types of skin tumors were diagnosed, with some animals affected (1.70%) by more than one morphological type. The mesenchymal tumors were categorized into eight different histological types with great occurrence (53.92%) followed by epithelial tumors (12 types; 35.04%), melanocytic tumors (one type; 6.64%) and hematopoietic tumors (two types; 4.38%). Mastocytoma, histiocytoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma and melanocytoma were the most common tumors, accounting for just over 50% of all the cutaneous neoplasia. There were 53,27% of females and 46.73% of males; 72.81% of the dogs were purebred, while 27.19% were mongrels. The malignant tumors (59.51%) were more frequent than the benign tumors (40.49%). The occurrences of epithelial, mesenchymal and melanocytic tumors were statistically greater among dogs aged six to eleven years. Hematopoietic tumors were more frequent among animals aged zero to eight years. These results are important for small-animal clinics. They serve as a further tool to direct the diagnosing of cutaneous neoplasia in dogs as rapidly and precisely as possible.

Estudo retrospectivo de 761 tumores cutâneos em cães

The biopsy files in dogs from the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, from 1964 to 2003, were reviewed for skin tumors. In the 703 files, 570 (81.0%) it was reported that the dog had only one skin tumor and in 133 (19.0%), more than one tumor was described in the skin. Six hundred and fifty four (93.1%) dogs had only one histologic type of tumor and 41 (5.8%) had two tumors of different histologic types. In seven (1.0%) dogs there were three tumors of different histologic types and in one (0.1%) four histologically unrelated tumors were diagnosed, performing 761 tumors. Out of the total of 761 skin tumors found, 673 (88.4%) were neoplastic and 88 (11.6%) were non-neoplastic. The 15 more frequently found tumors, in decreasing order of frequency, were: mast cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, perianal adenoma, lipoma, trichoblastoma, perianal carcinoma, papilloma, follicular cysts, hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, melanoma, sebaceous adenoma, histiocytoma, nodular sebaceous hyperplasia and fibroma.

Os arquivos de biópsias de cães realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria entre 1964 e 2003 foram revisados à procura de tumores cutâneos. Dos 703 registros encontrados, em 570 (81,0%) estava descrito que o cão apresentava apenas um tumor na pele e, em 133 (19,0%), que o cão apresentava mais de um tumor. Seiscentos e cinqüenta e quatro (93,1%) cães apresentavam apenas um tipo histológico de tumor e 41 (5,8%) apresentavam dois tumores histologicamente distintos. Em sete (1,0%) cães, havia três tumores diferentes e em um (0,1%) cão foram diagnosticados quatro tumores não relacionados, finalizando um total de 761 tumores. Dos 761 tumores cutâneos encontrados, 673 (88,4%) eram neoplásicos e 88 (11,6%) eram não-neoplásicos. Os 15 tumores mais prevalentes em ordem decrescente de freqüência foram: mastocitoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, adenoma perianal, lipoma, tricoblastoma, carcinoma perianal, papiloma, cistos foliculares, hemangioma, hemangiossarcoma, melanoma, adenoma sebáceo, histiocitoma, hiperplasia sebácea nodular e fibroma.

Estudo retrospectivo de 761 tumores cutâneos em cães

The biopsy files in dogs from the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, from 1964 to 2003, were reviewed for skin tumors. In the 703 files, 570 (81.0%) it was reported that the dog had only one skin tumor and in 133 (19.0%), more than one tumor was described in the skin. Six hundred and fifty four (93.1%) dogs had only one histologic type of tumor and 41 (5.8%) had two tumors of different histologic types. In seven (1.0%) dogs there were three tumors of different histologic types and in one (0.1%) four histologically unrelated tumors were diagnosed, performing 761 tumors. Out of the total of 761 skin tumors found, 673 (88.4%) were neoplastic and 88 (11.6%) were non-neoplastic. The 15 more frequently found tumors, in decreasing order of frequency, were: mast cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, perianal adenoma, lipoma, trichoblastoma, perianal carcinoma, papilloma, follicular cysts, hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, melanoma, sebaceous adenoma, histiocytoma, nodular sebaceous hyperplasia and fibroma.

Os arquivos de biópsias de cães realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria entre 1964 e 2003 foram revisados à procura de tumores cutâneos. Dos 703 registros encontrados, em 570 (81,0%) estava descrito que o cão apresentava apenas um tumor na pele e, em 133 (19,0%), que o cão apresentava mais de um tumor. Seiscentos e cinqüenta e quatro (93,1%) cães apresentavam apenas um tipo histológico de tumor e 41 (5,8%) apresentavam dois tumores histologicamente distintos. Em sete (1,0%) cães, havia três tumores diferentes e em um (0,1%) cão foram diagnosticados quatro tumores não relacionados, finalizando um total de 761 tumores. Dos 761 tumores cutâneos encontrados, 673 (88,4%) eram neoplásicos e 88 (11,6%) eram não-neoplásicos. Os 15 tumores mais prevalentes em ordem decrescente de freqüência foram: mastocitoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, adenoma perianal, lipoma, tricoblastoma, carcinoma perianal, papiloma, cistos foliculares, hemangioma, hemangiossarcoma, melanoma, adenoma sebáceo, histiocitoma, hiperplasia sebácea nodular e fibroma.

Cutaneous tumors in dogs - A retrospective study of ten years

In this study were used 662 samples of skin tumors, from 644 dogs, originating from regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1998 and January 2008. The samples were obtained from necropsies (1.66%) and surgical excision (98.33 %). Twenty-three different types of skin tumors were diagnosed, with some animals affected (1.70%) by more than one morphological type. The mesenchymal tumors were categorized into eight different histological types with great occurrence (53.92%) followed by epithelial tumors (12 types; 35.04%), melanocytic tumors (one type; 6.64%) and hematopoietic tumors (two types; 4.38%). Mastocytoma, histiocytoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma and melanocytoma were the most common tumors, accounting for just over 50% of all the cutaneous neoplasia. There were 53,27% of females and 46.73% of males; 72.81% of the dogs were purebred, while 27.19% were mongrels. The malignant tumors (59.51%) were more frequent than the benign tumors (40.49%). The occurrences of epithelial, mesenchymal and melanocytic tumors were statistically greater among dogs aged six to eleven years. Hematopoietic tumors were more frequent among animals aged zero to eight years. These results are important for small-animal clinics. They serve as a further tool to direct the diagnosing of cutaneous neoplasia in dogs as rapidly and precisely as possible.

Estudo retrospectivo de 761 tumores cutâneos em cães / Retrospective study on 761 canine skin tumors

Os protocolos de biópsia de cães realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria entre 1964 e 2003 foram revisados a procura de tumores cutâneos. Foram encontrados 703 protocolos distribuídos da seguinte maneira: 25 (1964-1973), 48 (1974-1983), 161 (1984- 1993) e 469 (1994-2003). Desses, em 36 (5,1%) o sexo não foi informado. Dos 667 cães que tinham o sexo descrito nos protocolos, 377 (56,5%) eram machos e 290 (43,5%) eram fêmeas, ou seja, uma relação macho:fêmea de 1,3. Do total de 703 cães, 44 (6,2%) não tiveram suas idades anotadas nos protocolos. Dos 659 cães em que a idade foi informada, 30 (4,5%) foram incluídos como filhotes, 260 (39,5%) como adultos e 369 (56,0%) como idosos. Nos 703 protocolos encontrados, em 570 (81,0%) estava descrito que o cão apresentava apenas um tumor na pele e, em 133 (19,0%), que o cão tinha mais de um tumor. Seiscentos e cinqüenta e quatro (93,1%) cães tinham apenas um tipo histológico de tumor e 41 (5,8%) apresentavam dois tumores histologicamente distintos. Em sete (1,0%) cães havia três tumores diferentes e em um (0,1%) cão foi diagnosticado quatro tumores não relacionados, finalizando um total de 761 tumores. Do total de 761 tumores cutâneos encontrados, 673 (88,4%) eram neoplásicos e 88 (11,6%) eram não-neoplásicos. Dentre os 673 tumores neoplásicos descritos, 294 (43,7%) eram epiteliais, 344 (51,1%) eram mesenquimais e 35 (5,2%) eram melanocíticos. Dos 294 tumores epiteliais, 171 (58,2%) eram benignos e 123 (41,8%) eram malignos. Dos 344 tumores mesenquimais, 133 (38,7%) eram benignos e 211 (61,3%) eram malignos. Dos 35 tumores melanocíticos, 10 (28,6%) eram benignos e 25 (71,4%) eram malignos. Dessa forma, do total de 761 tumores cutâneos descritos neste levantamento, 402 (52,8%) eram proliferações benignas e 359 (47,2%) eram malignas. Os 15 principais tumores encontrados em ordem decrescente de freqüência foram: mastocitoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, adenoma perianal, lipoma, tricoblastoma, carcinoma perianal, papiloma, cistos foliculares, hemangioma, hemangiossarcoma, melanoma, adenoma sebáceo, histiocitoma, hiperplasia sebácea nodular e fibroma

The files of biopsies performed in dogs in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, from 1964 to 2003 were reviewed for skin tumors. The 703 files with skin tumors found were distributed as follows: 25 (1964-1973), 48 (1974-1983), 161 (1984-1993) e 469 (1994-2003). In 36 (5,1%) dogs the sex was not specified. Out of the 667 dogs in which the sex was specified in the file, 377 (56,5%) were males and 290 (43,5%) were females, i.e., a ratio male:female of 1,3. In 44 of the 703 files (6,2%), the ages of the dogs were not informed. Of those (659 dogs) with an age informed in the file, 30 (4,5%) were classified as puppies, 260 (39,5%) as adults and 369 (56,0%) as aged. In the 703 files, 570 (81,0%) it was described that the dog had only one skin tumor and in 133 (19,0%), more than one tumor was described the skin. Six hundred and fifty four (93,1%) dogs had only one histologic type of tumor and 41 (5,8%) had two tumors of different histologic types. In seven (1,0%) dogs there were three tumors of different histologic type and in one (0,1%) four histologically unrelated tumors were diagnosed, totaling, 761 tumors. Out of the total of 761 skin tumors found, 673 (88,4%) were neoplastic and 88 (11,6%) were non-neoplastic. Out of the 673 neoplastic tumors, 294 (43,7%) were epithelial, 344 (51,1%) were mesenchymal and 35 (5,2%) were melanocytic. Out of the 294 epithelial tumors, 171 (58,2%) were benign and 123 (41,8%) were malign; of the 344 mesenchymal tumors, 133 (38,7%) were benign and 211 (61,3%) were malign; and of the 35 melanocytic tumors, 10 (28,6%) were benign and 25 (71,4%) were malign. Thus, out of the total of 761 skin tumors found in this survey, 402 (52,8%) were benign growths and 359 (47,2%) were malign. The 15 more frequently found tumors, in decreasing order of frequency, were mast cell tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, perianal adenoma, lipoma, trichoblastoma, perianal carcinoma, papilloma, follicular cysts, hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, melanoma, sebaceous adenoma, histiocytoma, nodular sebaceous hyperplasia and fibroma