Trellis systems, rootstocks and season influence on the phenolic composition of 'Chenin Blanc' grape

The biosynthesis of phenolic compounds might be influenced by environmental factors, such as solar radiation, temperature and relative air humidity, and production system. Some components of the production system, particularly the trellis system and rootstock, might change the phenolic composition of grapes due to microclimate of the cultivation region. In this study, the phenolic profile of Chenin Blanc grapes was characterized with different trellis systems and rootstocks in two consecutive production cycles by using high-performance liquid chromatography under tropical semi-arid conditions. In the second production cycle (Jan-May/2016), accumulation of (-) - epicatechin gallate and (-) - epigallocatechin gallate was higher when vigorous rootstocks were trellised to the lyre system, whereas the lyre system associated to rootstock SO4 resulted in higher rutin accumulation in the same cycle. There was little influence of the factors studied on trans-resveratrol and piceatannol accumulation. However, a higher accumulation of piceatannol was observed in the second productive cycle compared to cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol. This study highlights that accumulation of phenolic compounds is influenced not only by environmental factors typical of the production year season, but also by the trellis system and rootstock adopted. The identification of phenolic compounds in the accumulation stimulated by the combination of trellis system, rootstock, and production season allows to differentiate grape quality and add value to products derived from such combination in a tropical semi-arid region.

Trellis systems, rootstocks and season influence on the phenolic composition of 'Chenin Blanc' grape

The biosynthesis of phenolic compounds might be influenced by environmental factors, such as solar radiation, temperature and relative air humidity, and production system. Some components of the production system, particularly the trellis system and rootstock, might change the phenolic composition of grapes due to microclimate of the cultivation region. In this study, the phenolic profile of Chenin Blanc grapes was characterized with different trellis systems and rootstocks in two consecutive production cycles by using high-performance liquid chromatography under tropical semi-arid conditions. In the second production cycle (Jan-May/2016), accumulation of (-) - epicatechin gallate and (-) - epigallocatechin gallate was higher when vigorous rootstocks were trellised to the lyre system, whereas the lyre system associated to rootstock SO4 resulted in higher rutin accumulation in the same cycle. There was little influence of the factors studied on trans-resveratrol and piceatannol accumulation. However, a higher accumulation of piceatannol was observed in the second productive cycle compared to cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol. This study highlights that accumulation of phenolic compounds is influenced not only by environmental factors typical of the production year season, but also by the trellis system and rootstock adopted. The identification of phenolic compounds in the accumulation stimulated by the combination of trellis system, rootstock, and production season allows to differentiate grape quality and add value to products derived from such combination in a tropical semi-arid region.(AU)

A utilização de agrotóxicos e a responsabilização civil: o caso de vitivinicultura em Jaguari - RS

The present work refers to the environmental civil responsibility in the municipal scope, after the approval of Law 3,163 in the Municipal entity in the year 2017, in the production of grapes and their derivatives. The research has as question: is it possible the civil responsibility for the use of pesticides based on the case of viticulture in Jaguari - RS? The methodology was based on bibliographic research and the deductive method. As a method of procedure, the screen survey was used to bibliographical and documentary analysis on the subject. As data collection technique, the production of extended abstracts and files was chosen. The division of the scientific article was made as follows: the first division refers to the constitutionalisation of environmental law, before and after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988; already, the second topic is studied about the concept, brief history and application of pesticides in the Brazilian legal regime; the third item examines the civil liability of agents causing ecological damage by agrochemicals, and its legal treatment in the sphere of the Municipality of Jaguari, in the cultivation of viticulture. From the study of the proposed theme, it is possible to conclude that agents could be held accountable, from the professional who prescribed the agricultural defensive to the owner or not of the polluted area, reimbursing those who suffered the environmental damage, besides the State's liability to damages present and future that may result from environmental damage, as well as adequate compensation or restoration of the degraded area as close as possible to the original.

O presente trabalho refere-se sobre a responsabilidade civil ambiental no âmbito municipal, após a aprovação da Lei 3.163 no ente Municipal no ano de 2017, na produção de uvas e seus derivados. A pesquisa tem como questionamento: é possível a responsabilização civil pelo uso de agrotóxicos com base no caso de vitivinicultura em Jaguari RS? A metodologia utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e do método dedutivo. Como método de procedimento, na pesquisa em tela foi utilizado à análise bibliográfica e documental acerca da temática. Como técnica de coleta de dados optou-se pela produção de fichamentos e resumos estendidos. A divisão do artigo científico foi feito da seguinte maneira: a primeira divisão refere-se a constitucionalização do direito ambiental, antes e após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988; já, o segundo tópico estuda-se sobre o conceito, breve histórico e aplicação dos agrotóxicos no regime jurídico brasileiro; o terceiro item examina a responsabilidade civil dos agentes causadores de danos ecológicos pelos agrotóxicos, e seu tratamento jurídico na esfera do Município de Jaguari, no cultivo da vitivinicultura. A partir do estudo do tema proposto, conclui-se a possível responsabilização dos agentes, desde o profissional que receitou o defensivo agrícola até o proprietário ou não da área poluída, sendo ressarcido aqueles que sofreram a lesão ambiental, além da responsabilização pelo Estado a danos presentes e futuros que poderão advir do dano ambiental, além de indenização cabível ou restauração da área degradada ao mais próximo possível do original.

A utilização de agrotóxicos e a responsabilização civil: o caso de vitivinicultura em Jaguari - RS

The present work refers to the environmental civil responsibility in the municipal scope, after the approval of Law 3,163 in the Municipal entity in the year 2017, in the production of grapes and their derivatives. The research has as question: is it possible the civil responsibility for the use of pesticides based on the case of viticulture in Jaguari - RS? The methodology was based on bibliographic research and the deductive method. As a method of procedure, the screen survey was used to bibliographical and documentary analysis on the subject. As data collection technique, the production of extended abstracts and files was chosen. The division of the scientific article was made as follows: the first division refers to the constitutionalisation of environmental law, before and after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988; already, the second topic is studied about the concept, brief history and application of pesticides in the Brazilian legal regime; the third item examines the civil liability of agents causing ecological damage by agrochemicals, and its legal treatment in the sphere of the Municipality of Jaguari, in the cultivation of viticulture. From the study of the proposed theme, it is possible to conclude that agents could be held accountable, from the professional who prescribed the agricultural defensive to the owner or not of the polluted area, reimbursing those who suffered the environmental damage, besides the State's liability to damages present and future that may result from environmental damage, as well as adequate compensation or restoration of the degraded area as close as possible to the original.(AU)

O presente trabalho refere-se sobre a responsabilidade civil ambiental no âmbito municipal, após a aprovação da Lei 3.163 no ente Municipal no ano de 2017, na produção de uvas e seus derivados. A pesquisa tem como questionamento: é possível a responsabilização civil pelo uso de agrotóxicos com base no caso de vitivinicultura em Jaguari RS? A metodologia utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e do método dedutivo. Como método de procedimento, na pesquisa em tela foi utilizado à análise bibliográfica e documental acerca da temática. Como técnica de coleta de dados optou-se pela produção de fichamentos e resumos estendidos. A divisão do artigo científico foi feito da seguinte maneira: a primeira divisão refere-se a constitucionalização do direito ambiental, antes e após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988; já, o segundo tópico estuda-se sobre o conceito, breve histórico e aplicação dos agrotóxicos no regime jurídico brasileiro; o terceiro item examina a responsabilidade civil dos agentes causadores de danos ecológicos pelos agrotóxicos, e seu tratamento jurídico na esfera do Município de Jaguari, no cultivo da vitivinicultura. A partir do estudo do tema proposto, conclui-se a possível responsabilização dos agentes, desde o profissional que receitou o defensivo agrícola até o proprietário ou não da área poluída, sendo ressarcido aqueles que sofreram a lesão ambiental, além da responsabilização pelo Estado a danos presentes e futuros que poderão advir do dano ambiental, além de indenização cabível ou restauração da área degradada ao mais próximo possível do original.(AU)

Physicochemical composition of Bordô wines from Flores da Cunha, RS, made with grapes matured in low rain conditions / Composição físico-química do vinho Bordô de Flores da Cunha, RS, elaborado com uvas maturadas em condições de baixa precipitação

The Bordô, after Isabel, is the table wine presenting the greater economic importance in the Serra Gaúcha region, because there is a segment of the market that likes its characteristics, specially its fruity flavor, color intensity, and violet hue. Due to these aspects and to the very dry climatic conditions in the 2005 summer, where rain represented 38% of the climatological normal, Bordô wines were analyzed from the commune of Flores da Cunha, RS, Brazil, one of the most important producers of the Serra Gaúcha region. Analyzed wines were varietal ones and made according to the technology of each winery. Thirty nine variables were evaluated and the average parameters of the most expressive ones were the following: alcohol 10.58% v/v; total acidity 91meq L-1; volatile acidity 7.3meq L-1; pH 3.21; dry extract 24.24g L-1; reducing sugars 2.90g L-1; reduced dry extract 22.34g L-1; ashes 2.09g L-1; tartaric acid 5.35g L-1; A 420 0.480; A 520 1.296; A 620 0.184; tannins 1.41g L-1; anthocianins 778.8mg L-1; ethanal 14.9mg L-1; ethyl acetate 59.3mg L-1; methanol 290.9mg L-1; 1-propanol 24.9mg L-1; 2-mehyL-1-propanol 40.6mg L-1; 2-methyL-1-butanol 45.9mg L-1; 3-methyL-1-butanol 149.1mg L-1; sum of higher alcohols 260.5mg L-1; and K 953mg L-1.(AU)

O Bordô é, depois do Isabel, o vinho de mesa de maior importância econômica na Serra Gaúcha, pois existe um considerável segmento de mercado que o aprecia, especialmente por seu sabor frutado e por sua cor intensa e matiz violeta. Devido a isso e às condições de estiagem que ocorreram no verão de 2005, quando as chuvas corresponderam a 38% da normal climatológica, analisaram-se vinhos Bordô do município de Flores da Cunha, RS, um dos mais importantes produtores da Serra Gaúcha. Os vinhos analisados eram varietalmente puros e elaborados segundo a tecnologia de cada vinícola. Avaliaram-se 39 variáveis, das quais os resultados mais expressivos foram os seguintes: álcool 10,58% v/v; acidez total 91meq L-1; acidez volátil 7,3meq L-1; pH 3,21; extrato seco 24,24g L-1; açúcares redutores 2,90g L-1; extrato seco reduzido 22,34g L-1; cinzas 2,09g L-1; ácido tartárico 5,35g L-1; DO 420 0,480; DO 520 1,296; DO 620 0,184; taninos 1,41g L-1; antocianinas 778,8mg L-1; etanal 14,9mg L-1; acetato de etila 59,3mg L-1; metanol 290,9mg L-1; 1-propanol 24,9mg L-1; 2-metiL-1-propanol 40,6mg L-1; 2-metiL-1-butanol 45,9mg L-1; 3-metiL-1-butanol 149,1mg L-1; soma dos álcoois superiores 260,5mg L-1; e K 953mg L-1.(AU)

Physicochemical composition of Bordô wines from Flores da Cunha, RS, made with grapes matured in low rain conditions / Composição físico-química do vinho Bordô de Flores da Cunha, RS, elaborado com uvas maturadas em condições de baixa precipitação

The Bordô, after Isabel, is the table wine presenting the greater economic importance in the Serra Gaúcha region, because there is a segment of the market that likes its characteristics, specially its fruity flavor, color intensity, and violet hue. Due to these aspects and to the very dry climatic conditions in the 2005 summer, where rain represented 38% of the climatological normal, Bordô wines were analyzed from the commune of Flores da Cunha, RS, Brazil, one of the most important producers of the Serra Gaúcha region. Analyzed wines were varietal ones and made according to the technology of each winery. Thirty nine variables were evaluated and the average parameters of the most expressive ones were the following: alcohol 10.58% v/v; total acidity 91meq L-1; volatile acidity 7.3meq L-1; pH 3.21; dry extract 24.24g L-1; reducing sugars 2.90g L-1; reduced dry extract 22.34g L-1; ashes 2.09g L-1; tartaric acid 5.35g L-1; A 420 0.480; A 520 1.296; A 620 0.184; tannins 1.41g L-1; anthocianins 778.8mg L-1; ethanal 14.9mg L-1; ethyl acetate 59.3mg L-1; methanol 290.9mg L-1; 1-propanol 24.9mg L-1; 2-mehyL-1-propanol 40.6mg L-1; 2-methyL-1-butanol 45.9mg L-1; 3-methyL-1-butanol 149.1mg L-1; sum of higher alcohols 260.5mg L-1; and K 953mg L-1.

O Bordô é, depois do Isabel, o vinho de mesa de maior importância econômica na Serra Gaúcha, pois existe um considerável segmento de mercado que o aprecia, especialmente por seu sabor frutado e por sua cor intensa e matiz violeta. Devido a isso e às condições de estiagem que ocorreram no verão de 2005, quando as chuvas corresponderam a 38% da normal climatológica, analisaram-se vinhos Bordô do município de Flores da Cunha, RS, um dos mais importantes produtores da Serra Gaúcha. Os vinhos analisados eram varietalmente puros e elaborados segundo a tecnologia de cada vinícola. Avaliaram-se 39 variáveis, das quais os resultados mais expressivos foram os seguintes: álcool 10,58% v/v; acidez total 91meq L-1; acidez volátil 7,3meq L-1; pH 3,21; extrato seco 24,24g L-1; açúcares redutores 2,90g L-1; extrato seco reduzido 22,34g L-1; cinzas 2,09g L-1; ácido tartárico 5,35g L-1; DO 420 0,480; DO 520 1,296; DO 620 0,184; taninos 1,41g L-1; antocianinas 778,8mg L-1; etanal 14,9mg L-1; acetato de etila 59,3mg L-1; metanol 290,9mg L-1; 1-propanol 24,9mg L-1; 2-metiL-1-propanol 40,6mg L-1; 2-metiL-1-butanol 45,9mg L-1; 3-metiL-1-butanol 149,1mg L-1; soma dos álcoois superiores 260,5mg L-1; e K 953mg L-1.