Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amaral’s boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...

Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amarals boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...(AU)

Avaliação do uso de amicacina para tratamento de estomatite, causada por Proteus sp, em jiboia / Evaluation the use of amicacin for treatment of stomatitis, caused by Proteus sp, in Jiboia

The present study reports the occurrence of stomatitis caused by Proteus sp. in jiboia. Stomatitis is a pathology that affects snakes and is usually related to stress, or secondary to other diseases. Clinical signs are usually anorexia, oral edema, excessive mucus production, and formation of cases. Proteus sp., is a common anaerobic bacterium of the snake microbiota and has been described in several cases of stomatitis. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, culture examination, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. An antibiotic therapy with amikacin was then performed to treat the disease. Animal has obtained clinical cure and can confirm the success of the therapy used.

Resistência aos antimicrobianos de bactérias obtidas de carpas (Cyprinus carpio) cultivadas em sistema semi-intensivo / Antimicrobial drugs resistance of bacteria from carp (Cyprinus carpio) raised in a semi- intensive system

Objetivando determinar o perfil de sensibilidade às drogas antimicrobianas de bactérias presentes em carpas, foi utilizado o teste de sensibilidade de difusão em disco Kirb Bauer modificado. Foram avaliados 60 isolados bacterianos, analisados e encontrados os seguintes gêneros: Staphylococcus spp. (27), Streptococcus spp. (03), Aeromonas spp. (15), Proteus spp. (04), Acinetobacter spp. (05), Pseudomonas spp. (01) e Enterobacteriaceae (05). O perfil de sensibilidade observado foi de: amicacina (35%), amoxicilina (65%), apramicina (32%), ceftiofur (37%), doxicilina (32%), enrofloxacina (15%), josamicina (75%), lincomicina (37%), nitrofurantoina (60%), ácido nalidíxico (32%), novobiocina (82%), penicilina (70%) e sulfozotrim (40%). O índice de resistência múltipla às drogas antimicrobianas médio variou de 0,33 para Streptococcus spp até 0,71 para bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae. Dessa forma, o maior perfil de resistência às drogas antimicrobianas testadas foi observado para novobiocina, enquanto que o menor foi observado para a enrofloxacina. Os isolados bacterianos obtidos de carpas apresentaram resistência múltipla às drogas testadas, sendo três isolados resistentes a todos os antimicrobianos testados.

The present work has the purpose to determine the susceptibility pattern to antimicrobial drugs of bacteria isolates from carps, using Kirb Bauer modified disk diffusion test. We analyzed 60 bacterial isolates from these groups: Staphylococcus spp. (27), Streptococcus spp. (03), Aeromonas spp. (15), Proteus spp. (04), Acinetobacter spp. (05), Pseudomonas spp. (01) and Enterobacteriaceae (05). The percentual of susceptibility was: amikacine (35%), amoxyciline (65%), apramycin (32%), ceftiofur (37%), doxycyline (32%), enrofloxacin (15%), josamycin (75%), lyncomicin (37%), nitrofurantoin (60%), nalidixic acid (32%), novobiocin (82%), penicillin (70%) and trimethoprim: sulfamethoxazole (40%). The multiple resistance ratios to antimicrobial drugs were from 0.33 to Streptococcus spp. to 0.71 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Thus, the highest resistance profile of the antimicrobial drugs tested was observed for novobiocin, while the lowest was observed for enrofloxacin. Bacterial isolates from carp showed multiple resistance to the drugs tested, with three isolates resistant to all tested antimicrobials.

Resistência aos antimicrobianos de bactérias obtidas de carpas (Cyprinus carpio) cultivadas em sistema semi-intensivo / Antimicrobial drugs resistance of bacteria from carp (Cyprinus carpio) raised in a semi- intensive system

Objetivando determinar o perfil de sensibilidade às drogas antimicrobianas de bactérias presentes em carpas, foi utilizado o teste de sensibilidade de difusão em disco Kirb Bauer modificado. Foram avaliados 60 isolados bacterianos, analisados e encontrados os seguintes gêneros: Staphylococcus spp. (27), Streptococcus spp. (03), Aeromonas spp. (15), Proteus spp. (04), Acinetobacter spp. (05), Pseudomonas spp. (01) e Enterobacteriaceae (05). O perfil de sensibilidade observado foi de: amicacina (35%), amoxicilina (65%), apramicina (32%), ceftiofur (37%), doxicilina (32%), enrofloxacina (15%), josamicina (75%), lincomicina (37%), nitrofurantoina (60%), ácido nalidíxico (32%), novobiocina (82%), penicilina (70%) e sulfozotrim (40%). O índice de resistência múltipla às drogas antimicrobianas médio variou de 0,33 para Streptococcus spp até 0,71 para bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae. Dessa forma, o maior perfil de resistência às drogas antimicrobianas testadas foi observado para novobiocina, enquanto que o menor foi observado para a enrofloxacina. Os isolados bacterianos obtidos de carpas apresentaram resistência múltipla às drogas testadas, sendo três isolados resistentes a todos os antimicrobianos testados.(AU)

The present work has the purpose to determine the susceptibility pattern to antimicrobial drugs of bacteria isolates from carps, using Kirb Bauer modified disk diffusion test. We analyzed 60 bacterial isolates from these groups: Staphylococcus spp. (27), Streptococcus spp. (03), Aeromonas spp. (15), Proteus spp. (04), Acinetobacter spp. (05), Pseudomonas spp. (01) and Enterobacteriaceae (05). The percentual of susceptibility was: amikacine (35%), amoxyciline (65%), apramycin (32%), ceftiofur (37%), doxycyline (32%), enrofloxacin (15%), josamycin (75%), lyncomicin (37%), nitrofurantoin (60%), nalidixic acid (32%), novobiocin (82%), penicillin (70%) and trimethoprim: sulfamethoxazole (40%). The multiple resistance ratios to antimicrobial drugs were from 0.33 to Streptococcus spp. to 0.71 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Thus, the highest resistance profile of the antimicrobial drugs tested was observed for novobiocin, while the lowest was observed for enrofloxacin. Bacterial isolates from carp showed multiple resistance to the drugs tested, with three isolates resistant to all tested antimicrobials.(AU)

Avaliação do uso de amicacina para tratamento de estomatite, causada por Proteus sp, em jiboia / Evaluation the use of amicacin for treatment of stomatitis, caused by Proteus sp, in Jiboia

The present study reports the occurrence of stomatitis caused by Proteus sp. in jiboia. Stomatitis is a pathology that affects snakes and is usually related to stress, or secondary to other diseases. Clinical signs are usually anorexia, oral edema, excessive mucus production, and formation of cases. Proteus sp., is a common anaerobic bacterium of the snake microbiota and has been described in several cases of stomatitis. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, culture examination, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. An antibiotic therapy with amikacin was then performed to treat the disease. Animal has obtained clinical cure and can confirm the success of the therapy used.(AU)

Systemic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dog

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infections affecting mainly immunosuppressed patients. In Veterinary Medicine, infections caused by P. aeruginosa are becoming increasingly frequent; infections are related to intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms, which limit the choice of effective agents. Case: This study describes the case of a four-month-old male Pitt Bull dog treated at the Small Animal Internal Medicine service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Health and Rural Technology Center of Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos/Paraíba. The patient presented with apathy, inappetence, moderate dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperthermia, pale mucosae, small lesions in the pelvic limbs, with edema and subsequent widespread petechiae. Treatment with intravenous fluid therapy using 0.9% NaCl with B-complex vitamins, and 20 mg/kg cephalexin every 12 h was established. The patient did not respond well to treatment, and died two days later. Necropsy was performed at the Veterinary Pathology sector of the Hospital and histopathological findings revealed focally extensive areas of necrosis associated to myriads of bacteria and mild mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the liver, heart and kidneys. Secretions and organ fragments were submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of the same institution, which [...]

Systemic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dog

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen frequently associated with nosocomial infections affecting mainly immunosuppressed patients. In Veterinary Medicine, infections caused by P. aeruginosa are becoming increasingly frequent; infections are related to intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms, which limit the choice of effective agents. Case: This study describes the case of a four-month-old male Pitt Bull dog treated at the Small Animal Internal Medicine service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Health and Rural Technology Center of Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos/Paraíba. The patient presented with apathy, inappetence, moderate dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperthermia, pale mucosae, small lesions in the pelvic limbs, with edema and subsequent widespread petechiae. Treatment with intravenous fluid therapy using 0.9% NaCl with B-complex vitamins, and 20 mg/kg cephalexin every 12 h was established. The patient did not respond well to treatment, and died two days later. Necropsy was performed at the Veterinary Pathology sector of the Hospital and histopathological findings revealed focally extensive areas of necrosis associated to myriads of bacteria and mild mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the liver, heart and kidneys. Secretions and organ fragments were submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of the same institution, which [...](AU)

Nocardiose cutânea em felino: relato de caso / Feline cutaneous nocardiosis: case report

A nocardiose cutânea é uma condição supurativa a piogranulomatosa, que ocorre após penetração do agente em ferimentos napele que foram expostas a água ou ao solo contaminado. A doença se manifesta com formação de abscessos localizados, comfístulas e úlceras necróticas que drenam uma secreção serossanguinolenta, atingindo membros ou abdômen. É rara em gatos, enestes, a maior parte se deve a infecção por Nocardia asteroides. Este relato objetivou descrever o diagnóstico clínico e laboratorialde um felino doméstico com diagnóstico microbiológico de Nocardia asteroides, descrevendo o tratamento preconizado combase no antibiograma. Uma gata castrada, sem raça definida (SRD), com cinco anos de idade, desenvolveu lesão cutânea emforma de tratos fistulosos drenando secreção piossanguinolenta sob a região frontal da face, membros torácicos e abscesso emmembro pélvico, além de inapetência, emagrecimento e apatia. Havia sido tratada anteriormente de forma empírica para infecçãobacteriana com enrofloxacina, seguida de cefalexina após identificação bacteriana de Staphylococcus spp. Realizou-se coleta doexsudato para fins de cultura e antibiograma. O diagnóstico foi de nocardiose e o agente identificado como Nocardia asteroidese os micro-organismos foram sensíveis apenas a amicacina, neomicina e canamicina. Foi instituído tratamento com amicacina(10 mg/kg, a cada 12 horas), passando após sete dias a ser administrado a cada 24 horas devido a cilindrúria constatada atravésde urinálise. A remissão dos sinais ocorreu com 20 dias de uso contínuo do antibiótico, o qual foi mantido por mais três semanassem outras complicações com resolução da cilindrúria.(AU)

The cutaneous nocardiosis is a suppurative to pyogranulomatous condition that occurs after penetration of the agent on woundsin the skin that were exposed to contaminated water or soil. The disease is manifested with formation of localized abscess, withnecrotic fistula and ulcers that draining a serosanguineous secretion, reaching limbs or abdomen. It is rare in cats, and in these, themost are due to infection by Nocardia asteroides. This report aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of a domesticfeline with microbiological diagnosis of Nocardia asteroides, describing the recommended treatment based on antibiogram. A spayedfemale cat, mongrel, with five years of age, developed cutaneous lesions in the form of fistulous tracts draining piosanguinolentasecretion on the frontal region of the face, forelimb and abscess in hind limb, and loss of appetite, weight loss and apathy. It hadpreviously been treated empirically for bacterial infections with enrofloxacin, followed by cephalexin after bacterial identification ofStaphylococcus spp. Held collection of exudate for culture and antibiogram. It was diagnosed nocardiosis and the identified agentas Nocardia asteroides and microrganisms were sensitive only to amikacin, kanamycin and neomycin. Treatment with amikacin (10mg / kg every 12 hours) was introduced, and seven days after being administered once every 24 hours due to cilindruria detectedby urinalysis. The remission of the signs occurred 20 days of continuous use of the antibiotics, which was maintained for threeweeks without further complications with resolution of the cilindruria.(AU)

Effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, amikacin and colistin on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Escherichia coli planktonic and biofilm forms isolated from human urine

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of ciprofloxacin, amikacin and colistin on biofilm formation, motility, curli fimbriae formation by planktonic and biofilm cells of E. coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with various urinary system infections. Quantification of biofilm formation was carried out using a microtiter plate assay and a spectrophotometric method. Bacterial enumeration was used to assess the viability of bacteria in the biofilm. Curli expression was determined by using YESCA agar supplemented with congo red. Using motility agar the ability to move was examined. All the antibiotics used at sub-MICs reduced biofilm formation in vitro, decreased the survival of bacteria, but had no effect on the motility of planktonic as well as biofilm cells. The inhibitory effect of sub-MICs of antimicrobial agents on curli fimbriae formation was dependent on the form in which the bacteria occurred, incubation time and antibiotic used. Our results clearly show that all the three antibiotics tested reduce biofilm production, interfere with curli expression but do not influence motility. This study suggests that ciprofloxacin, amikacin and colistin may be useful in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections caused by E. coli strains.(AU)

Aeromonas spp em diferentes pontos do fluxograma de beneficiamento do leite tipo A e susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos / Aeromonas spp in the line production of pasteurized type A milk and their antimicrobial susceptibility

Com o objetivo de verificar os possíveis pontos de contaminação e disseminação de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas em diferentes pontos do fluxograma de beneficiamento do leite tipo A, foram analisadas 120 amostras. Foi verificada a presença de Aeromonas spp. em 38 amostras, sendo identificadas as espécies A. sobria (40 por cento), A hydrophila (22 por cento), A. cavie (26 por cento), A. veronii (19 por cento) e A.schubertii (3 por cento). Das 37 amostras de espécies bacterianas avaliadas quanto à susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos, foi observada múltipla resistência a drogas em 94 por cento das cepas testadas. As maiores sensibilidades foram observadas frente ao cloranfenicol, netilmicina, amicacina e gentamicina (80 por cento). A presença no leite das espécies deste gênero, comumente associadas com gastrenterites e as altas resistências observadas frente a múltiplos princípios ativos, devem ser levadas em consideração, pois podem representar um sério risco para a saúde dos consumidores, na eventual necessidade da instituição de um regime terapêutico em casos de infecção por Aeromonas spp.(AU)

To verify the probable points of contamination and dissemination of the bacterium of the genus Aeromonas in the production line of pasteurized type A milk and their antimicrobial susceptibility, 120 samples were analyzed. All the isolates were identified to the species level using established methods in the literature. The susceptibili ty of isolates was determined by the disc diffusion technique. Aeromonas spp was identified in 38 samples, being identified among the aeromonas strains A. sobria (40%), A. hydrophila (22%), A. caviae (26%), A. veronii (19%) and A. schubertii (3%). Among the 37 strains submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test, was observed multiple drug resistance in 94% of the strains tested. Sensitive over 80% was observed to chloramphenicol, netilmicin, amikacin and gentamicin. The presence in the milk of this genera, commonly associated with gastroenteritis and the higher multiple drug resistance could be taken in account, because it may represent a serious health hazard for the consumers health, particularly in case of an eventual necessity of Aeromonas infection treatment. (AU)