Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice / Ciclosporina A aumenta a intensidade da infecção por Toxocara canis em camundongos suíços

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. The connection between parasitic diseases and conditions that depress the immune system, such as the use of immunosuppressive drugs, has been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the intensity of infection, humoral response and gene transcription of interleukins IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice experimentally infected with Toxocara canis. To this end, mice were divided into two groups treated with CsA (G1: 10 mg/Kg and G2: 50 mg/kg), the G3 and G4 group received PBS. After the last administration of the drug or PBS (orally every 48 hours for 15 days), groups G1, G2 and G3 were inoculated with 1200 eggs of T. canis. Was collected blood samples on days zero, 15 and 30 days post-inoculation (PI), for ELISA test and the mice were euthanized 30 days PI. The organs and striated muscle tissue were collected for the recovery of larvae. The splenocytes were analyzed by RT-PCR. The intensity of infection in the mice treated with 50 mg/kg of CsA was 65.5% higher than in the control group (p=0.001). An analysis of the kinetics of anti-Toxocara antibody revealed that the groups treated with CsA showed significantly higher mean levels of antibodies on day 15 PI. The transcription of the three tested interleukins showed no statistical difference between G2 and G3 (control). It was concluded that the immunosuppression triggered by CsA (50 mg/Kg) favored the establishment of a larger number of T. canis larvae without, however, altering immunoglobulin production and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 transcription on day 30 PI.

A toxocaríase é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial. A conexão entre doenças parasitárias e condições que deprimem o sistema imunológico, como o uso de drogas imunossupressoras, tem sido estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da Ciclosporina A (CsA) na intensidade da infecção, resposta humoral e transcrição gênica das interleucinas IL-4, IL-10 e IL-12 em camundongos experimentalmente infectados com Toxocara canis. Para tanto, os camundongos foram divididos em dois grupos tratados com CsA (G1: 10 mg/Kg e G2: 50 mg/kg), os grupos G3 e G4 receberam PBS. Após a última administração da droga ou PBS (via oral a cada 48 horas por 15 dias), os grupos G1, G2 e G3 foram inoculados com 1200 ovos de T. canis. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue nos dias zero, 15 e 30 dias pós-inoculação (PI), para teste de ELISA e os camundongos foram eutanasiados 30 dias PI. Os órgãos e tecido muscular estriado foram coletados para a recuperação das larvas. Os esplenócitos foram analisados ​​por RT-PCR. A intensidade da infecção nos camundongos tratados com 50 mg/kg de CsA foi 65,5% maior do que no grupo controle (p=0,001). Uma análise da cinética do anticorpo anti-Toxocara revelou que os grupos tratados com CsA apresentaram níveis médios de anticorpos significativamente maiores no dia 15 PI. A transcrição das três interleucinas testadas não apresentou diferença estatística entre G2 e G3 (controle). Concluiu-se que a imunossupressão desencadeada pela CsA (50 mg/Kg) favoreceu o estabelecimento de um maior número de larvas de T. canis sem, no entanto, alterar a produção de imunoglobulinas e a transcrição de IL-4, IL-10 e IL-12 no dia 30 PI.

Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on cyclosporin A-induced renal oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo

Purpose: To explore the mechanism and investigate the protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on renal oxidative stress, which cyclosporine A (CsA) induces. Methods: HK-2 cells were treated with CsA to get CsA-induced oxidative stress. The effects on oxidative stress and apoptosis of HK-2 cells were detected. The contents of SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, ROS, and CAT in serum were measured, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blot. Then, established the renal oxidative stress injury rats to verify the efficacy of HSYA. Results: HSYA could reduce the ROS and MDA contents induced by CsA. Compared with the CsA group, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px increased significantly when treated with HSYA. HSYA could inhibit CsA-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells, and promote the protein of Bcl-2 and inhibit the expression of Bax. Animal experiments showed that HSYA could reduce CsA-induced renal cell injury by reducing glomerular cell vacuoles and inflammatory factors in tissues. It also decreased serum creatinine (Crea) and blood urea nitrogen, increased Crea clearance significantly. Conclusions: HSYA could significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of the kidney cells and inhibit cell apoptosis, thereby effectively ameliorating CsA-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Oral mucosa transplantation may improve tear film osmolarity in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca - a preliminary study / [Transplante da mucosa oral na melhoria da osmolaridade do filme lacrimal em cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca - estudo preliminar]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of cyclosporine 1% alone or associated with oral mucosa transplantation (OMT) in dogs with dry keratoconjunctivitis (KCS). Schirmer Tear Test (STT-1) and Tear Film Osmolarity (TFO) were measured in both eyes of 30 adult dogs (before and 45 days after treatment. The animals were divided into three groups (10 dogs for group): control (normal dogs), group I (GI, treated with 1% cyclosporine alone), and group II (GII, treated with 1% cyclosporine and OMT). All STT-1 and TFO values were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and all were normally distributed. STT-1 and TFO values before and after treatment were subjected to the T-Student Test. The STT­1 and TFO values of the right eye were subjected to Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by a Tukey Test for comparison between groups I and II. Means with a value of p≤0.05 were considered significant. There was a decreased osmolarity in both groups after treatment. Mean osmolarity in GII (322.60±16.56 mOsm/L) was significantly lower than GI (336.40±5.66 mOsm/L). The OMT associated with cyclosporine 1% improved the osmolarity of the tear film in dogs with KCS with a seeming synergism between the clinical and surgical treatments.(AU)

Avaliou-se o uso de ciclosporina 1% isolada ou associada ao transplante de mucosa oral (TMO) em cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS). O teste lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS-1) e a osmolaridade do filme lacrimal (OFL) foram medidos em ambos os olhos, em 30 cães adultos, antes e 45 dias após o tratamento. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos (10 cães por grupo): controle (cães saudáveis), grupo I (GI, tratados apenas com ciclosporina 1%) e grupo II (GII, tratados com 1% de ciclosporina associada ao TMO). Todos os valores do TLS-1 e da OFL foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk, e todos foram distribuídos normalmente. Os valores de TLS-1 e OFT antes e depois do tratamento foram submetidos ao teste T-Student. Os valores TLS-1 e OFT do olho direito foram submetidos à ANOVA de medidas repetidas, seguida por um teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos I e II. Valor de P≤0,05 foi considerado significativo. Houve uma diminuição da osmolaridade em ambos os grupos após o tratamento. A osmolaridade média no GII (322,60±16,56 mOsm/L) foi significativamente inferior à no GI (336,40±5,66 mOsm/L). O TMO associado à ciclosporina 1% melhorou a osmolaridade do filme lacrimal em cães com CCS, com uma sinergia aparente entre os tratamentos clínicos e cirúrgicos.(AU)

Effects of cyclosporine on ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rat kidneys. An experimental model

Abstract Purpose To assess Cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy at an intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg.kg -1 in a rodent model of non-septic renal ischemia. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized to receive CsA therapy or none therapy before undergoing 30 minutes of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. Additionally, 10 rats were randomized to undergo the same surgical procedure of the aforementioned animals with neither ischemia nor CsA therapy. Twelve hours after kidney ischemia, the left kidneys were evaluated for histological injury according to Park's criteria. Serum creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (Ur) and sodium levels were obtained at different times of the experimental protocol. Results Rodents in the CsA group showed negative results (p<0.05) in serum variables (Cr: 0.41±0.05mg/dL vs . 4.17±1.25mg/dL; Ur: 40.90±3.98mg/dL vs . 187.70±22.93mg/dL) even the non CsA or control group (Cr: 0.35±0.07mg/dL vs . 3.80±1.20mg/dL; Ur: 40.10±4.70mg/dL vs . 184.50±49.80mg/dL). The negative results were also verified in histological evaluation, CsA group had 50% in the very severe grade of lesion, 10% in the severe and 40% in the moderate to severe whereas the control group had 90% in the very severe grade. Conclusion CsA was incapable of preventing the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.(AU)

Eficácia dos colírios ciclosporina e tacrolimo no tratamento de ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães / Efficacy of cyclosporine and tacrolimus drops in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tacrolimo e da ciclosporina na produção lacrimal de cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) durante 90 dias. Para tanto, foram utilizados colírios de tacrolimo 0,02% (TcL) e ciclosporina 0,1% (CsA) em 14 cães com CCS. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos e avaliados antes do início do tratamento (T0) e aos 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 45 (T3), 60 (T4), 75 (T5) e 90 (T6) dias após o início do tratamento. Na avaliação clínica, observou-se maior redução da secreção ocular, da opacidade e do edema corneano e da vascularização conjuntival. no grupo tacrolimo. No teste de Schirmer, verificou-se produção basal de 6(4,07 e 5,86(2,85mm/min no TcL e CsA, respectivamente, com aumento significativo da produção lacrimal em ambos os grupos, contudo houve aumento significativo da produção lacrimal a partir dos 15 dias de tratamento no grupo TcL (17,88(5,51mm/min), mas apenas a partir dos 45 dias no grupo CsA (11,86(4,74mm/min). Conclui-se que o uso do colírio tacrolimo aumentou em 68,83% a produção lacrimal em 90 dias de tratamento, comparado com a ciclosporina (56,82%), além de diminuir as manifestações clínicas inerentes à CCS, quando comparado à terapia com ciclosporina.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on the lacrimal production of dogs with ketaroconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) for 90 days. Tacrolimus 0.02% (TcL) and 0.1% cyclosporine (CsA) eye drops were used in 14 dogs with KCS. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups and evaluated before treatment (T0) and at 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 45 (T3), 60 (T4), 75 (T5) and 90 (T6) days after initiation of treatment. Clinical evaluation showed significant reduction of ocular secretion, corneal opacity and edema and conjunctival vascularization in the tacrolimus group. Schirmer test showed basal lacrimal production of 6(4.07 and 5.86(2.85mm/min for TcL and CsA, respectively, with significant increase in lacrimal production in both groups. There was a significant increase in lacrimal production after 15 days of treatment in the TcL group (17.88(5.51mm/min), but only after 45 days in the CsA group (11.86(4.74mm/min). Tacrolimus drops increased lacrimal production in 68.83% after 90 days of treatment, compared to cyclosporine (56.82%), and also reduced clinical manifestations related to KCS when compared to cyclosporine.(AU)

Eficácia dos colírios ciclosporina e tacrolimo no tratamento de ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães / Efficacy of cyclosporine and tacrolimus drops in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tacrolimo e da ciclosporina na produção lacrimal de cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) durante 90 dias. Para tanto, foram utilizados colírios de tacrolimo 0,02% (TcL) e ciclosporina 0,1% (CsA) em 14 cães com CCS. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos e avaliados antes do início do tratamento (T0) e aos 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 45 (T3), 60 (T4), 75 (T5) e 90 (T6) dias após o início do tratamento. Na avaliação clínica, observou-se maior redução da secreção ocular, da opacidade e do edema corneano e da vascularização conjuntival. no grupo tacrolimo. No teste de Schirmer, verificou-se produção basal de 6(4,07 e 5,86(2,85mm/min no TcL e CsA, respectivamente, com aumento significativo da produção lacrimal em ambos os grupos, contudo houve aumento significativo da produção lacrimal a partir dos 15 dias de tratamento no grupo TcL (17,88(5,51mm/min), mas apenas a partir dos 45 dias no grupo CsA (11,86(4,74mm/min). Conclui-se que o uso do colírio tacrolimo aumentou em 68,83% a produção lacrimal em 90 dias de tratamento, comparado com a ciclosporina (56,82%), além de diminuir as manifestações clínicas inerentes à CCS, quando comparado à terapia com ciclosporina.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on the lacrimal production of dogs with ketaroconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) for 90 days. Tacrolimus 0.02% (TcL) and 0.1% cyclosporine (CsA) eye drops were used in 14 dogs with KCS. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups and evaluated before treatment (T0) and at 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 45 (T3), 60 (T4), 75 (T5) and 90 (T6) days after initiation of treatment. Clinical evaluation showed significant reduction of ocular secretion, corneal opacity and edema and conjunctival vascularization in the tacrolimus group. Schirmer test showed basal lacrimal production of 6(4.07 and 5.86(2.85mm/min for TcL and CsA, respectively, with significant increase in lacrimal production in both groups. There was a significant increase in lacrimal production after 15 days of treatment in the TcL group (17.88(5.51mm/min), but only after 45 days in the CsA group (11.86(4.74mm/min). Tacrolimus drops increased lacrimal production in 68.83% after 90 days of treatment, compared to cyclosporine (56.82%), and also reduced clinical manifestations related to KCS when compared to cyclosporine.(AU)

Cyclosporine A attenuates apoptosis and necrosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury in transiently hyperglycemic rats

Purpose: To investigate the effects of cyclosporine A on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury during transient hyperglycemia in rats. Methods: In a model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury and transiently induced hyperglycemia by intraperitoneal injection of glucose, 2.5 g.kg-1, Wistar rats were anesthetized with either isoflurane or propofol and received intravenous cyclosporine A, 5 mg.kg-1, five minutes before reperfusion. Comparison groups were isoflurane and propofol sham groups and isoflurane and propofol ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury. Renal tubular cell viability was quantitatively assessed by flow cytometry after cell culture and classified as early apoptosis, necrotic cells, and intact cells. Results: Early apoptosis was significantly higher in isoflurane and propofol anesthetized animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury when compared to both cyclosporine A treated and sham groups. Necrosis percentage was significantly higher in propofol-anesthetized animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The percentage of intact cells was lower in both, isoflurane and propofol anesthetized animals subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion: In a model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury, cyclosporine A, 5 m.kg-1, administered five minutes before renal reperfusion in rats with acute-induced hyperglycemia under either isoflurano or propofol anesthesia, attenuated early apoptosis and preserved viability in renal tubular cells, regardless of the anesthetic used.(AU)

The effects of propolis on sperm quality, reproductive organs and testicular antioxidant status of male rats treated with cyclosporine-A

This study was designed to determine the effects of propolis on the quality of sperm and reproductive organs in male rats treated with cyclosporine-A. In this study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats (280-300 g BW) at 8-10 weeks of age were used. The rats were randomly divided into control and 3 treatment groups. Each rat was placed into a cage. During 21 days (experimental period), Group 1 served as control group; Group 2 (CsA) was given 15 mg/kg BW/day of CsA by subcutaneously; Group 3 (P) was given 100 mg/kg BW/day of propolis by gavage; Group 4 (CsA+P) was given 15 mg/kg BW/day of CsA subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BW/day of propolis by gavage. Administration of CsA to rats decreased sperm motility (P < 0.01) and sperm concentration (P < 0.01), and it increased total abnormal sperm rates (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Significant improvements were observed in the sperm motility (P < 0.01) and total abnormal sperm rates (P < 0.05) in CsA+P group. No significant differences were observed in the weights of right and left testes among all groups. The weight values of right and left epididymis were found similar to each other in CsA administrated groups. Seminal vesicle (P < 0.01) and prostat glands weights (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in CsA+P group than CsA group. As a result, it was determined that oral supplementation of 100 mg/kg of propolis had amendatory effect on the quality of sperm and reproductive organs treated with CsA administered rats. CsA treatment caused a significant increase in MDA level (P < 0.01) and significant decreases (P < 0.01) in GSH level and CAT activity when compared with the control group. Ingestion of propolis by CsA-treated rats significantly decreased the MDA level and significantly increased the GSH level when compared with the CsA alone group (P < 0.01).

The effects of propolis on sperm quality, reproductive organs and testicular antioxidant status of male rats treated with cyclosporine-A

This study was designed to determine the effects of propolis on the quality of sperm and reproductive organs in male rats treated with cyclosporine-A. In this study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats (280-300 g BW) at 8-10 weeks of age were used. The rats were randomly divided into control and 3 treatment groups. Each rat was placed into a cage. During 21 days (experimental period), Group 1 served as control group; Group 2 (CsA) was given 15 mg/kg BW/day of CsA by subcutaneously; Group 3 (P) was given 100 mg/kg BW/day of propolis by gavage; Group 4 (CsA+P) was given 15 mg/kg BW/day of CsA subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BW/day of propolis by gavage. Administration of CsA to rats decreased sperm motility (P < 0.01) and sperm concentration (P < 0.01), and it increased total abnormal sperm rates (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Significant improvements were observed in the sperm motility (P < 0.01) and total abnormal sperm rates (P < 0.05) in CsA+P group. No significant differences were observed in the weights of right and left testes among all groups. The weight values of right and left epididymis were found similar to each other in CsA administrated groups. Seminal vesicle (P < 0.01) and prostat glands weights (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in CsA+P group than CsA group. As a result, it was determined that oral supplementation of 100 mg/kg of propolis had amendatory effect on the quality of sperm and reproductive organs treated with CsA administered rats. CsA treatment caused a significant increase in MDA level (P < 0.01) and significant decreases (P < 0.01) in GSH level and CAT activity when compared with the control group. Ingestion of propolis by CsA-treated rats significantly decreased the MDA level and significantly increased the GSH level when compared with the CsA alone group (P < 0.01).(AU)

Effect of cyclosporine on liver regeneration in partial hepatectomized rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of the cyclosporine in liver regeneration in rats submitted to an experimental model of 70% hepatectomy. METHODS: Forty male rats were randomly divided in four subgroups (C.24h, C.7d, E.24h, E.7d), according to the drug used and the day of sacrifice (24 hours and 7 days). Cyclosporine (10mg/Kg/day) was given to the study subgroup and 1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride was to the control subgroup. Resection of left lateral lobe and median lobe performing 70% of liver mass. During the animals death, KWON formula was applied. Counting of mitotic figures and percentage of positive nucleus with PCNA and Ki-67 were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 2nd, 4th PO and death days, E.7d lose more weight than C.7d. Regarding to the KWON formula, the C.7d regenerated more than the C.24h and the same with the E.7d. Comparing between the groups, only E7d subgroup was statistically significant compared with C.7d, showing the stimulating effect of cyclosporine in liver regeneration. Immunohistochemestry had significant results between the study subgroups. The mitotic index revealed statistical differences in the control subgroups. CONCLUSION: Cyclosporine, in spite of being an immunosuppressive drug, has a positive effect in liver regeneration, although reduce the animals body weight.(AU)

Sebaceous adenitis in a cat

Background: Sebaceous adenitis is an inflammatory, dyskeratotic, and chronic disorder, characterized by the degeneration and post-inflammatory atrophy of sebaceous gland, which rarely affects cats. The objective of this paper is to report a case of sebaceous adenitis in a cat, located in the region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Case: A 12-year-old female cat, crossbreed, with hypotrichosis, alopecia and moderate to intense itching in the dorsal thorax region, limbs and face, which were evolving during a month. Dermatological exams were done, as well as trichogram, fungal culture, sticky-tape test, skin scraping, and parasitological assessments of cerumen, and all of them were normal. Histopathological examination revealed hair follicles at all stages of development, some showing hyperkeratosis with cystic dilation and complete absence of sebaceous glands. In periadnexal region, it showed mild inflammatory infiltrate composed by lymphocytes, histiocytes and neutrophils, which legitimated a definitive diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis. The treatment was made using emollient shampoo, ciclosporin and emollient product based on fatty acids and ceramides, and after one month, the lesions, erythema and pruritus regressed. Due to the clinical improvement, it was possible to keep the animal with ciclosporin (5.0 mg/kg, p.o, every two days) and Allerderm spot-on (once weekly), obtaining pos...(AU)

Sebaceous adenitis in a cat

Background: Sebaceous adenitis is an inflammatory, dyskeratotic, and chronic disorder, characterized by the degeneration and post-inflammatory atrophy of sebaceous gland, which rarely affects cats. The objective of this paper is to report a case of sebaceous adenitis in a cat, located in the region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Case: A 12-year-old female cat, crossbreed, with hypotrichosis, alopecia and moderate to intense itching in the dorsal thorax region, limbs and face, which were evolving during a month. Dermatological exams were done, as well as trichogram, fungal culture, sticky-tape test, skin scraping, and parasitological assessments of cerumen, and all of them were normal. Histopathological examination revealed hair follicles at all stages of development, some showing hyperkeratosis with cystic dilation and complete absence of sebaceous glands. In periadnexal region, it showed mild inflammatory infiltrate composed by lymphocytes, histiocytes and neutrophils, which legitimated a definitive diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis. The treatment was made using emollient shampoo, ciclosporin and emollient product based on fatty acids and ceramides, and after one month, the lesions, erythema and pruritus regressed. Due to the clinical improvement, it was possible to keep the animal with ciclosporin (5.0 mg/kg, p.o, every two days) and Allerderm spot-on (once weekly), obtaining pos...

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of cyclosporine in atopic dogs treatment / Avaliação da eficácia da ciclosporina no tratamento de cães atópicos

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, pruritic and chronic allergic skin disease. It is recognized as the secondmost common allergic skin disease of dogs, after flea allergy. Pruritus is the predominant sign of canine AD, and it affects a variety of areas of the body, leading to intense suffering in both the animal and its owner. The long-term use of glucocorticoid therapy can be devastating because of its numerous side effects and secondary diseases. Cyclosporine (CsA) has been considered a good therapeutic option to treat canine AD. CsA inhibits the activation of cells that initiate the cutaneous immune response (Langerhans cells and lymphocytes) and that mediate allergic reactions (mast cells and eosinophils). It also decreases the release of histamine and other cytokines. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of CsA (5 mg/kg, SID for 60 days) to reduce skin lesions and pruritus in 21 atopic dogs using CADESI-03 and two scales to quantify the levels of body itching. This immunomodulatory therapy was considered to be an effective treatment for atopic dogs because it reduced skin lesions by 70% after 60 days of therapy. During that period, there was a 52.6% reduction of body itching as assessed via a verbal numeric scale, and there was a significant reduction of body itching on a qualitative scale, as the maximal levels of pruritus (“three” and “four”) were hardly observed after immunomodulatory therapy. CsA was effective and safe in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis.(AU)

A atopia ou dermatite atópica é uma doença inflamatória pruriginosa, crônica e recorrente reconhecida como a segunda alergopatia mais comum, estando aquém apenas da dermatite alérgica à picada de pulgas. Esta doença é caracterizada pela presença exacerbada de prurido corpóreo, infringindo sofrimento ao paciente e desalentando seu proprietário. Por se tratar de uma doença de longo decurso, o tratamento com glicocorticoides pode causar diversos efeitos adversos, além de doenças mais graves. Como alternativa ao tratamento de cães atópicos, a ciclosporina (CsA) acaba tornando-se uma boa opção terapêutica. A CsA inibe as funções das células que iniciam a resposta imunológica (células de Langerhans e linfócitos) e das células que efetuam a resposta alérgica (mastócitos e eosinófilos) e, também, diminui a liberação de histamina e de várias citocinas. O objetivo do presente estudo incluiu a: análise da eficácia da CsA (5mg/kg, SID durante 60 dias) na redução de lesões corpóreas e do prurido com auxílio do CADESI-03 e de duas escalas de prurido corpóreo. A CsA mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da dermatite atópica canina pois reduziu as lesões corpóreas em 70% após 60 dias de terapia. Nesse mesmo período ocorreu redução da intensidade do prurido corpóreo em 52,6%, avaliado através da escala numérica verbal; e observou-se redução significativa na escala qualitativa de prurido corpóreo, uma vez que os níveis máximos de prurido (“três” e “quatro”) quase não foram observados após a terapia imunomodulatória. A CsA mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da dermatite atópica canina.(AU)

Alotransplante de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço com imunossupressão com ciclosporina. Modelo experimental em cães / Pancreatic islet allograft in spleen with immunossuppression with cyclosporine. Experimental model in dogs

PURPOSE: To study the functional behavior of the allograft with immunosuppression of pancreatic islets in the spleen. METHODS: Five groups of 10 Mongrel dogs were used: Group A (control) underwent biochemical tests; Group B underwent total pancreatectomy; Group C underwent total pancreatectomy and pancreatic islet autotransplant in the spleen; Group D underwent pancreatic islet allograft in the spleen without immunosuppressive therapy; Group E underwent pancreatic islet allograft in the spleen and immunosuppression with cyclosporine. All of the animals with grafts received pancreatic islets prepared by the mechanical-enzymatic method - stationary collagenase digestion and purification with dextran discontinuous density gradient, implanted in the spleen. RESULTS: The animals with autotransplant and those with allografts with immunosuppression that became normoglycemic showed altered results of intravenous tolerance glucose (p < 0.001) and peripheral and splenic vein plasmatic insulin levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in animals that had allografts with immunosuppression than in those with just autotransplants. CONCLUSIONS: In the animals with immunosupression with cyclosporine subjected to allograft of pancreatic islets prepared with the mechanical-enzymatic preparation method (stationary collagenase digestion and purification with dextran discontinuous density gradient), the production of insulin is decreased and the response to intravenous glucose is altered.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento funcional do alotransplante com imunossupressão de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados cinco grupos de 10 cães mestiços: grupo A (controle) submetido aos exames bioquímicos; grupo B, submetido à pancreatectomia total; grupo C (autotransplante) submetido à pancreatectomia total e autotransplantação de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço; grupo D, submetido à alotransplantação de ilhotas pancreáticas no baço sem terapia imunossupressiva; grupo E, submetido à alotransplantação de ilhotas no baço e imunossupressão com ciclosporina. Todos os animais transplantados receberam ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas pelo método mecânico-enzimático, digestão estacionária com colagenase e purificação com gradiente de densidade descontínua de dextran e foram implantadas no baço. RESULTADOS: Animais autotransplantados e alotransplantados com imunossupressão que se tornaram normoglicêmicos apresentaram testes de tolerância à glicose intravenosa alterados (p<0,001) e o nível de insulina plasmática periférica e na veia esplênica foram significantemente menores (p<0,001) nos animais alotransplantados com imunossupressão em relação aos autotransplantados. CONCLUSÃO: Nos animais submetidos ao alotransplante de ilhotas pancreáticas com imunossupressão com ciclosporina e preparadas pelo método mecânico-enzimático, digestão estacionária com colagenase e purificação com gradiente de densidade descontínua de dextran, a produção de insulina está diminuída e a resposta à sobrecarga de glicose intravenosa alterada.(AU)

Estomatite vesico-bolhosa possivelmente causada por penfigóidemucomembranoso em um cão: relato de caso

O penfigóide mucomembranoso (PMM) é uma doença rara que acomete mucosa e junção mucocutânea, levando a vesículas, erosões e úceras em cavidade oral, perioral, plano nasal, olhos, conduto auditivo, anus e genitália. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de cão, fêmea, 8 anos, ovariohisterectomizada, com histórico de úlceras e erosões em mucosa jugal, palatina, anal e vulvo-vaginal, disfagia, halitose e sialorréia mucopurulenta. O exame histopatológico revelou presença de fenda subepidermal extensacontendo discreta quantidade de restos celulares ou sangue. Pelos sinais clínicos e a análise histopatológica,suspeita se que a estomatite vesico-bolhosa era devido ao PMM. O controle parcial da doença foi obtido com uso de ciclosporina diário com corticosteroide intermitente. (AU)

Estomatite vesico-bolhosa possivelmente causada por penfigóidemucomembranoso em um cão: relato de caso

O penfigóide mucomembranoso (PMM) é uma doença rara que acomete mucosa e junção mucocutânea, levando a vesículas, erosões e úceras em cavidade oral, perioral, plano nasal, olhos, conduto auditivo, anus e genitália. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de cão, fêmea, 8 anos, ovariohisterectomizada, com histórico de úlceras e erosões em mucosa jugal, palatina, anal e vulvo-vaginal, disfagia, halitose e sialorréia mucopurulenta. O exame histopatológico revelou presença de fenda subepidermal extensacontendo discreta quantidade de restos celulares ou sangue. Pelos sinais clínicos e a análise histopatológica,suspeita se que a estomatite vesico-bolhosa era devido ao PMM. O controle parcial da doença foi obtido com uso de ciclosporina diário com corticosteroide intermitente.

Dermatite idiopática facial do gato persa: relato de caso / Face dermatitis idiopathic in a persian cat: a case report

A dermatite facial Idiopática do gato Persa (DFIGP) é uma dermatite facial rara, progressiva e sem etiologiadefinida, apresentando maior incidência em filhotes e adultos jovens. O presente trabalho descreve um caso de DFIGP em um gato persa, de 2 anos de idade. Após a realização de exames, o tratamento foi iniciado com prednisolona, cefalexina, vermifugação em dose única e fipronil spray. Com intuito de fazer um diagnóstico diferencial, realizou-se dieta de eliminação com uma ração hipoalergênica comercial por12 semanas. Após 10 dias do término do tratamento o paciente não apresentava melhora significativa doquadro. Optou-se então por iniciar um tratamento com ciclosporina, lavagem com xampu constituído por 2% de ácido salicílico e 2% de enxofre, e posterior aplicação de uma pomada com nistatina, sulfato de neomicina, tiostrepton e acetonil triancinolona. O gato demonstrou melhora acentuada do quadro com 10 dias do novo tratamento e remissão do quadro ao fim do tratamento, no entanto, após 30 dias sem tratamento, o animal voltou a apresentar o quadro clínico. Conclui-se que DFIGP persiste como umaenfermidade sem tratamento eficiente descrito. (AU)

Idiopathic facial dermatitis of the Persian cat (DFIGP) is a rare, progressive disease of unknown etiology. It has an higher incidence in puppies and young adults. This paper describes a case of DFIGPin a Persian cat, 2 years old. It was initially treated with prednisolone, cephalexin and fipronil spray.It was also prescribed an elimination diet with a commercial hypoallergenic diet for 12 weeks in orderto make a differential diagnosis. No significant improvent was observed after this treatment. It was then decided to start a treatment with cyclosporine and shampoo consisting of 2% salicylic acid and 2% sulfur. Addicionally it was prescribed the topical application of an ointment with nystatin, neomycin sulfate, triamcinolone tiostrepton and acetonyl. The patient showed marked improvement after 10 days of this new treatment and complete remission after 40 days of treatment, however, after30 days without treatment, the cat presented the previous skin injury. It is concluded that DFIGP isa persistent disease without effective treatment. (AU)

Dermatite idiopática facial do gato persa: relato de caso / Face dermatitis idiopathic in a persian cat: a case report

A dermatite facial Idiopática do gato Persa (DFIGP) é uma dermatite facial rara, progressiva e sem etiologiadefinida, apresentando maior incidência em filhotes e adultos jovens. O presente trabalho descreve um caso de DFIGP em um gato persa, de 2 anos de idade. Após a realização de exames, o tratamento foi iniciado com prednisolona, cefalexina, vermifugação em dose única e fipronil spray. Com intuito de fazer um diagnóstico diferencial, realizou-se dieta de eliminação com uma ração hipoalergênica comercial por12 semanas. Após 10 dias do término do tratamento o paciente não apresentava melhora significativa doquadro. Optou-se então por iniciar um tratamento com ciclosporina, lavagem com xampu constituído por 2% de ácido salicílico e 2% de enxofre, e posterior aplicação de uma pomada com nistatina, sulfato de neomicina, tiostrepton e acetonil triancinolona. O gato demonstrou melhora acentuada do quadro com 10 dias do novo tratamento e remissão do quadro ao fim do tratamento, no entanto, após 30 dias sem tratamento, o animal voltou a apresentar o quadro clínico. Conclui-se que DFIGP persiste como umaenfermidade sem tratamento eficiente descrito.

Idiopathic facial dermatitis of the Persian cat (DFIGP) is a rare, progressive disease of unknown etiology. It has an higher incidence in puppies and young adults. This paper describes a case of DFIGPin a Persian cat, 2 years old. It was initially treated with prednisolone, cephalexin and fipronil spray.It was also prescribed an elimination diet with a commercial hypoallergenic diet for 12 weeks in orderto make a differential diagnosis. No significant improvent was observed after this treatment. It was then decided to start a treatment with cyclosporine and shampoo consisting of 2% salicylic acid and 2% sulfur. Addicionally it was prescribed the topical application of an ointment with nystatin, neomycin sulfate, triamcinolone tiostrepton and acetonyl. The patient showed marked improvement after 10 days of this new treatment and complete remission after 40 days of treatment, however, after30 days without treatment, the cat presented the previous skin injury. It is concluded that DFIGP isa persistent disease without effective treatment.