Inactivation of phoPQ genes attenuates Salmonella Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum to susceptible chickens

Salmonella Gallinarum is a host-restrict pathogen that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease that is one of the major concerns to the poultry industry worldwide. When infecting the bird, SG makes use of evasion mechanisms to survive and to replicate within macrophages. In this context, phoPQ genes encode a two-component regulatory system (PhoPQ) that regulates virulence genes responsible for adaptation of Salmonella spp. to antimicrobial factors such as low pH, antimicrobial peptides and deprivation of bivalent cations. The role of the mentioned genes to SG remains to be investigated. In the present study a phoPQ-depleted SG strain (SG phoPQ) was constructed and its virulence assessed in twenty-day-old laying hens susceptible to fowl typhoid. SG phoPQ did cause neither clinical signs nor mortality in birds orally challenged, being non-pathogenic. Furthermore, this strain was not recovered from livers or spleens. On the other hand, chickens challenged subcutaneously with the mutant strain had discreet to moderate pathological changes and also low bacterial counts in liver and spleen tissues. These findings show that SG phoPQ is attenuated to susceptible chickens and suggest that these genes are important during chicken infection by SG.(AU)

Avaliação dos sinais clínicos em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix) infectadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum / Clinical signs in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum

O tifo aviário uma enfermidade de alto impacto no setor avícola, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os sinais clínicos da doença em codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum. Foram utilizadas 54 codornas japonesas fêmeas distribuídas em dois grupos. O grupo inoculado (GI) com SG (32 codornas) e o grupo controle (GC) (16 aves). Seis aves foram eutansiadas antes de iniciar o experimento para coleta de órgãos (fígado, baço, folículos ovarianos, cecos e pulmão) e processamento microbiológico. As aves do GI receberam 0,7mL do inóculo (1.5x106 UFC/mL) e GC receberam e 0,7mL de solução fisiológica e foram observadas durante dez dias seguidos, em três períodos diários (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) para observar os sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Após quatro dias de inoculação foi verificada prostração, apatia, penas eriçadas, diarreia, permanência da ave no canto da gaiola com os olhos fechados e relutância em movimentar-se (13/32). As alterações macroscópicas em aves que apresentaram sinais clínicos e foram eutanasiadas foram caracterizadas por esplenomegalia e hemorragia no baço em 84,6 % (11/13) e 23% (3/13), respectivamente, hepatomegalia e necrose no fígado em 15,4% (2/13) e 23,0% (3/13) respectivamente e hemorragia e atrofia em 15,4% (2/13) e 7,7% (1/13) dos folículos ovarianos. Nas aves que foram a óbito foi observado apenas hepatoesplenomegalia. Assim, podemos concluir que codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum apresentam sinais clínicos típicos de febre tifoide observados em galinhas de exploração comercial.(AU)

Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.(AU)

Avaliação dos sinais clínicos em codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix) infectadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum / Clinical signs in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum

O tifo aviário uma enfermidade de alto impacto no setor avícola, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar os sinais clínicos da doença em codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum. Foram utilizadas 54 codornas japonesas fêmeas distribuídas em dois grupos. O grupo inoculado (GI) com SG (32 codornas) e o grupo controle (GC) (16 aves). Seis aves foram eutansiadas antes de iniciar o experimento para coleta de órgãos (fígado, baço, folículos ovarianos, cecos e pulmão) e processamento microbiológico. As aves do GI receberam 0,7mL do inóculo (1.5x106 UFC/mL) e GC receberam e 0,7mL de solução fisiológica e foram observadas durante dez dias seguidos, em três períodos diários (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) para observar os sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Após quatro dias de inoculação foi verificada prostração, apatia, penas eriçadas, diarreia, permanência da ave no canto da gaiola com os olhos fechados e relutância em movimentar-se (13/32). As alterações macroscópicas em aves que apresentaram sinais clínicos e foram eutanasiadas foram caracterizadas por esplenomegalia e hemorragia no baço em 84,6 % (11/13) e 23% (3/13), respectivamente, hepatomegalia e necrose no fígado em 15,4% (2/13) e 23,0% (3/13) respectivamente e hemorragia e atrofia em 15,4% (2/13) e 7,7% (1/13) dos folículos ovarianos. Nas aves que foram a óbito foi observado apenas hepatoesplenomegalia. Assim, podemos concluir que codornas inoculadas experimentalmente com Salmonella Gallinarum apresentam sinais clínicos típicos de febre tifoide observados em galinhas de exploração comercial.

Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.

Os produtos de origem animal e as toxinfecções alimentares

A contaminação de alimentos, principalmente microbiana, endógena ou exógena, converte-os em veiculadores de agentes que originam infecções ou intoxicações no homem. Essas afecções são conhecidas com o nome genérico de enfermidades transmitidas pelos alimentos(ETAs) – em inglês, Food Born Diseases.

Os produtos de origem animal e as toxinfecções alimentares

A contaminação de alimentos, principalmente microbiana, endógena ou exógena, converte-os em veiculadores de agentes que originam infecções ou intoxicações no homem. Essas afecções são conhecidas com o nome genérico de enfermidades transmitidas pelos alimentos(ETAs) em inglês, Food Born Diseases.

Rapid detection of Salmonella Typhi by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method

An in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was established and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from Kelantan, Malaysia. Three sets of primers consisting of two outer and 4 inner were designed based on locus STBHUCCB_38510 of chaperone PapD of S. Typhi genes. The reaction was optimised using genomic DNA of S. Typhi ATCC7251 as the template. The products were visualised directly by colour changes of the reaction. Positive results were indicated by green fluorescence and negative by orange colour. The test was further evaluated for specificity, sensitivity and application on field samples. The results were compared with those obtained by gold standard culture method and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method was highly specific and -10 times more sensitive in detecting S. Typhi compared to the optimised conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Pequeno dossiê epidemiológico da Salmonella, como causadora de infecções alimentares / Epidemiologic studies of the Salmonella, as casual of infections food

A salmonelose é considerada um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública em todos os países. O gênero Salmonella é um dos principais agentes envolvidos nos surtos de toxinfecções alimentares. Grande parte dos surtos está associada ao consumo de alimentos de origem animal. Este artigo descreve a ação da Salmonella como agente causador de surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos, em diferentes partes do mundo. Além de apresentar as principais medidas de controle e prevenção.(AU)

Salmonelosis is considered to be one of the most important public health problems in all countries. The Salmonella gender is one of agent principal involved in food poisoning outbreak. Numerous outbreaks are associate to the consumption of the foods from animal origin. This article describes the Salmonella as the casual agent of foodborne disease in different parts of the world. Beyond present main measure of control and prevention. (AU)