Aborto em bovinos e bubalinos: causas específicas e inespecíficas / Abortion in cattle and buffaloes: specific and non-specific causes

O aborto é caracterizado como a expulsão do feto sem viabilidade para fora do ambiente uterino da progenitora durante o período que vai do 42° dia a o 260° dia. São descritos diversos fatores infecciosos e não infecciosos como etiologia para o aborto. Dentre os infecciosos, destacam-se as infecções por bactérias, vírus, protozoários e fungos. Enquanto as causas não infecciosas englobam falhas de manejo nutricional, intoxicações e medicamentos que ocasionalmente podem levar à morte fetal. Essa mortalidade fetal é causa importante de perdas reprodutivas na cadeia produtiva de animais domésticos, especialmente bovinos e bubalinos. Ambas as espécies participam da produtividade econômica no Brasil e compartilham de diversas doenças que são causas de aborto. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta revisão foi reunir e discorrer sobre as principais informações concernentes às possíveis etiologias do aborto, sejam elas de origem infecciosa ou não infecciosas nas espécies bovinas e bubalinas no Brasil.

Abortion is characterized as the expulsion of the non-viable fetus outside the mother's uterine environment during the period between the 42nd day to the 260th day. Several infectious and non-infectious factors are described as etiology for miscarriage. Among the infectious, infections by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi stand out, while non-infectious causes include failures in nutritional management, poisoning, and medications that occasionally can lead to fetal death. This fetal mortality is an important cause of reproductive losses in the production chain of domestic animals, especially cattle and buffaloes. Both species participate in economic productivity in Brazil and share several diseases that are causes of abortion. In this context, this review aimed to gather and discuss the main information concerning the possible etiologies of abortion, whether of infectious or non-infectious origin in bovine and buffalo species in Brazil.

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses / Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e morte perinatal em equinos

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses were investigated in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) from 2000 to 2015. In this period, 107 cases were analyzed using macroscopic, microscopic, and complementary tests. Of these, 77 were aborted fetuses, 16 were stillbirths, and 14 were perinatal deaths. Conclusive diagnosis was established in 42.8% of the fetuses analyzed, with 28.6% classified as infectious origin, 9.1% as non-infectious, and 5.1% as other. Bacterial infections, especially those related to Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently observed. In stillborn foals, diagnosis was established in 62.5% of cases, and 50% of these were related to non-infectious causes, such as dystocia and birth traumas. As for perinatal mortality, a conclusive diagnosis was reached in 78.57% of cases, and infectious causes associated with bacterial infections accounted for 64.1% of these diagnoses.

Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e mortalidade perinatal em equinos foram investigadas no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) durante o período de 2000 a 2015. Nesse período, foram analisados 107 casos através de exames macroscópico, microscópico e exames complementares, desses 77 correspondiam a fetos abortados, 16 natimortos e 14 mortes perinatais. Diagnóstico conclusivo foi estabelecido em 42,8% dos fetos analisados e classificados como origem infecciosa em 28,6% dos casos, não infecciosa com 9,1% e outros com 5,1% dos casos. As infecções bacterianas, em especial as relacionadas a Streptococcus spp. foram as mais frequentemente observadas. Em potros natimortos, diagnostico foi estabelecido em 62,5% dos casos, e destes, 50% foram relacionados a causas não infecciosas, como distocia e traumas durante o parto. Quanto a mortalidade perinatal, em 78,57% dos casos houve um diagnostico conclusivo, e as causas infecciosas associadas a infecções bacterianas corresponderam a 64,1% desses diagnósticos.

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses / Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e morte perinatal em equinos

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses were investigated in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) from 2000 to 2015. In this period, 107 cases were analyzed using macroscopic, microscopic, and complementary tests. Of these, 77 were aborted fetuses, 16 were stillbirths, and 14 were perinatal deaths. Conclusive diagnosis was established in 42.8% of the fetuses analyzed, with 28.6% classified as infectious origin, 9.1% as non-infectious, and 5.1% as other. Bacterial infections, especially those related to Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently observed. In stillborn foals, diagnosis was established in 62.5% of cases, and 50% of these were related to non-infectious causes, such as dystocia and birth traumas. As for perinatal mortality, a conclusive diagnosis was reached in 78.57% of cases, and infectious causes associated with bacterial infections accounted for 64.1% of these diagnoses.(AU)

Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e mortalidade perinatal em equinos foram investigadas no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) durante o período de 2000 a 2015. Nesse período, foram analisados 107 casos através de exames macroscópico, microscópico e exames complementares, desses 77 correspondiam a fetos abortados, 16 natimortos e 14 mortes perinatais. Diagnóstico conclusivo foi estabelecido em 42,8% dos fetos analisados e classificados como origem infecciosa em 28,6% dos casos, não infecciosa com 9,1% e outros com 5,1% dos casos. As infecções bacterianas, em especial as relacionadas a Streptococcus spp. foram as mais frequentemente observadas. Em potros natimortos, diagnostico foi estabelecido em 62,5% dos casos, e destes, 50% foram relacionados a causas não infecciosas, como distocia e traumas durante o parto. Quanto a mortalidade perinatal, em 78,57% dos casos houve um diagnostico conclusivo, e as causas infecciosas associadas a infecções bacterianas corresponderam a 64,1% desses diagnósticos.(AU)

Achado acidental de mumificação fetal em cadela cardiopata / Accidental finding of mummified fetus in bitch with cardiac disease

A mumificação fetal é um processo que ocorre após a morte do feto, que já tem mineralização da matriz óssea do esqueleto. O mecanismo exato deste fenômeno não é totalmente conhecido, entretanto, sabe-se que após a morte fetal ocorre rápida absorção dos fluidos uterinos e fetais juntamente com a involução uterina. As membranas fetais e placentárias desidratadas aderem ao feto formando uma massa seca e dura. Apesar de ser considerada incomum, já foi descrita em várias espécies de animais. É de rara ocorrência em cadelas e gatas. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar o diagnóstico acidental de mumificação fetal em uma cadela com sinais de alteração cardíaca. Uma cadela de 11 anos apresentando sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva foi submetida a radiografia torácica para avaliação da cardiopatia. No exame radiográfico foi observado acidentalmente a presença de um feto mumificado na cavidade abdominal cranial direita. A paciente foi submetida ao tratamento clínico para estabilização e controle dos sinais e apresentou, posteriormente, uma rápida recuperação clínica. O animal não apresentava sinais ou complicações decorrentes da mumificação fetal. Visto isso e para não a submeter aos riscos cirúrgicos, a tutora optou por não realizar o procedimento cirúrgico para retirada do feto. O presente relato descreve um caso clínico atípico de mumificação em cadela, pois não houve procedimento terapêutico específico e isso não interferiu com a boa qualidade de vida da paciente.

Fetal mummification occurs after the death of the fetus, which already has mineralization the skeleton bone matrix. The exact mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood; however, it is known that after fetal death a fast absorption of uterine and fetal fluids take place along with uterine involution. Dehydrated fetal and placental membranes adhere to the fetus forming a dry, hard mass. Although considered unusual, it has been described in various species of animals. It is rare in dogs and cats. The purpose of this paper was to report the accidental diagnosis of fetal mummification in a bitch with signs of cardiac alteration. An 11-year-old bitch showing signs of congestive heart failure was admitted to a veterinary clinic and it was requested to perform chest radiographs for heart evaluation. Radiography accidentally revealed the presence of mummified fetus in the right cranial abdominal cavity. The patient was submitted to clinical treatment for stabilization and control of the disease signs and clinical recovery rapidly occurred. The animal showed no signs or complications due to fetal mummification and had a good quality of life. Once the dog was clinically normal, and not to submit it to surgical risks, the owner chose not to perform the surgical procedure to remove the mummified fetus.

Abortamento por Neospora caninum em bovinos de leite no sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil / Abortion due to Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Southern Santa Catarina state, Brazil

Background: Neosporosis is a cosmopolitan disease known as the main infectious cause of abortion in cattle, reported in several states in Brazil. The transplacental transmission in cattle is responsible for perpetuating the disease in the herd. In the state of Santa Catarina, previous studies on this protozoan in cattle are mostly serological surveys. To increase information about this reproductive disorder, this work describes the diagnosis of abortions due to Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from state of Santa Catarina and the follow-up for 4 years in a farm affected by neosporosis. Cases: From 2015 to 2019, necropsy was performed on 10 aborted bovine fetuses, between fifth and eighth month of pregnancy, with 1 fetus aborted in 2015, 3 in 2016, 2 in 2017 and, 4 in 2019, all originating from the same dairy property in the southern region of state of Santa Catarina. No macroscopic lesions were found. Histopathology revealed mild to moderate multifocal mononuclear necrotizing encephalitis in 5 fetuses, and multifocal mild mononuclear myositis and myocarditis in 4 and 3 fetuses, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers based on the Nc-5 gene was positive for N. caninum in five fetuses. Three visits were performed in the farm for epidemiological evaluation and blood samples collection for IgG antibodies anti-N. caninum (IFAT). The total herd was 170 Jersey, Holstein and crossbred cattle, raised in a semi-confined system with mechanical milking system. Since 2014, there has been a significant increase in abortions cases, approximately 20 cows had abortions; in the year 2015, approximately 10; in 2016, less than 5; in 2017, 4 cows aborted; in 2018, 11 abortions and, in 2019, there were 4 abortions. An increase in the rate of return to estrus was also reported, and both primiparous and multiparous cows had reproductive disorders. Abortions were recorded throughout the year and occurred predominantly between the fourth and sixth month of pregnancy. In 2016, an Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFAT) was performed on sera from 26 cows (13 with a history of reproductive disorders and another 13 without disorders). Of these, 50.0% (13/26) were seropositive, with titers ranging from 100 to 1600 (cutoff ≥100). The Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) of the entire herd was carried out in 2017, with 26.54% (43/162) of seropositivity, 8.02% (13/162) suspect, and 30.4% (17/56) had reproductive disorders. It was observed that only animals born on the property were used for replacement, there was less possibility of direct contact between dogs on the property with milking facilities, placental and fetal remains, properly disposing of these, incinerating or burying. Thirty animals were discarded from the property, 25 of which had reproductive disorders. All young female daughters of seropositive cows remained on the property for replacement. During the evaluation period, all dogs were eliminated. Discussion: In this study, the diagnosis of neosporosis was made through epidemiology, histopathological lesions characterized by mononuclear encephalitis, myocarditis and myositis, and detection of the agent by PCR, associated with serological techniques. The lesions observed are indicative of N. caninum infection and are compatible with lesions observed in other studies. Serological screening is important to complement the diagnosis of abortion by N. caninum and to help control the agent in herds. From this report it is concluded that N. caninum is an important agent of reproductive disorders in cattle in the southern region of Santa Catarina, the different serological analyzes showed a good screening index for the inclusion of control strategies. In addition, the monitoring of reproductive rates of affected properties becomes necessary over the years, allowing better observation of control strategies.

A molecular survey reveals high occurrence of co-infections in intensive pork production farms with increased rates of mummified swine fetuses in Southern Brazil / [Pesquisa molecular revela alta ocorrência de coinfecções em granjas de produção intensiva de suínos com altas taxas de mumificação fetal no sul do Brasil]

Neste estudo, 308 amostras de fetos mumificados foram testadas para parvovírus suíno (PPV), circovírus suíno tipos 2 e 3 (PCV2 e PCV3) e leptospiras patogênicas. A idade gestacional no momento da perda gestacional e a frequência da mumificação fetal de acordo com a ordem de parto também foram investigadas. As amostras foram coletadas em granjas comerciais de criação de suínos da região sul do Brasil que apresentassem taxas de mumificação fetal igual ou maiores a 2,5%. Fragmentos de pulmão, rim, fígado e coração de fetos suínos mumificados foram coletados para análise molecular. Resultados da PCR foram classificados de acordo com a região de origem das amostras, tendo Santa Catarina, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul contabilizado 87 (28,25%), 89 (28,90%) e 132 (42,86%) do total de amostras de fetos suínos mumificados, respectivamente. Coinfecções foram observadas na maioria dos casos e PCV3 foi o agente mais prevalente detectado, encontrado em 298 amostras (96,75%). A maioria das perdas gestacionais foi observada entre 50 e 70 dias de gestação (168; 54,5%) e a mumificação fetal não foi associada à ordem de parto das matrizes. Os achados sugerem que as altas taxas de fetos suínos mumificados na região Sul do Brasil podem ser explicadas pela infecção com esses agentes virais.(AU)

Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.(AU)

Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.

Abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil: case report / Aborto equino associado à infecção transplacentária de Theileria equi, Espírito Santo, Brasil: relato de caso

Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. We report a case of abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil. An apparently healthy mare aborted at the tenth month of gestation. At necropsy, the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and visible mucosae of the aborted fetus were pale, and there was moderate hydrothorax and marked splenomegaly. Microscopic findings included splenic lymphoid hyperplasia and nephrosis. Merozoite-infected erythrocytes were found within blood vessels of all organs examined and were most numerous in the brain. DNA extracted from the spleen, liver, kidney, and thymus was used as a template for PCR. Generic primers were employed for the detection of piroplasm 18S ribosomal gene. All samples were positive for piroplasm DNA by PCR. Amplicons were purified and then sequenced. Sequencing analysis of these amplicons revealed 98% identity to T. equi sequences. Based on our findings, we suggest that abortion in this case resulted from transplacental Theileria infection.(AU)

A piroplasmose equina é transmitida por carrapatos, sendo causada pelos protozoários Babesia caballi e Theileria equi. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de aborto equino associado à piroplasmose fetal. Uma égua gestante, aparentemente saudável, abortou no 10º mês de gestação. Na necropsia do feto, foi observada palidez de subcutâneo, da musculatura esquelética e das mucosas visíveis, moderado hidrotórax e acentuada esplenomegalia. Histologicamente, havia hiperplasia linfoide esplênica e nefrose. Muitos merozoítos foram observados em eritrócitos nos vasos sanguíneos de todos os órgãos examinados, com maior intensidade no encéfalo. Amostras de DNA do baço, fígado, rim e timo foram utilizadas para PCR com primers genéricos para detecção de sequências do gene 18S ribossomal de piroplasmas, com resultado positivo para todas as amostras. Em seguida, os amplicons das amostras de baço foram purificados, sequenciados e, após análise, mostraram 98% de identidade com a sequência de T. equi. Portanto, as alterações microscópicas, os resultados de PCR e sequenciamento confirmam aborto associado à T. equi por transmissão transplacentária.(AU)

High prevalence of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus, and pathogenic leptospires in mummified swine fetuses in Southern Brazil / Alta prevalência de parvovírus suíno, circovírus suíno 2 e leptospiras patogênicas em fetos suínos mumificados na região Sul do Brasil

Modern swine production employs a high degree of technology and is organized in various production stages, in which reproduction is one of the most significant. However, reproductive losses associated to fetal death are still high. Fetal losses, including fetal mummification, may occur at a rate below 1.5% in a sound herd. The causes of fetal death can be very diverse, and include various infectious agents. Therefore, investigating the causes of fetal losses is important in the decision-making process related to the control and prophylaxis of the herd. The goal of this study was to carry out a molecular survey, analyzing porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and pathogenic Leptospira as potential agents related to fetal death in swine farms in Southern Brazil. We collected samples from three farms with a mummified index ≥ 2.5%. Fragments of brain, lung, kidney, liver, and heart were sampled for PCR analysis. Out of 100 samples examined, 87, 68, and 22 were positive for PCV2, PPV, and Leptospira spp., respectively. Moreover, we also identified coinfections with two and three pathogens in the same sample. Our findings contribute to the spreading of scientific knowledge related to infectious causes (PPV, PCV2, and pathogenic leptospires) of fetal losses in swine, as evidenced by the high frequencies of the investigated agents.(AU)

A produção moderna de suínos emprega um alto grau de tecnologia e é organizada em várias etapas de produção, nas quais a reprodução é uma das mais importantes. No entanto, as perdas reprodutivas associadas à morte fetal ainda são altas. Perdas fetais, incluindo mumificação, podem ocorrer em taxa abaixo de 1,5% em rebanhos sadios. As causas da morte fetal podem ser diversas, incluindo causas infecciosas. Portanto, a investigação de causas relacionadas à ocorrência de perdas fetais é importante no processo relacionado ao controle e profilaxia do rebanho. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento molecular, incluindo circovírus suíno 2 (PCV2), parvovírus suíno (PPV), e leptospiras patogênicas como potenciais agentes relacionados à morte fetal em suínos no sul do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de três granjas com índice de fetos mumificados ≥ 2,5%. Fragmentos de cérebro, pulmão, rim, fígado e coração foram amostrados para análise por PCR. Das 100 amostras examinadas, 87 foram positivas para PCV2, 68 foram positivas para PPV e 22 foram positivas para Leptospira spp. Além disso, também identificamos co-infecções com dois e três patógenos em uma mesma amostra. Os resultados encontrados contribuem para a disseminação do conhecimento científico relacionado às causas infecciosas (PCV2, PPV e Leptospiras patogênicas) relacionadas às perdas fetais em suínos, assim como evidenciam a alta frequência dos agentes pesquisados.(AU)

Abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil: case report / Aborto equino associado à infecção transplacentária de Theileria equi, Espírito Santo, Brasil: relato de caso

Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. We report a case of abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil. An apparently healthy mare aborted at the tenth month of gestation. At necropsy, the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and visible mucosae of the aborted fetus were pale, and there was moderate hydrothorax and marked splenomegaly. Microscopic findings included splenic lymphoid hyperplasia and nephrosis. Merozoite-infected erythrocytes were found within blood vessels of all organs examined and were most numerous in the brain. DNA extracted from the spleen, liver, kidney, and thymus was used as a template for PCR. Generic primers were employed for the detection of piroplasm 18S ribosomal gene. All samples were positive for piroplasm DNA by PCR. Amplicons were purified and then sequenced. Sequencing analysis of these amplicons revealed 98% identity to T. equi sequences. Based on our findings, we suggest that abortion in this case resulted from transplacental Theileria infection.(AU)

A piroplasmose equina é transmitida por carrapatos, sendo causada pelos protozoários Babesia caballi e Theileria equi. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de aborto equino associado à piroplasmose fetal. Uma égua gestante, aparentemente saudável, abortou no 10º mês de gestação. Na necropsia do feto, foi observada palidez de subcutâneo, da musculatura esquelética e das mucosas visíveis, moderado hidrotórax e acentuada esplenomegalia. Histologicamente, havia hiperplasia linfoide esplênica e nefrose. Muitos merozoítos foram observados em eritrócitos nos vasos sanguíneos de todos os órgãos examinados, com maior intensidade no encéfalo. Amostras de DNA do baço, fígado, rim e timo foram utilizadas para PCR com primers genéricos para detecção de sequências do gene 18S ribossomal de piroplasmas, com resultado positivo para todas as amostras. Em seguida, os amplicons das amostras de baço foram purificados, sequenciados e, após análise, mostraram 98% de identidade com a sequência de T. equi. Portanto, as alterações microscópicas, os resultados de PCR e sequenciamento confirmam aborto associado à T. equi por transmissão transplacentária.(AU)

Maceração fetal em cadela / Fetal maceration in dog

The fetal maceration characterized by the use of contraceptives erratically, causing disruptive degenerative changes of the fetus. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation by the anamnesis, more ultrasound is strictly required the latter to better diagnosis. The treatment was ovary-salpinge-hysterectomy.

Maceração fetal em cadela / Fetal maceration in dog

The fetal maceration characterized by the use of contraceptives erratically, causing disruptive degenerative changes of the fetus. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation by the anamnesis, more ultrasound is strictly required the latter to better diagnosis. The treatment was ovary-salpinge-hysterectomy.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo da ocorrência de falhas reprodutivas em vacas leiteiras / Retrospective study of reproductive failure occurrence in dairy cows

Para a adequação da atividade leiteira, é de fundamental importância a determinação de uma produção mais rentável com o uso intensivo da área para a produção de forragem, um controle da eficiência reprodutiva e menor idade ao primeiro parto. Este estudo objetivou quantificar a ocorrência de abortos e natimortos em vacas leiteiras nas fazendas São Caetano e Chapadão no município de Morrinhos-Go. O acompanhamento das falhas reprodutivas foi feito diariamente durante seis anos, de 2008 a 2013. O técnico responsável pelo setor registrava as ocorrências nas agendas de escrituração zootécnica das fazendas. Em 2014, os dados foram recuperados dos arquivos das fazendas e lançados em planilha digital. Para a análise estatística, as variáveis das taxas de aborto e natimorto (%) foram submetidas à análise de variância, ao nível de significância de 5%, tendo como causa de variação o ano. A taxa de aborto observada foi 3,93% e a taxa de natimortalidade 2,89% ambas consideradas baixas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os anos acompanhados (p < 0,05) em ambos. A natimortalidade e o aborto não são considerados problemas nas fazendas estudadas, devido às boas práticas de controle e manejo.

For the adequacy of the milk activity, it is of fundamental importance to determine a more profitable production with the intensive use of the area for the production of forage, a control of the reproductive efficiency and lower age at the first calving. This study aimed to quantify the occurrence of abortions and stillbirths in dairy cows in the São Caetano and Chapadão farms in the town of Morrinhos-Go. The monitoring of reproductive failures was done daily for six years, from 2008 to 2013. The technician responsible for the sector recorded the occurrences in the agricultural bookkeeping agendas of the farms. In 2014, the data were retrieved from the farm files and released on a digital spreadsheet. For the statistical analysis, the variables of the abortion and stillbirth rates (%) were submitted to analysis of variance, at a significance level of 5%, having as cause of variation the year. The observed abortion rate was 3.93% and the stillbirth rate 2.89% both considered low. There was no significant difference between the years followed (p <0.05) in both. Stillbirth and abortion are not considered problems in the farms studied, due to the good practices of control and management.

Abortion and fetal death in bitches due anemia caused by vector-borne diseases / Abortamento e morte fetal em cadelas devido anemia causada por doenças transmitidas por vetores

Doenças infecciosas são as maiores responsáveis por falhas reprodutivas (FR) em cadelas, causando aborto, morte fetal e natimortalidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre agentes infecciosos, FR inexplicáveis e anemia em cadelas. Todas as amostras maternas e fetais foram negativas para a presença dos principais agentes infecciosos causadores de FR: herpes vírus canino 1, Neospora caninum, Brucella spp. e B. canis, enquanto agentes como o de Leishmania spp., parvovírus canino, Ehrlichia canis e Anaplasma platys foram encontrados em sangue materno. Coinfecções de A. platys/E. canis e A. platys/Leishmania spp. foram diagnosticadas. Os resultados indicam que os animais com anemia causadas por doenças transmitidas por vetores podem ser mais suscetíveis a sofrerem FR do que animais com valores hematológicos normais.(AU)

Abortion and fetal death in bitches due anemia caused by vector-borne diseases / Abortamento e morte fetal em cadelas devido anemia causada por doenças transmitidas por vetores

Doenças infecciosas são as maiores responsáveis por falhas reprodutivas (FR) em cadelas, causando aborto, morte fetal e natimortalidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre agentes infecciosos, FR inexplicáveis e anemia em cadelas. Todas as amostras maternas e fetais foram negativas para a presença dos principais agentes infecciosos causadores de FR: herpes vírus canino 1, Neospora caninum, Brucella spp. e B. canis, enquanto agentes como o de Leishmania spp., parvovírus canino, Ehrlichia canis e Anaplasma platys foram encontrados em sangue materno. Coinfecções de A. platys/E. canis e A. platys/Leishmania spp. foram diagnosticadas. Os resultados indicam que os animais com anemia causadas por doenças transmitidas por vetores podem ser mais suscetíveis a sofrerem FR do que animais com valores hematológicos normais.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo da ocorrência de falhas reprodutivas em vacas leiteiras / Retrospective study of reproductive failure occurrence in dairy cows

Para a adequação da atividade leiteira, é de fundamental importância a determinação de uma produção mais rentável com o uso intensivo da área para a produção de forragem, um controle da eficiência reprodutiva e menor idade ao primeiro parto. Este estudo objetivou quantificar a ocorrência de abortos e natimortos em vacas leiteiras nas fazendas São Caetano e Chapadão no município de Morrinhos-Go. O acompanhamento das falhas reprodutivas foi feito diariamente durante seis anos, de 2008 a 2013. O técnico responsável pelo setor registrava as ocorrências nas agendas de escrituração zootécnica das fazendas. Em 2014, os dados foram recuperados dos arquivos das fazendas e lançados em planilha digital. Para a análise estatística, as variáveis das taxas de aborto e natimorto (%) foram submetidas à análise de variância, ao nível de significância de 5%, tendo como causa de variação o ano. A taxa de aborto observada foi 3,93% e a taxa de natimortalidade 2,89% ambas consideradas baixas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os anos acompanhados (p < 0,05) em ambos. A natimortalidade e o aborto não são considerados problemas nas fazendas estudadas, devido às boas práticas de controle e manejo.(AU)

For the adequacy of the milk activity, it is of fundamental importance to determine a more profitable production with the intensive use of the area for the production of forage, a control of the reproductive efficiency and lower age at the first calving. This study aimed to quantify the occurrence of abortions and stillbirths in dairy cows in the São Caetano and Chapadão farms in the town of Morrinhos-Go. The monitoring of reproductive failures was done daily for six years, from 2008 to 2013. The technician responsible for the sector recorded the occurrences in the agricultural bookkeeping agendas of the farms. In 2014, the data were retrieved from the farm files and released on a digital spreadsheet. For the statistical analysis, the variables of the abortion and stillbirth rates (%) were submitted to analysis of variance, at a significance level of 5%, having as cause of variation the year. The observed abortion rate was 3.93% and the stillbirth rate 2.89% both considered low. There was no significant difference between the years followed (p <0.05) in both. Stillbirth and abortion are not considered problems in the farms studied, due to the good practices of control and management.(AU)

Gravidez ectópica em gata associada à mumificação fetal / Ectopic pregnancy in cat associated with a fetal mummification

The objective of this study was to report a case of ectopic pregnancy in a domestic feline. It conducted aphysical examination and blood count, biochemistry, x-ray, abdominal ultrasound and electrocardiogram. Bloodcount and serum biochemistry was not observed any changes. In radiographic examination, there was increasedradiopacity in the cranial region to the heart, heart silhouette presented is positioned horizontally to thethoracic floor. In cranial abdomen was noticed accidentally, a radiopaque structure, well-defined, out of thetopography of uterus, suggesting fetus macerated ectopic. In ultrasound examination was not observed anystructure within the uterus. The animal was referred to surgery, to carry out the exploratory laparotomy andovariosalpingohisterectomy. the mummified fetus was adhered to the omentum, located in the cranial region left abdomen was removed.(AU)

Gravidez ectópica em gata associada à mumificação fetal / Ectopic pregnancy in cat associated with a fetal mummification

The objective of this study was to report a case of ectopic pregnancy in a domestic feline. It conducted aphysical examination and blood count, biochemistry, x-ray, abdominal ultrasound and electrocardiogram. Bloodcount and serum biochemistry was not observed any changes. In radiographic examination, there was increasedradiopacity in the cranial region to the heart, heart silhouette presented is positioned horizontally to thethoracic floor. In cranial abdomen was noticed accidentally, a radiopaque structure, well-defined, out of thetopography of uterus, suggesting fetus macerated ectopic. In ultrasound examination was not observed anystructure within the uterus. The animal was referred to surgery, to carry out the exploratory laparotomy andovariosalpingohisterectomy. the mummified fetus was adhered to the omentum, located in the cranial region left abdomen was removed.

Ovarian and uterine horn agenesis accompanied by ectopic fetal mummification in canine / Agenesia ovariana e de corno uterino acompanhada por mumificação fetal ectópica em canino

Background: The uterine horn agenesis or aplasia is a rare anomaly consisting of absence or incomplete development of the paramesonephric ducts that origin the uterine horns. This change occurs during fetal formation and may occur concomitantly to agenesis of the ovary and/or ipsilateral kidney. The extra-uterine pregnancy consists of fetal growth outside the uterine cavity and can occur as a tubal or abdominal pregnancy. We report here the case of a 7-years-old mix breed dog, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, with accidental diagnosis of agenesis of uterine horn and ovaries and ectopic fetal mummification. Case: A 7-years-old mix breed dog, not spayed, was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT), complaining of mucous bloody vaginal discharge. The patient had regular estrus and was multiparous. There was no mating history in the last estrus neither trauma over the past months. In previous pregnancies the patient presented eutocic labors. On physical examination the dog showed apathy although it was alert, pale mucous membranes, presence of perivulvar blackish secretion and discreet abdominal enlargement. As preoperative exams, a complete blood count, liver and renal function (serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase) were performed. It has also performed the abdominal ultrasound [...]