Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.(AU)

Chondrodysplasia Bulldog type in cattle in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Chondrodysplasia is a congenital or hereditary disorder of the endochondral ossification that results in several degrees of disproportionate dwarfism. Reports of this disease are scarce in the national literature and do not emphasize radiographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and radiographic aspects of a case of Bulldog type chondrodysplasia in a crossbred bovine fetus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The fetus exhibited arounded and disproportionate skull, bilateral exophthalmos, inferior brachygnathism, partial tongue protrusion, extremely short limbs, short vertebral column and ventral abdominal hernia. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the diaphysis were the only calcified bone portions of the limbs, that the vertebral column was shortened without vertebral spinal processes and that there was craniofacial disproportion. Microscopic of the femur showed an irregular epiphyseal plaque, formed by denseclusters of chondrocytes with absence of growth plate zones. The metaphysis was markedly short and consisted of thick bony trabeculae, surrounded by cartilaginous islands. It was concluded that fetuses with Bulldog type chondrodysplasia exhibit slight morphological and radiographic variation according to the affected breed and that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the miniature Jersey and Punganur population in the state of Bahia.

Congenital secondary hypothyroidism evidences in a dog

Background: Deficiency of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) results in multisystemic disease described as hypothyroidism (HpoT). Secondary HpoT is defined by TSH decreased production and, therefore, thyroid hormones. This condition is rare in dogs, accounting for less than 5% of cases. The objective of this report is to describe evidence of congenital secondary hypothyroidism in a mongrel dog and therapeutic response obtained.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male mongrel dog was brought to the veterinarian with a history of overweight without polyphagia, associated with discrete alopecia, poor quality skin and hair coat, lethargy and evident exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of seven (1 to 9 scale), disqueratosis, pyoderma, ventral cervical alopecia, hair thinning on the posterior surface of the pelvic limbs and nonpalpable thyroid. A body conformation characterized by disproportionate dwarfism was observed. Owners provided a former patient´s X-ray (18 months of age), showing growth plate non-closure in vertebral bodies. Results of a complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemical profile were within normal limits except for elevated fructosamine (459 µmol/L; reference range: 170-338 µmol/L) and total cholesterol (558 mg/dL; reference range: 135-270 mg/dL). Analyses of the hormone profile showed decreased levels of canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) 0.03 ng/mL (reference range: 0.05-0.5 ng/mL), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fdT4) 0.57 ng/dL (reference range: 0.8-3.0 ng/dL), and total thyroxine (tT4) 5.1 ng/mL (reference range: 15-30 ng/mL). A distal forelimb X-ray was performed and showed opened epiphyseal growth plates from radius and ulnar bones. The patient was discharged with sodium levothyroxine (20 µg/kg PO q 24 hr) until re-evaluation...

Congenital secondary hypothyroidism evidences in a dog

Background: Deficiency of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) results in multisystemic disease described as hypothyroidism (HpoT). Secondary HpoT is defined by TSH decreased production and, therefore, thyroid hormones. This condition is rare in dogs, accounting for less than 5% of cases. The objective of this report is to describe evidence of congenital secondary hypothyroidism in a mongrel dog and therapeutic response obtained.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male mongrel dog was brought to the veterinarian with a history of overweight without polyphagia, associated with discrete alopecia, poor quality skin and hair coat, lethargy and evident exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of seven (1 to 9 scale), disqueratosis, pyoderma, ventral cervical alopecia, hair thinning on the posterior surface of the pelvic limbs and nonpalpable thyroid. A body conformation characterized by disproportionate dwarfism was observed. Owners provided a former patient´s X-ray (18 months of age), showing growth plate non-closure in vertebral bodies. Results of a complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemical profile were within normal limits except for elevated fructosamine (459 µmol/L; reference range: 170-338 µmol/L) and total cholesterol (558 mg/dL; reference range: 135-270 mg/dL). Analyses of the hormone profile showed decreased levels of canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) 0.03 ng/mL (reference range: 0.05-0.5 ng/mL), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fdT4) 0.57 ng/dL (reference range: 0.8-3.0 ng/dL), and total thyroxine (tT4) 5.1 ng/mL (reference range: 15-30 ng/mL). A distal forelimb X-ray was performed and showed opened epiphyseal growth plates from radius and ulnar bones. The patient was discharged with sodium levothyroxine (20 µg/kg PO q 24 hr) until re-evaluation...(AU)

Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) / Detecção de vírus entéricos em pâncreas e baço de frangos com a síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo (RSS)

Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).(AU)

A doença entérica é um problema multifatorial em galinhas que causa alterações gastrointestinais, conversão alimentar elevada e deficiência de crescimento. Nos últimos anos, os vírus entéricos foram associados à doença entérica; casos reportados mostraram a infecção de um único vírus e também infecções concomitantes durante os surtos sugerindo a presença de múltiplos fatores etiológicos nas doenças entéricas. Este estudo mostra uma alta taxa de detecção dos vírus entéricos em amostras de pâncreas e baço de um surto de enterite e má-absorção em 16 lotes de frangos (n=80 frangos). O vírus de nefrite aviária (ANV) foi o vírus mais detectado, estando presente em 75% dos lotes seguido pelo rotavírus aviário grupo A (ART-A) em 68,75% dos casos, e pelo astrovirus (CAstV) e parvovírus aviários (ChPV), ambos em 43,75% das amostras. Os vírus estavam presentes no pâncreas dos lotes positivos em percentuais elevados: 100% para ART-A e CAstV; 91,7% para ANV, e em 57,14% para ChPV. Em contraste, somente 16,7% e 57,14%, em amostras de intestino, foram positivos para ANV e CAstV, respectivamente. Reovírus aviário (AReo) e o adenovírus do grupo 1 (FAdV-1) não foram detectados. Estes resultados sugerem que os elevados percentuais de vírus detectados em amostras de pâncreas podem estar associados à viremia durante a doença entérica, com subsequente lesão no pâncreas exócrino das aves levando ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo.(AU)

Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) / Detecção de vírus entéricos em pâncreas e baço de frangos com a síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo (RSS)

Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).(AU)

A doença entérica é um problema multifatorial em galinhas que causa alterações gastrointestinais, conversão alimentar elevada e deficiência de crescimento. Nos últimos anos, os vírus entéricos foram associados à doença entérica; casos reportados mostraram a infecção de um único vírus e também infecções concomitantes durante os surtos sugerindo a presença de múltiplos fatores etiológicos nas doenças entéricas. Este estudo mostra uma alta taxa de detecção dos vírus entéricos em amostras de pâncreas e baço de um surto de enterite e má-absorção em 16 lotes de frangos (n=80 frangos). O vírus de nefrite aviária (ANV) foi o vírus mais detectado, estando presente em 75% dos lotes seguido pelo rotavírus aviário grupo A (ART-A) em 68,75% dos casos, e pelo astrovirus (CAstV) e parvovírus aviários (ChPV), ambos em 43,75% das amostras. Os vírus estavam presentes no pâncreas dos lotes positivos em percentuais elevados: 100% para ART-A e CAstV; 91,7% para ANV, e em 57,14% para ChPV. Em contraste, somente 16,7% e 57,14%, em amostras de intestino, foram positivos para ANV e CAstV, respectivamente. Reovírus aviário (AReo) e o adenovírus do grupo 1 (FAdV-1) não foram detectados. Estes resultados sugerem que os elevados percentuais de vírus detectados em amostras de pâncreas podem estar associados à viremia durante a doença entérica, com subsequente lesão no pâncreas exócrino das aves levando ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo.(AU)

Características fenotípicas do nanismo em pôneis neonatos: relato de casos / Phenotypic findings of dwarfism in newborn pony: cases report

Foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário, três neonatos com características fenotípicas de nanismo, sendo dois Mini-Horses e um Pônei Brasileiro. Os animais apresentavam desproporcionalidade craniana, defeito de oclusão dentária e alterações osteo-musculares compatíveis com a anormalidade, como a deformação dos ossos metatarsianos e membros desproporcionalmente curtos. Ao exame radiográfico foram identificadas alterações fisárias de côndilos femorais e em epífise proximal dos terceiros ossos metatarsianos. Devido à elevada possibilidade de futuras complicações e perda da qualidade de vida, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. Ressalta-se a importância da divulgação e reconhecimento das alterações fenotípicas relacionadas como o nanismo em equinos, possibilitando que o diagnóstico possa direcionar os cruzamentos para a não transmissão desta anormalidade como herança genética.

Three newborn Mini-Horses and one Brazilian Pony horses were presented to the Veterinary Hospital with phenotypic appearance of dwarfism. They had relatively larger head conformation, occlusive dental defect and musculoskeletal changes such as abnormal short limbs and deformation on the third metatarsal bone. The radiographic examination showed abnormal growth plates on femoral condyle and proximal thirds metatarsal bones. Due to the high possibility of future complications and quality of life loss, the animals were euthanized. We emphasize the importance of recognition

Características fenotípicas do nanismo em pôneis neonatos: relato de casos / Phenotypic findings of dwarfism in newborn pony: cases report

Foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário, três neonatos com características fenotípicas de nanismo, sendo dois Mini-Horses e um Pônei Brasileiro. Os animais apresentavam desproporcionalidade craniana, defeito de oclusão dentária e alterações osteo-musculares compatíveis com a anormalidade, como a deformação dos ossos metatarsianos e membros desproporcionalmente curtos. Ao exame radiográfico foram identificadas alterações fisárias de côndilos femorais e em epífise proximal dos terceiros ossos metatarsianos. Devido à elevada possibilidade de futuras complicações e perda da qualidade de vida, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. Ressalta-se a importância da divulgação e reconhecimento das alterações fenotípicas relacionadas como o nanismo em equinos, possibilitando que o diagnóstico possa direcionar os cruzamentos para a não transmissão desta anormalidade como herança genética.(AU)

Three newborn Mini-Horses and one Brazilian Pony horses were presented to the Veterinary Hospital with phenotypic appearance of dwarfism. They had relatively larger head conformation, occlusive dental defect and musculoskeletal changes such as abnormal short limbs and deformation on the third metatarsal bone. The radiographic examination showed abnormal growth plates on femoral condyle and proximal thirds metatarsal bones. Due to the high possibility of future complications and quality of life loss, the animals were euthanized. We emphasize the importance of recognition (AU)

Condrodisplasia em bovinos no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Chondrodysplasia in cattle in Southern Brazil

Descrevem-se 14 casos de condrodisplasia em bovinos. Os dados epidemiológicos e clínicos foram obtidos de protocolos de necropsia e o estudo histológico das lesões foi realizado em fragmentos de ossos longos e ossos da base do crânio dos 14 casos estudados. Onze casos eram de condrodisplasia tipo Telemark e três, tipo bulldog (Dexter). Treze dos 14 bovinos afetados eram da raça Jersey e um era da raça Shorthorn. Concluiu-se que o gene transmissor das condrodisplasias encontra-se presente na população Jersey da região e medidas, como utilização de reprodutores de outras regiões e/ou com teste de progênie ou identificação de genes indesejáveis por meio de técnicas moleculares, devem contribuir para diminuir a ocorrência destes casos na população Jersey da região. (AU)

Fourteen cases of chondrodysplasia in cattle are described. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from filed necropsy protocols. A histological study of the lesions was performed on long and skull base bones. Eleven cases of chondrodysplasia Telemark type and three Bulldog (Dexter) type were observed. Thirteen out of 14 cases occurred in Jersey cattle and one in Shorthorn. It was concluded that the gene carrier of chondrodysplasia is present in the Jersey population of the region, and breeding measures such as the use of bulls from other regions and/or progeny testing or identification of undesirable genes using molecular techniques should help reduce the occurrence of these cases in the Jersey population of the region. (AU)

Nanismo por deficiência combinada de hormônios pituitários emum cão Pastor Alemão / Dwarfism due to combined pituitary hormone deficiency in a Germ an Shepherd Dog

O nanismo hipofisário é uma condição rara caracterizada pela deficiência congênita do hormônio docrescimento (GH). No Pastor Alemão, a doença é transmitida por um gene autossômico recessivo e podeocorrer de forma isolada ou em conjunto com a deficiência de outros hormônios da adenohipófise. Opresente trabalho relata a evolução clínica de um cão pastor alemão com deficiência combinada de hormônioshipofisários. Além da estatura reduzida, o cão demonstrava retardo no desenvolvimento mental,macroglossia, pelagem de filhote e persistência dos dentes decíduos. As alterações bioquímicas incluíramhipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia. As dosagens séricas de IGF-1 (5,0 nmol/L referência 4,0 a95,0), Tiroxina total (1,9 ng/mL referência 15 a 30), Tiroxina livre por diálise de equilíbrio (0,04 ng/dL –referência 0,08 a 3,0) e Tireotropina (TSH) (0,05 ng/ml referência 0,05 a 0,5) confirmaram o diagnósticode nanismo pituitário e hipotireoidismo secundário. Apesar do tratamento com hormônio tireoidiano, aausência de reposição do hormônio do crescimento resultou na progressão da doença e desenvolvimentode apatia, alopecia generalizada e hipotonia dérmica. Deficiências combinadas de GH e TSH já foramdescritas no Pastor Alemão em outros países, mas este parece ser o primeiro caso relatado no Brasil.(AU)

Pituitary dwarfism is a rare condition characterized by congenital deficiency of growth hormone (GH).In the German shepherd, GH deficiency is transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene and can occurisolated or combined with other pituitary hormones deficiencies. The present study describes the clinicalcourse of a German shepherd dog with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Besides the stuntedgrowth, the dog showed delayed mental development, macroglossia, puppy hair coat and persistence ofdeciduous teeth. Biochemical abnormalities included hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.The serum levels of IGF-1 (5.0 nmol / L - reference 4.0 to 95.0), total thyroxine (1.9 ng / mL - reference15 to 30), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (0, 04 ng / dL - reference 0.08 to 3.0) and thyrotropin(TSH) (0.05 ng / ml - reference 0.05 to 0.5) confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary dwarfism and secondaryhypothyroidism. Despite the thyroid hormone replacement, the absence of growth hormone treatmentresulted in disease progression and development of generalized alopecia and hypotonic skin. Combineddeficiencies of GH and TSH have been described in the German Shepherd in other countries, but thisseems to be the first report in Brazil.(AU)

Nanismo por deficiência combinada de hormônios pituitários emum cão Pastor Alemão / Dwarfism due to combined pituitary hormone deficiency in a Germ an Shepherd Dog

O nanismo hipofisário é uma condição rara caracterizada pela deficiência congênita do hormônio docrescimento (GH). No Pastor Alemão, a doença é transmitida por um gene autossômico recessivo e podeocorrer de forma isolada ou em conjunto com a deficiência de outros hormônios da adenohipófise. Opresente trabalho relata a evolução clínica de um cão pastor alemão com deficiência combinada de hormônioshipofisários. Além da estatura reduzida, o cão demonstrava retardo no desenvolvimento mental,macroglossia, pelagem de filhote e persistência dos dentes decíduos. As alterações bioquímicas incluíramhipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia. As dosagens séricas de IGF-1 (5,0 nmol/L – referência 4,0 a95,0), Tiroxina total (1,9 ng/mL – referência 15 a 30), Tiroxina livre por diálise de equilíbrio (0,04 ng/dL –referência 0,08 a 3,0) e Tireotropina (TSH) (0,05 ng/ml – referência 0,05 a 0,5) confirmaram o diagnósticode nanismo pituitário e hipotireoidismo secundário. Apesar do tratamento com hormônio tireoidiano, aausência de reposição do hormônio do crescimento resultou na progressão da doença e desenvolvimentode apatia, alopecia generalizada e hipotonia dérmica. Deficiências combinadas de GH e TSH já foramdescritas no Pastor Alemão em outros países, mas este parece ser o primeiro caso relatado no Brasil.

Pituitary dwarfism is a rare condition characterized by congenital deficiency of growth hormone (GH).In the German shepherd, GH deficiency is transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene and can occurisolated or combined with other pituitary hormones deficiencies. The present study describes the clinicalcourse of a German shepherd dog with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Besides the stuntedgrowth, the dog showed delayed mental development, macroglossia, puppy hair coat and persistence ofdeciduous teeth. Biochemical abnormalities included hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.The serum levels of IGF-1 (5.0 nmol / L - reference 4.0 to 95.0), total thyroxine (1.9 ng / mL - reference15 to 30), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (0, 04 ng / dL - reference 0.08 to 3.0) and thyrotropin(TSH) (0.05 ng / ml - reference 0.05 to 0.5) confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary dwarfism and secondaryhypothyroidism. Despite the thyroid hormone replacement, the absence of growth hormone treatmentresulted in disease progression and development of generalized alopecia and hypotonic skin. Combineddeficiencies of GH and TSH have been described in the German Shepherd in other countries, but thisseems to be the first report in Brazil.