Síndrome da feminização em cão com sertolioma / Feminization syndrome in a dog with Sertoli cell tumor

Background: The uncontrolled multiplication of Sertoli cells causes Sertoli cell tumor or Sertolioma. Because of this, the level of estrogen in the bloodstream increases rapidly and approximately 25% of dogs with this tumor develop feminization syndrome. Testicular neoplasms are more common in dogs than cats, and are often found in elderly patients. This work aims to describe the clinical signs of the feminization syndrome and the treatment instituted in a canine diagnosed with sertolioma. Case: A 18-year-old male canine, 19.5 kg of body mass, with an increase in testicular volume for about 2 years, was treated at the University Veterinary Hospital. On clinical examination, a matte and brittle coat, alopecia on the hind limbs and gynecomastia were observed. Also noted, non-harmonious aspect of the scrotum, pendular foreskin, atrophied right testicle and hyperplastic left, scrotal hyperthermia and absence of pain. In addition, as a result of the hyperestrogenism resulting from the neoplasm, the paraneoplastic syndrome of feminization, the patient also presented galactorrhea, pendular foreskin, atrophy of the penis and the contralateral testicle, dermatopathies, such as bilateral symmetrical alopecia of the flanks, easily removable hair and variable hyperpigmentation. Rectal body temperature of 38.6°C, clear lung auscultation and muffled cardiac auscultation. The results of laboratory tests showed changes such as thrombocytopenia, platelet counts below the reference levels, platelet count of 163,000/uL. There were no alterations that represented metastases in the imaging exams, such as in the chest X-ray in three incidences and in the abdominal ultrasonography. Then, we opted for the surgical procedure of orchiectomy, with the traditional technique of three clamps, associated with total ablation of the scrotum. Samples were sent to the histopathology laboratory and the diagnosis of sertolioma was confirmed. At 10, 30 and 90 days after the operation, the patient was reassessed for possible recurrences or alterations, but there were no complications or recurrence after the procedure. Discussion: Neoplasms of the male reproductive system are common in dogs. Sertolioma is considered one of the most frequent neoplasms in elderly dogs and that results in systemic clinical signs. This is in line with the 18-year-old dog described in the present report. In addition, it may result in clinical signs resulting from hyperestrogenism resulting from the neoplasm that is called paraneoplastic feminization syndrome. The characteristics of this syndrome are: gynecomastia, galactorrhea, pendular foreskin, atrophy of the penis and contralateral testicle, associated with dermatopathies, such as symmetrical bilateral alopecia. All these clinical signs were present. The diagnosis is made through complete anamnesis, complete clinical examination and complementary examination such as ultrasound help in the presumptive diagnosis, but only with histopathology can it be confirmed. In the clinical approach, histopathology was performed to close the diagnosis. Treatment is behind orchiectomy and total ablation of the scrotum, which was performed in the reported case. The treatment of choice was easy to apply, in addition to improving the patient's quality of life, promoting rapid post-surgical healing and an early return to normal life. However, for the effectiveness of the technique, the early diagnosis and collaboration of tutors is fundamental.

Seminoma in a gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) with unilateral cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism is the incomplete descent of the testes and associated structures, and cryptorchid testes are more likely to develop testicular neoplasms, such as seminoma. This is the first report of a seminoma in a cryptorchid wild-caught gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). The animal developed a unilateral seminoma with classical histopathological findings and benign behavior. Six months after the orchiectomy the cervid presented a metatarsal opened fracture, dying during the orthopedic surgery. No macro or micrometric metastasis was observed at the necropsy.(AU)

Bilateral testicular tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog: coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors

Background: Testicular neoplasms in dogs are more frequent than in other animal species, representing the most common tumors in elderly subjects after skin neoplasms. In cryptorchid subjects, the risk of neoplastic degeneration is high. The cytological examination is essential to differentiate the type of neoplasia and to determinate the best diagnostic approach. Aim of this report was to describe clinical and histopathological features of a dog with coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog. Case: A 9-year-old non-neutered male dog, German Spitz breed, was presented to the veterinary clinic. On clinical examination, the dog had a body condition (BCS 6/9), pink mucous membranes, capillary refill time (CRT) < 2 sec, lymph nodes of normal size, afebrile, normal heart and respiratory rate. The abdomen was depressible to palpation, without pain, the skin appeared hyperpigmented, with generalized presence of comedones, pendular foreskin and absence of hair at the abdominal level, in the ventral portion of the trunk and neck, scant hair also at the level of the inner thighs and in perianal. At ultrasounds examinations, the right testicle presented a hypoechoic circular focal lesion, in the caudal pole, of 0.7 cm in diameter, well defined, echogenicity and a remnant of normal echostructure, smooth and regular margins; the left testicle showed an increase in size, irregular margins, with a heterogeneous echo structure, given by hypoechoic areas, referred to cysts, hemorrhagic or necrotic areas. The hemogram reported slightly microcytic and normochromic regenerative anemia. The leukogram showed monocytosis. The absence of the typical stress leukogram characterized by neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and the reduction of ALP allows to rule out Cushing's disease. In order to rule out hypothyroidism due to the inhibitory effect of estrogens on the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) the concentration of total thyroxine was analyzed, reporting normal values excluding hypothyroidism. Blood oestradiol 17-ß (E2) concentration was increased, with a normal testosterone (T) concentration of 0.30 ng/mL. Given the suspicion of the presence of testicular tumors, castration was performed by the surgical excision of both gonads, after ruling out the presence of abdominal or pulmonary metastases by chest and abdominal radiography. Discussion: The clinical, histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of testicular tumors. According to the pathological report, both gonads presented parenchymal nodular neoplastic nodular areas referring to the Sertoli sustentacular cells in the right testicle, to the proliferation of Leydig interstitial cells in the left one. The nodule in the left testicle was unencapsulated and showed a solid-diffuse pattern. Neoplastic cells were irregular polygonal, medium to large in size with moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and moderate anisocytosis. In the right testicle, the nodule was heterogeneous in consistency and a diffuse pattern was present. Neoplastic cells were polygonal morphology, had a moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and were organized tubules lined and obliterated the extensive cell growth. Bilateral orchiectomy allowed to improve the clinical signs, and 3 months after surgery, the animal was in good health, with evident improvement skin lesions. The E2 analysis was repeated, detecting normal values, demonstrating that testicular neoplasm in this patient were involved in E2 production; also T concentration decreased considerably from 0.30 to < 0.07 values.

Disfunções endócrinas mais comuns e que podem afetar a atividade reprodutiva de cães / Endocrine dysfunctions that can affect reproductive activity in dogs

As disfunções hormonais podem interagir com eixo hipotalamo-hipófise-gônadas (H/H/G) resultando em alteração da espermatogênese e impactando negativamente a fertilidade dos machos. As endocrinopatias na espécie canina são mais frequentes nas fêmeas e muitas vezes os sinais clínicos iniciais envolvem alopecias e alterações de peso, comportamento e de metabolismo. As disfunções hormonais comuns em cães machos incluem o hipotireoidismo, hiperplasia prostática benigna e os tumores testiculares. Cães idosos geralmente apresentam alterações hormonais dependentes da idade, mas a literatura é escassa e conflitante em relação a esta condição, assim o objetivo dessa revisão é informar e atualizar conceitos relacionados às disfunções hormonais que podem causar infertilidade em cães machos com vistas a ferramentas mais modernas de diagnósticos e avaliação seminal.(AU)

Hormonal dysfunctions may interact with hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads (H/H/G) axis resulting in altered spermatogenesis and negatively impacting male fertility. Endocrinopathies in the canine species are more frequent in females and often the initial clinical signs involve alopecia and changes in weight, behavior, and metabolism. Common hormonal dysfunctions in male dogs include hypothyroidism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and testicular tumors. Older dogs usually present age- dependent hormonal changes, but the literature is scarce and conflicting regarding this condition, thus the aim of this review is to inform and update concepts related to hormonal dysfunctions that can cause infertility in male dogs with a view to more modern diagnostic tools and seminal evaluation.(AU)

Seminoma and sertolioma in non-cryptorchid dog – case report / Seminoma e sertolioma em cão não criptorquida – relato de caso

The most common testicular neoplasms in dogs are seminoma, leydigocytoma and sertolioma, affecting middle--aged and elderly dogs, where cryptorchidism is a predisposing factor, as well as some breeds. It can occur alone or, less fren-quently, concurrently, generally affecting the same testicle. This study aimed to report the case of a non-cryptorchid 14-year--old mixed breed dog diagnosed with seminoma and sertolioma, each in a testicle. The animal showed an increase in scrotal volume, with no changes in other clinical parameters on physical examination. On ultrasound examination, it was possible to observe alterations suggestive of neoplasia in both testicles and prostatic alteration suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Complementary blood count and biochemical tests were performed and, as treatment, orchiectomy was performed. Fragments were collected from both testicles and sent for histopathological examination. Microscopy of the left testicle showed the presence of round cells, multiple and evident nucleoli, cells in different phases of mitosis and binucleation, these changes being compa-tible with seminoma. In contrast, in the right testicle, spindle and elongated cells (pseudo-lobular) were observed, presence of long cytoplasmic projections with rounded ovoid nucleus, spindle cells and degeneration of seminiferous tubules, compatible with sertolioma. It was observed that physical examination associated with ultrasound was efficient to detect the presence of neoplasms, being validated by histopathological examination. Orchiectomy was an assertive treatment indicated for this case.

As neoplasias testiculares mais comuns em cães são o seminoma, leydigocitoma e o sertolioma, acometendo cães de meia idade e idosos, com predisposição racial e animais criptorquidas, podendo ocorrer isoladamente, ou concomitantemente, porém com menor frequência. Esse trabalho objetivou relatar o caso de um cão, SRD, 14 anos, não criptorquida diagnosticado com seminoma e sertolioma em testículos distintos. O animal apresentou aumento do volume testicular bilateral, sem alterações nos demais parâmetros clínicos ao exame físico. Ao exame ultrassonográfico foi possível observar alterações sugestivas de neoplasia para ambos os testículos e alteração prostática sugestiva de hiperplasia prostática benigna. Foram realizados exames complemen-tares de hemograma e bioquímico e como tratamento a realização de orquiectomia. Fragmentos foram coletados de ambos os tes-tículos e enviados para análise histopatológica. A microscopia do testículo esquerdo, evidenciou a presença de células arredonda-das, nucléolos múltiplos e evidentes, células em diferentes fases de mitose e binucleação, alteração compatíveis de seminoma. Em contrapartida, no testículo direito foi observado a presença de células fusiformes e alongadas (pseudo-lobular), presença de longas projeções citoplasmáticas com núcleo ovóide arredondado, células fusiformes e degeneração dos túbulos seminíferos compatíveis de sertolioma. Observou-se que o exame físico associado ao ultrassonográfico foi eficiente para detectar a presença das neopla-sias e isto foi validado pelo exame histopatológico. A realização de orquiectomia foi tratamento assertivo indicado para este caso.

Seminoma and sertolioma in non-cryptorchid dog case report / Seminoma e sertolioma em cão não criptorquida relato de caso

The most common testicular neoplasms in dogs are seminoma, leydigocytoma and sertolioma, affecting middle--aged and elderly dogs, where cryptorchidism is a predisposing factor, as well as some breeds. It can occur alone or, less fren-quently, concurrently, generally affecting the same testicle. This study aimed to report the case of a non-cryptorchid 14-year--old mixed breed dog diagnosed with seminoma and sertolioma, each in a testicle. The animal showed an increase in scrotal volume, with no changes in other clinical parameters on physical examination. On ultrasound examination, it was possible to observe alterations suggestive of neoplasia in both testicles and prostatic alteration suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Complementary blood count and biochemical tests were performed and, as treatment, orchiectomy was performed. Fragments were collected from both testicles and sent for histopathological examination. Microscopy of the left testicle showed the presence of round cells, multiple and evident nucleoli, cells in different phases of mitosis and binucleation, these changes being compa-tible with seminoma. In contrast, in the right testicle, spindle and elongated cells (pseudo-lobular) were observed, presence of long cytoplasmic projections with rounded ovoid nucleus, spindle cells and degeneration of seminiferous tubules, compatible with sertolioma. It was observed that physical examination associated with ultrasound was efficient to detect the presence of neoplasms, being validated by histopathological examination. Orchiectomy was an assertive treatment indicated for this case.(AU)

As neoplasias testiculares mais comuns em cães são o seminoma, leydigocitoma e o sertolioma, acometendo cães de meia idade e idosos, com predisposição racial e animais criptorquidas, podendo ocorrer isoladamente, ou concomitantemente, porém com menor frequência. Esse trabalho objetivou relatar o caso de um cão, SRD, 14 anos, não criptorquida diagnosticado com seminoma e sertolioma em testículos distintos. O animal apresentou aumento do volume testicular bilateral, sem alterações nos demais parâmetros clínicos ao exame físico. Ao exame ultrassonográfico foi possível observar alterações sugestivas de neoplasia para ambos os testículos e alteração prostática sugestiva de hiperplasia prostática benigna. Foram realizados exames complemen-tares de hemograma e bioquímico e como tratamento a realização de orquiectomia. Fragmentos foram coletados de ambos os tes-tículos e enviados para análise histopatológica. A microscopia do testículo esquerdo, evidenciou a presença de células arredonda-das, nucléolos múltiplos e evidentes, células em diferentes fases de mitose e binucleação, alteração compatíveis de seminoma. Em contrapartida, no testículo direito foi observado a presença de células fusiformes e alongadas (pseudo-lobular), presença de longas projeções citoplasmáticas com núcleo ovóide arredondado, células fusiformes e degeneração dos túbulos seminíferos compatíveis de sertolioma. Observou-se que o exame físico associado ao ultrassonográfico foi eficiente para detectar a presença das neopla-sias e isto foi validado pelo exame histopatológico. A realização de orquiectomia foi tratamento assertivo indicado para este caso.(AU)

Testicular morphometry of rats with Walker 256 tumor supplemented with L-glutamine

Glutamine is often used to treat metabolic changes associated with anorexia-cachexia syndrome in patients with malignant neoplasms. Walker 256 tumor is an excellent model for studying these changes associated with cancer in different organs, including injuries in testicular functions. However, the effects of supplementing glutamine on testicular morphometry in this model have not yet been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-glutamine supplementation on testicular morphometry in rats transplanted with Walker 256 tumor cells. Forty puberty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control without L-glutamine (C); control supplemented with L-glutamine (CG); inoculated with Walker 256 tumor cells (WT) and inoculated with Walker 256 tumor cells and supplemented with L-glutamine (WTG). The testicles were removed, weighed, fixed in Bouin, and included in paraffin for histomorphometric analysis. Walker 256 tumor caused quantitative changes in the tubular and intertubular compartments and tunica albuginea, with reductions in the percentages of lumen and tunica albuginea, number of Sertoli cells per gram of testis; number of Leydig cells; percentage of blood vessels and connective tissue in intertubule. However, glutamine supplementation prevented part of these changes caused by the tumor, presenting mainly a protective effect on the tunica albuginea and percentage of blood and lymph vessels in the intertubule. These results indicate the potential of L-glutamine was able to recover for testicular dysfunction associated with cancer.(AU)

Metástase de seminoma em região orbital em cão - relato de caso / Metastatic seminoma in the orbital region in a dog - case report

O seminoma é uma neoformação testicular originária de células germinativas de ocorrência comum em cães, com maior prevalência em animais senis. Em geral, o comportamento biológico do seminoma canino é benigno. Relata-se neste trabalho um caso de seminoma com metástase em região orbital em um cão com 14 anos de idade. O animal foi atendido com queixa de aumento de volume em órbita esquerda, com posterior detecção de nódulo testicular. A punção aspirativa por agulha fina da massa orbital sugeriu tratar-se de linfoma de alto grau, contudo o diagnóstico definitivo de seminoma difuso foi estabelecido pela avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou tratar-se de neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada, sendo o diagnóstico de seminoma difuso confirmado pelo exame imunoistoquímico. Relatos de seminomas metastáticos em cães são incomuns. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de seminoma anaplásico difuso em cão cujo foco principal de metástase ocorreu em região orbital, além de descrever e discutir as dificuldades diagnósticas encontradas.(AU)

Seminoma is a testicular neoformation originating from germ cells, commonly occurring in dogs. With higher prevalence in senile animals, the biological behavior of canine seminomas generally benign. This case reports seminoma with mestastasis in the orbital region in a 14-year-old dog. The animal was treated with a complaint of increased volume in the left orbit, and later a nodule in the testicle was discovered. Fine-needle aspiration of the orbit mass initially indicated a high-grade lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis of diffused seminoma was established by histopathological examination, resulting in poorly differentiated malignant neoplasia. Finally, the diagnosis was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, being the result compatible with diffused seminoma. Metastatic seminomas reported in dogs are quite uncommon. In this work we report a case of diffused anaplastic seminoma in dogs, where the main focus of metastasis was observed in the orbital region, and we also describe and discuss the difficulties encountered in the diagnostic.(AU)

Metástase de seminoma em região orbital em cão - relato de caso / Metastatic seminoma in the orbital region in a dog - case report

O seminoma é uma neoformação testicular originária de células germinativas de ocorrência comum em cães, com maior prevalência em animais senis. Em geral, o comportamento biológico do seminoma canino é benigno. Relata-se neste trabalho um caso de seminoma com metástase em região orbital em um cão com 14 anos de idade. O animal foi atendido com queixa de aumento de volume em órbita esquerda, com posterior detecção de nódulo testicular. A punção aspirativa por agulha fina da massa orbital sugeriu tratar-se de linfoma de alto grau, contudo o diagnóstico definitivo de seminoma difuso foi estabelecido pela avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou tratar-se de neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada, sendo o diagnóstico de seminoma difuso confirmado pelo exame imunoistoquímico. Relatos de seminomas metastáticos em cães são incomuns. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de seminoma anaplásico difuso em cão cujo foco principal de metástase ocorreu em região orbital, além de descrever e discutir as dificuldades diagnósticas encontradas.(AU)

Seminoma is a testicular neoformation originating from germ cells, commonly occurring in dogs. With higher prevalence in senile animals, the biological behavior of canine seminomas generally benign. This case reports seminoma with mestastasis in the orbital region in a 14-year-old dog. The animal was treated with a complaint of increased volume in the left orbit, and later a nodule in the testicle was discovered. Fine-needle aspiration of the orbit mass initially indicated a high-grade lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis of diffused seminoma was established by histopathological examination, resulting in poorly differentiated malignant neoplasia. Finally, the diagnosis was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, being the result compatible with diffused seminoma. Metastatic seminomas reported in dogs are quite uncommon. In this work we report a case of diffused anaplastic seminoma in dogs, where the main focus of metastasis was observed in the orbital region, and we also describe and discuss the difficulties encountered in the diagnostic.(AU)

Testicular tumors in 190 dogs: clinical, macroscopic and histopathological aspects / Neoplasmas testiculares em 190 cães: aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos

This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and clinical, macroscopic and histopathological aspects of dogs affected by testicular tumors based on biopsy specimens from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) over 19 years. Parameters regarding the age, size, and breed of the affected dogs were also established. Of all dogs with some type of neoplasm submitted to histopathological analysis at the LPV over these 19 years (n=1,900), 213 (11.2%) had at least one testicular neoplasm. The tissues of 190 dogs (with 220 neoplasms) were available for histological reassessment. The dogs in this study had different types of testicular tumors with relatively similar frequencies. In descending order, the most frequent testicular neoplasms were seminomas (88/220), Leydig (interstitial) cell tumor (LCT; 64/220), Sertoli cell tumor (SCT; 61/220), and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor (MGSCT) (07/220). Among the dogs of defined breed (119 cases), large breeds had the largest number of cases (50/119), followed by small (47/119) and medium-sized (22/119) breeds. The ages of dogs affected by testicular tumors ranged from 10 months to 18 years. Increased testicular volume was the most common clinical manifestation. Eleven dogs presented information about clinical signs suggestive of hyperestrogenism syndrome (feminization). In seminomas, the diffuse pattern predominated over the intratubular pattern. Two sites (luminal and basal compartments) suggestive of the onset of neoplastic transformations in germ cells were observed in intratubular seminomas. They corroborate the hypothesis that canine seminomas possibly have pathogenesis similar to that observed in human spermatocytic seminomas. The SCTs and LCTs presented high cell morphology variation. SCTs had neoplastic cells organized in five different histological arrangements. As for LCT, solid-diffuse and cystic-vascular histological patterns were the most commonly observed. Through this study, it was possible to establish some of the leading clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects of testicular neoplasms diagnosed over 19 years in the area covered by the LPV-UFSM.(AU)

Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a prevalência, aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos cães acometidos por neoplasmas testiculares, a partir dos espécimes de biópsias do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) em 19 anos. Parâmetros quanto à idade, porte, raça dos cães acometidos também foram estabelecidos. De todos os cães com algum tipo de neoplasma submetido à análise histopatológica no LPV nesses 19 anos (n=1.900), 213 (11,2%) tinham ao menos um neoplasma testicular. Os tecidos de 190 cães (com 220 neoplasmas) estavam disponíveis para reavaliação histológica. Os cães deste estudo apresentaram diferentes tipos de neoplasmas testiculares com frequências relativamente semelhantes. Em ordem decrescente, os neoplasmas testiculares mais frequentes foram: seminomas (88/220), leydigomas (64/220), sertoliomas (61/220) e o tumor misto de células germinativas e do estroma do cordão sexual (MGSCT; 07/220). Dentre os cães com raça definida (119 casos), as raças de grande porte tiveram o maior número de casos (50/119), seguido das raças de pequeno (47/119) e médio porte (22/119). As idades dos cães acometidos por neoplasmas testiculares variaram de 10 meses a 18 anos. Aumento de volume testicular foi a manifestação clínica mais comum. Onze cães tinham informações sobre sinais clínicos sugestivos da síndrome da feminilização. Nos seminomas, houve o predomínio do padrão difuso sobre o intratubular. Dois locais (compartimentos luminal e basal) sugestivos de início das transformações neoplásicas nas células germinativas foram observados nos seminomas intratubulares, corroborando com a hipótese de que os seminomas caninos possivelmente tem patogênese semelhante à observada nos seminomas espermatocíticos humanos. Sertoliomas e leydigomas foram neoplasmas com alta variação na morfologia celular. Os sertoliomas tinham células neoplásicas dispostas em cinco arranjos histológicos distintos. Quanto aos leydigomas, os padrões histológicos sólido-difuso e cístico-vascular foram os mais comumente observados. Através deste estudo foi possível estabelecer alguns dos principais aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos dos neoplasmas testiculares diagnosticados em 19 anos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM.(AU)

Bilateral canine seminoma with ocular metastasis: histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization

A 10-year old male dog was examined due to a buphthalmia in the left eye and a nodule in the two testicles. Due to the limited resources of the owner and loss of visual acuity of the patient, the enucleation and castration were chosen as treatment. Microscopic analysis of the testicular tissue revealed neoplastic germ cells. Morphologically, neoplastic cells were characterized by distinct cell borders, scarce and eosinophilic cytoplasm, large round nucleus, with thick chromatin and a prominent nucleolus. Binucleated and multinucleated neoplastic cells were also frequently observed. In 10 high powerfields (400x), 62 typical and atypical mitosis were counted. Similar neoplastic cells were identified within the vessels of theretina, sclera and in the sub-epithelial conjunctive tissue of the eyelid. The neoplastic cells observed in the testicle and in the eye were positive for PAS. By immunochemistry technique was identified an intense immunostaining of the neoplastic cells for Vimentin and Ki-67 in both testicular and ocular tissue. While, discrete immunoreactivity was identified to c-KIT from the neoplastic cells in both organs. Based on morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis, it was possible to characterize the ocular lesion as seminoma metastasis.

Bilateral canine seminoma with ocular metastasis: histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization

A 10-year old male dog was examined due to a buphthalmia in the left eye and a nodule in the two testicles. Due to the limited resources of the owner and loss of visual acuity of the patient, the enucleation and castration were chosen as treatment. Microscopic analysis of the testicular tissue revealed neoplastic germ cells. Morphologically, neoplastic cells were characterized by distinct cell borders, scarce and eosinophilic cytoplasm, large round nucleus, with thick chromatin and a prominent nucleolus. Binucleated and multinucleated neoplastic cells were also frequently observed. In 10 high powerfields (400x), 62 typical and atypical mitosis were counted. Similar neoplastic cells were identified within the vessels of theretina, sclera and in the sub-epithelial conjunctive tissue of the eyelid. The neoplastic cells observed in the testicle and in the eye were positive for PAS. By immunochemistry technique was identified an intense immunostaining of the neoplastic cells for Vimentin and Ki-67 in both testicular and ocular tissue. While, discrete immunoreactivity was identified to c-KIT from the neoplastic cells in both organs. Based on morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis, it was possible to characterize the ocular lesion as seminoma metastasis.(AU)

Leydigocitoma canino: aspectos ultrassonográficos, citológicos e histopatológicos / Canine Leydigocitoma: ultrasonographic, cytological and histopathological aspects

In non-neutered dogs, the testis is the second most common site for development of neoplasms, frequently occurring in elderly animals and with orchiectomy as main treatment. Regarding the great relevance of testicular disorders and the importance of accurate diagnoses, this study aims to report a case of canine leydigocytoma at the Veterinary Hospital in the State University of Ceará. The 10-years-old non-neutered Pitbull-breed animal was attended presenting hematuria and, physical examination showed a bilateral nodular formation in testicles in addition to an enlarged prostate. In ultrasonographic examination, the prostate was enlarged, presenting irregular shape and heterogeneous echotexture. These changes indicate the presence of prostatic hyperplasia. Both testicles presented well-defined hypoechogenic regions with evident marginal and internal vascularization, which indicate neoplastic neoformation. In cytology, a hypercellular epithelial sample was observed with cellular modifications suggestive of interstitial cell neoplasia. In the lab, macroscopically, the testis showed multiple soft, well-defined, white-colored to brownish nodules. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation of Leydig cells, sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma, with degenerated adjacent parenchyma and without signs of malignancy. Four months after orchiectomy, the prostate turned to normal dimensions, with no further ultrasonographic changes. This case reinforces the importance of bilateral orchiectomy and ultrasound for prostatic abnormalities and testicular neoplasms. The association of these conditions is not commonly described in the literature, being an important contribution in this regard.

Leydigocitoma canino: aspectos ultrassonográficos, citológicos e histopatológicos / Canine Leydigocitoma: ultrasonographic, cytological and histopathological aspects

In non-neutered dogs, the testis is the second most common site for development of neoplasms, frequently occurring in elderly animals and with orchiectomy as main treatment. Regarding the great relevance of testicular disorders and the importance of accurate diagnoses, this study aims to report a case of canine leydigocytoma at the Veterinary Hospital in the State University of Ceará. The 10-years-old non-neutered Pitbull-breed animal was attended presenting hematuria and, physical examination showed a bilateral nodular formation in testicles in addition to an enlarged prostate. In ultrasonographic examination, the prostate was enlarged, presenting irregular shape and heterogeneous echotexture. These changes indicate the presence of prostatic hyperplasia. Both testicles presented well-defined hypoechogenic regions with evident marginal and internal vascularization, which indicate neoplastic neoformation. In cytology, a hypercellular epithelial sample was observed with cellular modifications suggestive of interstitial cell neoplasia. In the lab, macroscopically, the testis showed multiple soft, well-defined, white-colored to brownish nodules. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation of Leydig cells, sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma, with degenerated adjacent parenchyma and without signs of malignancy. Four months after orchiectomy, the prostate turned to normal dimensions, with no further ultrasonographic changes. This case reinforces the importance of bilateral orchiectomy and ultrasound for prostatic abnormalities and testicular neoplasms. The association of these conditions is not commonly described in the literature, being an important contribution in this regard.(AU)

Mastocitoma de alto grau em bolsa testitular em cão / Mast cell tumor high grade in testicular bag in dog

Mast cell tumor is the most common skin tumor in dogs. Due to mast cell proliferation, the affected animals present clinical symptoms compatible with the release of excess histamine granules present inside these cells leading to changes in the gastrointestinal and vascular tracts with the possibility of causing anaphylactic shock. The diagnosis is made by cytopathological analysis and classified by means of histopathology. Treatment is based on staging, surgical exeresis with antineoplastic chemotherapy and drug treatment to inhibit the effects of histamine release. A dog of 14 years old of Boxer breed was attend complaining of nodulation in the testicular bag with a two month evolution. Animal was diagnosed with mast cell tumor. Treatment was instituted by surgical excision and due to the metastatic possibility in regional lymph node, antineoplastic and drug therapy was indicated, which was not successful due of the person responsible non-adherence to the treatment. Mast cell tumor classified as high grade after histopathological analysis. Animal survived for two months after diagnosis of the disease. Due to the high grade of neoplastic presentation and difficulty in treatment, the animal had low survival, corroborating with data described in the literature regarding the poor prognosis of this tumor type.

Mastocitoma de alto grau em bolsa testitular em cão / Mast cell tumor high grade in testicular bag in dog

Mast cell tumor is the most common skin tumor in dogs. Due to mast cell proliferation, the affected animals present clinical symptoms compatible with the release of excess histamine granules present inside these cells leading to changes in the gastrointestinal and vascular tracts with the possibility of causing anaphylactic shock. The diagnosis is made by cytopathological analysis and classified by means of histopathology. Treatment is based on staging, surgical exeresis with antineoplastic chemotherapy and drug treatment to inhibit the effects of histamine release. A dog of 14 years old of Boxer breed was attend complaining of nodulation in the testicular bag with a two month evolution. Animal was diagnosed with mast cell tumor. Treatment was instituted by surgical excision and due to the metastatic possibility in regional lymph node, antineoplastic and drug therapy was indicated, which was not successful due of the person responsible non-adherence to the treatment. Mast cell tumor classified as high grade after histopathological analysis. Animal survived for two months after diagnosis of the disease. Due to the high grade of neoplastic presentation and difficulty in treatment, the animal had low survival, corroborating with data described in the literature regarding the poor prognosis of this tumor type.(AU)

Sertolioma em cão com testículo ectópico: achados clínicos, hematológicos, ultrassonográficos e histopatológicos / Sertolioma in a dog with ectopic testis: clinical, hematological, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings

Sertoliomas are among the most common testicular neoplasms in dogs, and one of its main risk factors is disorders in the process of testicular dehiscence, which causes the retention of one or both testicles out of the scrotum. Thus, the present study aims to report a case of a tumor of Sertoli cells (Sertolioma) in an ectopic testicle in the right inguinal region in an SRD dog at Hospital Veterinário Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, of the State University of Ceará. A 5-year-old, non-neutered male canine, SRD, weighing 18 kg, came to attend an increase in the right inguinal region. On physical examination, the presence of a firm mass located in the subcutaneous tissue in the right inguinal region was identified, in addition to absence of right testicle in the scrotal pouch and a left testicle decreased in size and with softened consistency. In ultrasound evaluation, the left testicle was located in usual topography, with regular contours and standard echogenicity. In the right inguinal region, an echogenic image of heterogeneous echotexture was perceived, indicating the presence of an ectopic testis. After bilateral orchiectomy, both parts were referred for histopathological analysis, presenting a benign Sertolioma in the ectopic testis and testicular degeneration in the topical testicle was reported. The case reinforces the importance of bilateral orchiectomy and ultrasound for abdominal and gonadal evaluation of non-neutered males.

Sertolioma em cão com testículo ectópico: achados clínicos, hematológicos, ultrassonográficos e histopatológicos / Sertolioma in a dog with ectopic testis: clinical, hematological, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings

Sertoliomas are among the most common testicular neoplasms in dogs, and one of its main risk factors is disorders in the process of testicular dehiscence, which causes the retention of one or both testicles out of the scrotum. Thus, the present study aims to report a case of a tumor of Sertoli cells (Sertolioma) in an ectopic testicle in the right inguinal region in an SRD dog at Hospital Veterinário Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, of the State University of Ceará. A 5-year-old, non-neutered male canine, SRD, weighing 18 kg, came to attend an increase in the right inguinal region. On physical examination, the presence of a firm mass located in the subcutaneous tissue in the right inguinal region was identified, in addition to absence of right testicle in the scrotal pouch and a left testicle decreased in size and with softened consistency. In ultrasound evaluation, the left testicle was located in usual topography, with regular contours and standard echogenicity. In the right inguinal region, an echogenic image of heterogeneous echotexture was perceived, indicating the presence of an ectopic testis. After bilateral orchiectomy, both parts were referred for histopathological analysis, presenting a benign Sertolioma in the ectopic testis and testicular degeneration in the topical testicle was reported. The case reinforces the importance of bilateral orchiectomy and ultrasound for abdominal and gonadal evaluation of non-neutered males.(AU)

Sertolioma in a Canadian Husky: relationship between tumor, hormones, neurons and skin

Background: Sertolioma is a slow-growing, non-invasive, firm and nodular tumor, malignant in 10% to 22% of cases andwith low metastatic potential. Old age and cryptorchidism increase up to 26 times its chances of development and associates it with malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndrome, shown in 20% to 30% of the animals, is due to the aromatization oftestosterone or the direct production of estrogen by tumor cells, leading to signs of feminization and bone marrow aplasia.The objective of this article is to report a case of sertolioma in a dog with dermatological characteristic symptoms, butpresenting an unusual aggressive behavior, both completely reverted after castration.Case: A 9-year-old, uncastrated, aggressive and uncontrollable Canadian Husky dog was treated at the InstitutionalVeterinary Hospital with parapenial volume increase and generalized alopecia. A scrotal testis of reduced size and flaccid consistency and a mass in a parapenial region of 11 x 7.5 x 8 cm in diameter, with a cystic contour, adhered to theabdominal musculature and painless to palpation were detected. Cytology of the parapenial mass presented an imagecompatible with seminoma or sertolioma, and the preputial smear revealed a predominance of superficial cells. Ultrasoundexamination showed a heterogeneous inguinal mass, with expansive cystic area, compatible with mass in retained inguinaltestis. Therapeutic course consisted of bilateral orchiectomy. Ectopic testis was firm to the cut, had whitish to yellowishcoloration and was surrounded by a tunica containing 200 mL of serosanguinolent liquid. The histology of the mass revealed sertolioma-compatible cell characteristics, with cell proliferation circumvented by fibrous connective tissue formingpoorly delimited lobes, moderate polymorphism with elongated cells, arranged in a palisade at the periphery of the lobes,vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesiculous...(AU)

Sertolioma in a Canadian Husky: relationship between tumor, hormones, neurons and skin

Background: Sertolioma is a slow-growing, non-invasive, firm and nodular tumor, malignant in 10% to 22% of cases andwith low metastatic potential. Old age and cryptorchidism increase up to 26 times its chances of development and associates it with malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndrome, shown in 20% to 30% of the animals, is due to the aromatization oftestosterone or the direct production of estrogen by tumor cells, leading to signs of feminization and bone marrow aplasia.The objective of this article is to report a case of sertolioma in a dog with dermatological characteristic symptoms, butpresenting an unusual aggressive behavior, both completely reverted after castration.Case: A 9-year-old, uncastrated, aggressive and uncontrollable Canadian Husky dog was treated at the InstitutionalVeterinary Hospital with parapenial volume increase and generalized alopecia. A scrotal testis of reduced size and flaccid consistency and a mass in a parapenial region of 11 x 7.5 x 8 cm in diameter, with a cystic contour, adhered to theabdominal musculature and painless to palpation were detected. Cytology of the parapenial mass presented an imagecompatible with seminoma or sertolioma, and the preputial smear revealed a predominance of superficial cells. Ultrasoundexamination showed a heterogeneous inguinal mass, with expansive cystic area, compatible with mass in retained inguinaltestis. Therapeutic course consisted of bilateral orchiectomy. Ectopic testis was firm to the cut, had whitish to yellowishcoloration and was surrounded by a tunica containing 200 mL of serosanguinolent liquid. The histology of the mass revealed sertolioma-compatible cell characteristics, with cell proliferation circumvented by fibrous connective tissue formingpoorly delimited lobes, moderate polymorphism with elongated cells, arranged in a palisade at the periphery of the lobes,vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesiculous...